讲解12 特殊句式和主谓一致-中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练(39张PPT).ppt

1、中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练讲解12 特殊句式和主谓一致一、一般疑问句用 法例 句以系动词be开头的疑问句Are you a student?你是学生吗?以助动词开头的疑问句Do you speak French?你说法语吗?以情态动词开头的疑问句Can you dance?你会跳舞吗?【考点练】()(2020铜仁中考)Are there any notebooks on COVID-19(新冠肺炎病毒)in your school?_.They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.A.Yes,they areB.Yes,th

2、ere areC.Yes,there isD.Yes,it isB()(2019青海中考)_ a big clock on the wall?Yes,but it was broken in the earthquake.A.Have you gotB.Did you haveC.Was thereD.Were thereC二、特殊疑问句引导词用 法例 句常用疑问代词what什么;who谁;whom谁(who的宾格);which哪个(些);whose谁的What are you doing?你在干什么?常用疑问副词when何时;where何地;how怎么;why为什么Where are you

3、 going tomorrow?明天你去哪儿?常用疑问短语what time什么时刻;how many/much多少;how often多久一次;how soon多久;how long多长时间;how old多大(年龄)How long have you been here?你来这儿多久了?For 10 minutes.十分钟了。【考点练】()(2020临沂中考)do people greet visitors?Some shake hands.Some say“hello”or“hi”.Some kiss.A.WhyB.WhatC.HowD.Where()(2020宜昌中考)_ did th

4、e rules about keeping civilized dogs(文明养狗)come out in Yichang?Im not sure about the exact date but I totally agree.A.WhyB.WhenC.WhoD.WhatCB()(2020达州中考)_ is your school from your home,Gina?Only ten minutes walk.A.How longB.How farC.How manyD.How soon B三、反意疑问句1.反意疑问句的两种基本句型。基本句型例 句肯定陈述句+否定简略问句Lucy is

5、from England,isnt she?露西来自英格兰,不是吗?否定陈述句+肯定简略问句Ann doesnt like apples,does she?安不喜欢苹果,对吗?注意:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时,要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问,前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。2.反意疑问句的特殊形式。当陈述部分是“there be+主语+其他”结构时,反意疑问部分要用“be(not)+there”结构。例如:There are some bananas in the basket,arent there?篮子里有些香蕉

6、,是吗?当陈述部分有hardly,seldom,few,little,no,never,nothing,nobody,nowhere等否定词或半否定词时,反意疑问句部分要用肯定形式。例如:He hardly remembers his old friends name,does he?他几乎不记得他的老朋友的名字了,对吗?肯定祈使句的反意疑问部分用will you或 wont you皆可。否定祈使句的反意疑问句部分用will you。例如:Be sure to write to us,will you/wont you?一定要给我们写信,好吗(不好吗)?Dont smoke in the me

7、eting room,will you?请不要在会议室吸烟,好吗?在宾语从句中,如果陈述句部分是“I think(believe,suppose,imagine,expect等)+宾语从句”,反意疑问句部分应与宾语从句的主谓保持一致,并要注意否定转移。例如:I dont think you have heard of him before,have you?我认为你以前没有听说过他,是吗?【考点练】()(2020黔西南州中考)Jack,you are going to the mountain village to help the children,_?A.dont youB.do youC

8、.arent youD.are you()(2020黔南中考)Its Fathers Day,_?Yes.Lets buy a gift for dad.He works very hard for us.A.isnt itB.doesnt itC.isnt heD.doesnt he CA()(2020鄂州中考)Shes never heard of Abing,she?.She said that his piece,Erquan Yingyue was her favorite music.A.is;Yes,she isB.has;Yes,she hasC.hasnt;No,she ha

9、sntD.isnt;No,she isntB四、感叹句类 别结 构例 句以how引导How+adj.+a/an+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!How clever a boy he is!多么聪明的男孩!How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!How quickly Tom runs!汤姆跑得真快!以what引导What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!What a beautiful mountain it is!多么美丽的山啊!What+adj.+复数可数名词+主语+谓语!What great inventions he has made!他的发明多么伟大啊!What+adj.+

10、不可数名词+主语+谓语!What bad weather it is today!今天的天气多么糟糕啊!【考点练】()(2020哈尔滨中考)_ wonderful the music is!Yes.It makes me relaxed after a busy day.A.HowB.What aC.How aD.What anA()(2020鄂州中考)_ unusual year 2020 is!Yeah!The pandemic(大疫情)is a challenge not only to China but also to the world.A.WhatB.What anC.What

11、aD.HowB五、祈使句1.肯定形式的祈使句。Do型动词原形(+宾语)+其他成分Please have a seat.请坐。Be型Be+表语(名词或形容词)+其他成分Be quiet!安静!Let型Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分Let me help you.让我帮助你。2.否定形式的祈使句。(1)Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加dont构成。例如:Dont forget me!不要忘记我!Dont be late for school!上学不要迟到!(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Dont+let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分”和“Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他成分”。例如:Dont

12、let him go./Let him not go.别让他走。(3)有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。例如:No smoking!禁止吸烟!【考点练】()(2020长沙中考)_your smartphones,and read for at least 30 minutes every day!You know,reading helps us to deepen our spiritual world.A.Put awayB.To put awayC.Putting awayD.Puts awayA()(2020上海中考)Tom,_here to carry the luggage

13、 upstairs for me,will you?All right.A.comeB.cameC.comingD.to come()(2020邵阳中考)How can I avoid the illness,Sir?_ a mask when going out and wash hands with soap.A.WearsB.WearC.To wearD.WearingAB六、倒装句 英语句子一般主语在前,谓语在后,即“主语+谓语”。有时因为语法结构的要求或为了表达特殊的强调部分,会把谓语的全部或一部分放到主语之前,这种句子叫倒装句。在中学阶段常见的倒装句式有以下几种。1.there b

14、e句型表示“存在”,主语在谓语动词be的后面。谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。例如:There is some water in the cup.杯子里有一些水。2.So+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的肯定情况相同。例如:Jack likes pork for lunch.杰克午饭喜欢吃猪肉。So does my brother.我弟弟也是。【温馨提示】So+主语+助动词/系动词/情态动词表示“确实如此”,是对上文提到的肯定情况表示认可和肯定。例如:She is a beautiful girl.她是个漂亮的女孩。So she is.她的确如此。3.Neither+助动词/系动词

15、/情态动词+主语表示与上文提到的否定情况相同。例如:Jim doesnt like noodles for breakfast.吉姆早餐不喜欢吃面条。Neither does my sister.我妹妹也不喜欢。4.以here,there,out,in,down,away等表示方位的副词开头的句子中,如果主语是名词,要用倒装句,谓语动词的形式由倒装句句尾的主语确定。例如:There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。Here are the results of the test.这是考试的结果。【考点练】()(2020达州中考)It was the Dragon Boat Festi

16、val last Sunday.I drove to the Lianhua Lake to watch the boat races.How exciting!_,but I didnt see you there.A.So I didB.So did IC.So do ID.Neither did IB七、语法一致1.语法一致原则,就是句子的谓语动词同句子的主语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是第三人称单数或不可数名词时,谓语动词也用第三人称单数形式;当主语是第一、第二、第三人称复数形式时,谓语动词也用复数形式。Tom is an English boy.汤姆是一个英国男孩。2.语法一致原则的

17、其他用法。(1)用and或both.and.连接的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。(2)不定代词something,somebody,someone,everything,everybody,everyone,anything,anybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,either,neither等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Is there anything wrong with your car?你的汽车有毛病吗?(3)由every.,every.and.,each.,eac

18、h.and.作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。Every boy and every girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。(4)由with,together with,as well as等词连接并列主语时,谓语动词的数和前面的主语保持一致。Tom with his good friends is going to Beijing next week.汤姆和他的好朋友下周将去北京。(5)lots of.,plenty of.,分数或百分数+名词作主语时,其谓语动词的形式取决于其后面的名词。如果是单数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;如果名词是复数

19、形式,则谓语动词用复数形式。Three fifths of the students are boys.五分之三的学生是男孩。(6)由cup,bottle,pair等计量单位名词修饰的名词充当主语时,谓语动词用单数还是复数形式由计量单位名词的单复数形式决定。Fifteen pairs of shoes are made by him every day.他每天做十五双鞋子。(7)某些复数形式的名词(如clothes,pants,shorts,shoes,gloves.)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。My shoes are worn out.我的鞋子穿坏了。(8)动词不定式、动名词或句子作主语

20、时谓语动词用单数形式。Reading is learning.读书就是学习。What he said is true.他说的话是真的。【考点练】()(2020安顺中考)As we all know,using public chopsticks _necessary when we eat with others.A.isB.areC.was D.were()(2020上海中考)There _more than two ways to solve this maths problem.A.amB.isC.areD.beAC八、意义一致1.意义一致又叫概念一致,即谓语是单数还是复数要看主语所表达

21、的概念。My family is a big one with ten people.我的家庭是一个有十口人的大家庭。2.意义一致原则的具体用法。(1)表示金钱、时间、价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数形式。Ten years is a long time.十年是一段很长的时间。(2)family,class,group,team和crowd等集体名词作主语时,如果表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示集体中的成员,谓语动词用复数形式。My class is very good.我们班非常好。My family all like playing ba

22、sketball.我们全家人都喜欢打篮球。(3)“the+形容词”作主语。“the+形容词”作主语时如果指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式,如果指抽象的概念其谓语动词用单数。The old in our town are taken good care of.我们镇里的老人被照顾得非常好。【考点练】()(2020绥化中考)My family _for dinner now.Were busy.A.is preparing B.are preparing C.preparesD.prepared()(2020牡丹江中考)The talent show Youth With You(青春有你)is be

23、coming hotter and hotter online.Exactly.Half of our class _interested in it recently.A.isB.areC.was D.were BB九、就近一致1.就近一致原则又叫邻近原则,即谓语是单数还是复数要与最靠近它的主语保持一致。Either you or he is right.要么你对,要么他对。2.就近一致原则的具体用法。(1)由either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.连接两个并列主语时,句子的谓语和较近的主语保持一致。Neither Tom nor I am from

24、Japan.汤姆和我都不是来自日本。(2)there(here)be结构中的谓语常与最近的主语保持一致。There is a desk and ten chairs in the room.在这个房间里有一张桌子和十把椅子。【考点练】()(2020营口中考)Not only Jim but also Lucy _a few cities since they came to China.A.will visitB.visitedC.have visitedD.has visited()(2019天水中考)Either the students or the teacher _him very well.A.knowsB.to knowC.knowD.knewDA