讲解15 简单句与情景交际-中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练(48张PPT).ppt

1、中考英语总复习基础语法分类讲练讲解15 简单句与情景交际I.简单句【考点一】五类基本句型句子成分结构简单句的五大基本句型结构句型例句主语+系动词+表语They are always very busy.主语+不及物动词The plane disappeared in the sky.。主语+及物动词+宾语He likes swimming and fishing.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语His mother bought him a set of novels.主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语She often keeps the room clean and tidy.【考点二】特

2、殊疑问句 主要考查疑问代词/副词、how词组的辨析,此类试题的解答主要看答句的内容。浙江各地市常考疑问词(组)总结如下:A)“wh-”疑问词小结疑问代词what什么(询问事物、职业、身份、日期、天气)which哪一个(询问特定的人或物)who谁(询问身份)whose谁的(询问物品归属)疑问副词when什么时候(询问时间)where哪里(询问地点、位置)why为什么(询问原因)B)how及其词组小结how怎样(询问方式)how long多长时间(提问时间段)how often多久一次(对频率提问)how soon多久以后(对in短语提问)how many多少(提问可数名词的数量)how much

3、多少(提问不可数名词的数量);多少钱(提问价格)how far多远(提问距离)how heavy多重how wide多宽how tall/high多高how old多大(提问年龄)【考点三】一般疑问句一般疑问句是用yes或no来回答的疑问句,它一般有三种形式:1.be+主语+其他?例如:Is she from England?她来自英格兰吗?2.情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?例如:Must I finish the report today?我今天必须完成报告吗?3.助动词+主语+动词原形/过去分词+其他?例如:Did she like dancing when she was young?

4、她小时候喜欢跳舞吗?Has he watered the flowers?他已经浇花了吗?【考点四】选择疑问句结构是“一般疑问句+or+另一个选择成分”或“特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项”,不能用yes或no来回答,而要选择其一。例如:Do you like classical music or pop music?你喜欢古典音乐还是流行音乐?I like classical music/pop music.我喜欢古典音乐/流行音乐。【先悟后练】1.(2020黔南州)Twenty foreign students visited our school yesterday.(改为一般疑问句)_

5、 twenty foreign students _ our school yesterday?2.(2020天水)Li Ziqi has made some excellent videos about Chinese culture.(改为一般疑问句)_ Li Ziqi made _ excellent videos about Chinese culture?3.(2020天水)It is _from my home to my school.(对画线部分提问)_ _ is it from your home to your school?DidvisitHasany30-minute

6、rideHow far4.He goes to work _.(对画线部分提问)_ _ he go to work?5.The population of Chongqing is _.(对画线部分提问)_ _ the population of Chongqing?by subwayHow doesover 30 millionWhat is【考点五】祈使句(2020衢州:24;25)浙江各地市近3年对“祈使句”的考查较少,从选项设置的角度出发,对此类试题应特别注意区分开是考查“非谓语动词”还是“祈使句”。若句子省略主语,且缺少谓语动词,则考查的是祈使句;若句子不缺少谓语动词,则考查的是非谓

7、语动词。由于祈使句的句型比较固定,考生应重点熟记以下两种形式:A)肯定形式结构例句动词原形+其他Stand up!Sit down,please!Be+adj.Be careful!Be quiet,please!Let sb.+动词原形Lets go to school!B)否定形式结构例句Dont+动词原形Dont let them play with fire.Let sb.+not+动词原形Lets not make noise here.Let Mary not come here.No+名词/v.-ingNo photos!No smoking!(常用于公共场合的提示语中)Neve

8、r+动词原形Never be late for school!注意:“祈使句+and/or+结果状语”结构,可以转换成由if引导的条件状语从句。例如:Hurry up,or you will miss the train.快点,否则你要错过火车了。=If you hurry up,you wont miss the train.如果你快点,你就不会错过火车了。=If you dont hurry up,you will miss the train.如果你不快点,你就会错过火车了。【先悟后练】6.(2020黔南州)You shouldnt walk across the road when t

9、he light is red.(改为祈使句)_across the road when the light is red!7.on time,to,remember,arrive(连词成句)_8.明天别忘了带上你的外套。(完成译句)_Dont walkRemember to arrive on time.Dont forget to take your coat with you tomorrow.9.不要和你的老师顶嘴。(完成译句)_10.仔细记笔记,这对你的学习有帮助。(补全句子)_,and it is helpful to your study.Dont talk back to yo

10、ur teacher.Be careful with your notes/Write down your notes carefully/Take notes carefully【考点六】感叹句(2020金华/丽水/义乌:67)通过分析浙江近3年中考真题可知,各地市对感叹句的考查越来越多,可见它逐渐成为了命题的重点。因此,对该考点的复习也应该重视起来。感叹句通常由what和how引导,考生应熟练掌握并灵活运用其不同句式结构。A)What引导的感叹句(what“多么”,修饰名词,作定语)What+名词短语+主语+谓语!例如:What _What _What _B)How引导的感叹句(how“多

11、么”,修饰形容词和副词,作状语)1.How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)!例如:How beautiful the girl is!那个女孩多漂亮呀!How fast he runs!他跑得多快呀!2.How+主语+谓语!例如:How time flies!时间过得真快!a beautiful flowerit is!lovely birdsthey are!cold weatherit is!C)How与What的选择方法【先悟后练】根据语境补全感叹句。11.(2020乐山)_terrible mess you have made!-Sorry,Mum.I will clear it up

12、right now.12._ kind you are!Thanks for your help.13.It is said that 5G is coming.It will improve our life greatly!_ amazing it is!14._ exciting news it is!The 3D-printed houses will come out!15.(2020黔南州)What beautiful flowers they are!(改为How 引导的感叹句)_ _ the flowers are!What aHowHowWhatHow beautifulII

13、.情景交际一、感谢与道歉1.感谢(Thanks)。(1)Thank you(very much)./Thanks(a lot).(非常)感谢。Not at all./Youre welcome./Thats OK/all right.不用谢。不客气。(2)Thank you for your help.谢谢你的帮助。My pleasure./Its a pleasure.这是我的荣幸。2.道歉(Apologies)。(1)Sorry./Im sorry.对不起。Thats OK./Its all right./Never mind.没关系。/别放在心上。(2)I beg your pardon

14、.我请求你的原谅。(3)Im sorry(that)Im late.对不起,我迟到了。(4)Sorry,I wont do it again.对不起,我不会再做这样的事了。(5)It doesnt matter.不要紧。【考点练】()(2020武威中考)Dont keep the lights on when theyre not in use!_A.Not at all.B.Sorry,I wont.C.No,thanks.D.Im afraid so.()(2019南充中考)Susan,would you like another cake?_.Im full.A.Yes,pleaseB.

15、My pleasureC.No,thanksD.Not at allBC二、请求、建议和许可(1)Lets go for a walk.我们去散步吧。OK./Good idea.好的/好主意。(2)Would you like to go out for a walk?你愿意出去走走吗?Yes,Id love to./Id love to,but Im afraid I have no time.我乐意去/我想去,但是恐怕没有时间。(3)May I invite you to dinner?我能邀请你共进晚餐吗?Yes.Its kind/nice of you.好的。你真好。(4)What/H

16、ow about having a swim?去游泳怎么样?That would be very nice.那太好了。(5)May I come in?我可以进来吗?Yes,please./Come in,please.可以,请吧。/请进。(6)Can/Could I use your telephone?我可以用你的电话吗?Sure/Certainly.当然可以。(7)I wonder if I could smoke here.我想知道我能否在这里吸烟。Im afraid not./Youd better not.恐怕不行。/你最好别这么做。(8)Would/Do you mind if

17、I open the window?如果我开窗户你介意吗?Yes,youd better not.对不起,你最好不要这样。(9)Go ahead,please.做吧。/说吧。/走吧。【考点练】()(2019辽阳中考)Jimmy,could you please help me in the garden?_,Mom.Im coming.A.SureB.Im sorryC.Go aheadD.Thats rightA()(2020自贡中考)Its a beautiful day today!Can I go outside?_ You should stay at home and study

18、for the coming examination.A.Why not?B.Youd better not!C.Thats a good idea!D.It doesnt matter.B三、祝福、祝愿(1)Have a good day/time!/Have a good journey/trip!玩得高兴!/旅途愉快!Thank you.谢谢你。(2)Good luck!祝你好运!(3)Enjoy yourself!玩得开心!(4)Best wishes to you.向你致以最美好的祝愿。(5)Happy New Year!/Merry Christmas!新年快乐!/圣诞节快乐!Th

19、e same to you.同样也祝愿你。(6)Happy birthday!生日快乐!Thank you.谢谢你。(7)Wish you all the success!祝你(们)成功!Thank you.谢谢你。(8)Congratulations!祝贺你!(9)Well done!做得好!【考点练】()(2020锦州中考)Im going to visit Chengdu this summer holiday.Great!_!A.Have a good tripB.Good luckC.With pleasureD.Well doneA()(2020天水中考)I got a job w

20、ith Chinese Space Agency._.A.Have a nice tripB.Good luck C.Thank goodnessD.CongratulationsD四、电话用语(1)Hello!This is Mary speaking.喂!我是玛丽。(2)Hello!May I speak to Tom?喂!请找汤姆接电话好吗?(3)Hello!Id like to speak to Mr Green.喂!我想和格林先生通话。(4)Is that Liu Ying speaking?你是刘英吗?(5)Hello,who is that?喂,你是谁?(6)Hold on,pl

21、ease./Hold the line,please./Just a moment,please.请稍等。(7)Can I leave a message?我可以留个信息吗?(8)Sorry.He/She isnt here right now.对不起。他/她现在不在这里。(9)Can I take a message?我能给捎个信吗?(10)The line is bad/busy.电话占线。(11)I couldnt get through.我接不通。【考点练】()Johnny,its noisy outside.Go and see whats going on.Im answering

22、 a call.A.Just a minuteB.One more timeC.Lets goD.Thats fineA()(2020昆明中考)Hello,may I speak to Gina?_A.Hi,this is Gina speaking.B.Hi,Im Gina.C.May I know your address?D.May I take a message for you?A五、表扬和鼓励(1)Very good!/Well done!非常好!/干得好!(2)Wonderful!好极了!(3)Excellent!太好了!(4)You speak English very wel

23、l!你英语说得非常好!(5)Your dress is beautiful!你的衣服很漂亮!(6)Come on!加油!(7)Keep trying!继续努力!(8)You can do it!你能行的!(9)Thank you.谢谢你。(10)OK.Ill try it again.好的,我再试试。【考点练】()(2020苏州中考)Through 5G,people in two different cities can even“shake hands”on the same screen._A.What a mess!B.Dont mention it.C.With pleasure.D

24、.Wonderful,indeed.D()(2019安徽中考)Mum,Ive got the first prize in the speech competition._,my boy!A.Well doneB.My pleasureC.Good luckD.Its hard to sayA()(2020营口中考)The game is too hard for me.I will certainly lose._You should never say no before you try.A.Forget it!B.Come on!C.Dont mention it.D.Im sorry.

25、B六、高兴、满意、遗憾(1)高兴(Happiness)。How wonderful/nice!妙极了!/好极了!Thats lovely/great/wonderful!真可爱!/真了不起!/真是妙极了!Im so happy.我真高兴。Its well done.干得好。Im pleased to know that.知道那件事我很高兴。(2)满意(Satisfaction)。Well done!/Perfect!/Thats fine.太好了!Thats better!那更好!Thats good enough.够好的了。Im pleased with your spoken Englis

26、h.我对你的英语口语很满意。(3)遗憾(Regret)。Im so sorry!真对不起!Its a great pity!太可惜了!What a shame!真可惜!Thats too bad!太糟了!Im so sorry about your illness.你的病让我很难过。What a pity!真遗憾!Im sorry to hear that.听到那个消息我很难过。【考点练】()(2020毕节中考)Jacks uncle has got the COVID-19.Now he is in hospital._.A.It doesnt matterB.Thats all rightC.Im sorry to hear that D.Be careful next timeC()(2020扬州中考)Mum,I read a book about wild animals today.Some of them are in danger._.We shouldnt buy fur coats any more.A.Its a great pityB.It doesnt matterC.Never mindD.My pleasure A