高一外研版英语必修4同步课件 MODULE 2 TRAFFIC JAM 第3课时 GRAMMAR.ppt

1、1sign n.标记；符号；记号；征兆；迹象；征候He made a sign for me to follow him.他向我示意跟着他(走)。The sign by the road says“No Parking”路边的牌子上写着“禁止停车”。There are no signs of life about the house.这房子没有有人住的迹象。知识拓展make a sign to 对作暗号/打手势show a sign of 出现的样子或形迹；有的征兆sign away 签字让与；签字放弃sign in 签到；把的名字登记sign off 结束写信辨析：sign与marksign

2、与mark都含有“标记”；“征兆”的意思。1)sign系常用词，指“具有一定含义的任何有形或无形的符号或标志，它可以表示实物、表情、动作、文字、语言及任何痕迹或征兆”。There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口处有停车标志。2)mark指“为某一目的而有意作的标记”，也指“无意留下或自然形成的痕迹”。Suffering left its mark on his face.苦难的经历在他脸上留下了痕迹。高考直击(2009湖北)In our class,when the bell rang and the teacher closed his boo

3、k,it was a_for everyone to stand up.AsignalBchanceCmark Dmeasure解析：本题考查名词的词义辨析。singal“标志”；暗示的信号(物)；chance“机会”；mark“商标；分数”；measure“措施”。答案：A即学即用There are no_that there was a fight here.Amark BsignalCsign Dsigns答案：D2instruct v.教导；命令；通知They havent instructed us where to go.他们还未指示我们到何处去。知识拓展instruct sb.i

4、n sth.教授某人学某科目instruct sb.about sth.向某人下命令；指导He instructs our class in physics.他教我们班的物理课。知识拓展1)instruction n(对知识的)教授；传授；教导In this course,students receive instruction in basic engineering.在本课程中，学生能学到基础工程学的知识。2)instructions n.指示；命令；用法说明；操作指南She had instructions to be home by midnight.命令她午夜前必须回家。即学即用Yo

5、u should read the_in the car repair manual(手册)carefully before you start to work on it.Ainstruction BinstructionsCintroduction Dexplanations答案：B3blow v(blew,blown)1)吹；吹动The wind has blown my hat off.风把我的帽子刮走了。2)吹奏；响起The horn blew.号角吹响了。知识拓展blow off 减轻；释放(压力)；放走blow out(被一阵风)吹灭blow over(一阵)过去；(风波)平息高

6、考直击(2008湖南)The trees_in the storm have been moved off the road.Abeing blown down Bblown downCblowing down Dto blow down解析：考查过去分词作定语。blown down为过去分词修饰the trees.The trees blown down in the storm相当于The trees which were blown down in the storm.答案：B4react v.反应How did your mother react to the news?你妈妈对这个消

7、息的反应怎么样？知识拓展1)相关词：reaction n.反应2)同义词：respond v.反应3)固定搭配：react against 反抗；反对react with发生化学反应react to 对作出反应Your praise will react on your students.你的表扬会影响到你的学生。即学即用用(to/on/against填空)(1)Plants react_light.(2)Certain acids react_metalsto cause chemical changes.(3)They reacted strongly_theunreasonable ru

8、les.答案：(1)to(2)on(3)against1not just(only).but also.不但而且Not only he but also you have read the book.不但他而且你也读过这本书。知识拓展1)not only.but also.连接两个并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则。2)not only.but also.连接两个并列分句时，not only分句用部分倒装语序，but also分句用正常语序。Not only are you wrong but also he is wrong.不仅你错了，而且他也错了。注 意：not only.b

9、ut also.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not.but.连接两个并列主语时，用法一样，谓语动词形式按就近原则。Are either you or he going to Beijing tomorrow?是你或他明天要去北京吗？辨析：as well as;not only.but also;rather thanas well as强调其前面的人或事物；not only.but also强调but also之后的人或事物；rather than表示“而非”，连接两个主语时动词要注意就近原则。He was sensible as well as kind.他既善良又明智

10、。He gave not only advice but also some books.他不仅给我提了建议，而且还给了我一些书。She rather than I am interested in the novelShe,not I,is interested in the novelShe instead of me is interested in the novel.她对这部小说感兴趣，而我则不感兴趣。高考直击(2009全国)The computer was used in teaching.As a result,not only_，but students became more

11、 interested in the lessons.Asaved was teachers energyBwas teachers energy savedCteachers energy was savedDwas saved teachers energy解析：句意为“计算机应用于教学。结果，不仅教师节 省 能 量，而 且 学 生 对 课 程 更 感 兴 趣。”考 查“not only.but also.”结构，not only放在句首作状语，句子需要部分倒装。not only 后句子倒装，but aslo后句子不倒装。答案：B即学即用Not only_to us the importa

12、nce of doing the work but they also told us the best way to do it.Adid they explain Bthey explainedCthey explain Dhad they explained答案：A2as a result 结果是；作为结果He had a road accident.As a result，he had to stay in hospital for a whole month.他出了一次车祸，结果只得在医院里躺了整整一个月。知识拓展1)as a/the result ofbecause of;owin

13、g to;thanks to由于；作为的结果She died as a/the result of her injuries.她由于受伤而死亡。2)result form因而发生；随产生The accident resulted from his carelessness.这场事故是由他的粗心引起的。3)result in 造成；导致His carelessness resulted in the accident.他的粗心导致了这场事故。高考直击(2009全国)Jenny nearly missed the flight_doing too much shopping.Aas a resul

14、t of Bon top ofCin front of Din need of解析：本题题意：由于购物过度，珍妮差一点错过了航班。as a/the result of表示“作为的结果；因为”。答案：A即学即用Rose was wild with joy_the result of the examination.Ato BatCby Das答案：BThey should close the city centre to all traffic except buses and bikes,and build large car parks outside the town.他们应该关闭中心的交

15、通，只对公共汽车和自行车开放，并且在城外建立大型停车场。except prep.used to introduce the only thing or person in a group about which a statement is not true 除之外We know nothing about him except that he is from Australia.对于他，我们除了知道他来自于澳大利亚外，其他的一无所知。We all went to have the picnic except Emma.除了埃玛我们大家都去野炊了。辨析：besides,except,excep

16、t for,except that1)besides意为“除了之外(还有)”，有肯定的附加意义，即表示“在之外，还另有”。All of us passe the English exam besides Alice.除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家也都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝及格了，我们大家也及格了。)2)except意为“除之外(不包括本身在内)”，有否定和排除的含义，表示从整体中除去一部分，着重在“不包括”的含义上。All of us passed the English exam except Alice.除了艾丽丝之外，我们大家都通过了英语考试。(艾丽丝没有及格)3)besides和excep

17、t必须是同类人或物相加减，在否定句中两者可互换。John has no other electric trains except/besides this one.除了这列电动火车外，约翰没有别的电动火车了。4)except for没有项目类别的明显限制，强调整体与部分的局部关系。The translation is well done except for a few small mistakes.除了几处小错误之外，翻译练习做得很好。5)except that用来表示理由或细节，修正前面所说的情况，其后接从句可以与except for互换。Your article is quite goo

18、d except that there are several spelling mistakes.Your article is quite good except for several spelling mistakes.你的文章很好，只是有几处拼写错误。一言辨异We all went there except him last time.This time well all go besides him.上次除了他没去外，我们都去了。这次除他去以外，我们也都去那里。提示：1)except/but作“除了”讲时，其前如果出现do的某种形式，其后用不带to的不定式，否则不定式符号to不不能

19、省略。We had nothing to do except/but listen to MP3 to kill time.我们无事可做，只好听MP3来消磨时间。We have no choice except to read more books to make us learned.我们除了多读书使我们有学识外，别无选择。2)as well as作“除了”讲时，相当于besides，而apart from与besides和except可互换使用。即学即用Some people choose jobs for other reasons_money these days.Afor Bexce

20、ptCbesides Dwith答案：C祈使句1定义祈使句是英语的基本句型之一，表达说话人对对方的叮嘱、劝告、请求或命令等，往往有表示请求、命令、希望、禁止、劝告等意思。祈使句一般没有主语，实际上是省略了主语“you”。句末用感叹号或句号，用降调朗读。肯定结构都以动词原形开头。Catch the ball!接球！(句子的意思是让“你”接球)Go and ask the teacher.去问问老师。(句子的意思是让“你”去问老师)Put the books in your bag.把书放到书包里。Come and meet my family.来看看我家人。2句型1)祈使句的肯定句式有三种形式：

21、(1)Do型(以行为动词原形开头)。Sit down！坐下！Stand up!起立！(2)Be型(以be开头)。Be quiet!安静！(3)Let型(以let开头)。Let me help you.让我来帮助你。注意：三种句型Do型是最常见、最简单的一种结构。表示请求、劝告的祈使句还常常在句前或句末加上please，构成句式：Please.或.please。从而使语气更加缓和或客气。Please stand up.或Stand up,please.请站起来。Please have a rest.或Have a rest,please.请休息一下。2)祈使句的否定结构是以“Dont动词原形”开

22、头。Dont go there,please.请别去那儿。注意：Lets型祈使句，其否定式也可用Lets not.Lets not have a rest.咱们别休息了。Lets not sit here!我们不要坐在这儿！3)反意疑问形式如以下几种：(1)当肯定祈使句表示请求语气时，用will you。Open the door,will you?打开门，好吗？(2)当肯定祈使句表示征求某人意见或邀请语气时，用wont you。Come to dinner with me,wont you?与我一起吃饭，可以吗？(3)否定祈使句用will you。Dont open the window,w

23、ill you?不要开窗子，好吗？(4)Lets 开头的祈使句，用shall we。Lets go shopping together,shall we?我们一起去购物，好吗？(5)Let us开头的祈使句，用will you。Let us go swimming,Mum,will you?妈妈，让我们去游泳，行吗？知识拓展1)含let的祈使句。它们的结构是“Let/Let sb.动词原形”。Let me have a try.让我试一试。Lets go swimming.让我们去游泳吧。辨析：lets与let us(1)lets包括听话人，但let us不包括听话人在内。Lets go ho

24、me.我们回家吧。(说话人主动提议双方共同去做某事)Let us go.让我们走吧。(请对方允许自己做某事，不包括听话人)(2)它们的反意疑问句形式不同。Lets go to the cinema tonight,shall we?Let us do it ourselves,will you?2)带主语的祈使句为了强调主语，指明向谁提出请求或命令，或大人对小孩说话，或表示说话人发怒、不高兴、急躁、厌烦等感情色彩时常使用带主语的祈使句。You come with me.你跟我来。You mind your own business!少管闲事！3)No名词或动名词(是日常生活中常见的警示语)No

25、 photos!禁止拍照！No smoking!禁止吸烟！4)加强祈使句语气的方式：在谓语前加do。Do come here on time.千万要按时来。Do be quiet!务必保持安静！高考直击(1)(2010四川卷，19)If you have a job,_ yourself to it and finally youll succeed.Ado devote Bdont devoteCdevoting Dnot devoting解析：句意：如果你有份工作，一定要全力以赴地去做，最终你就会成功的。if引导的应是条件状语从句，所填处应是完整的句子，应用动词原形构成祈使句，从而产生“祈使句and句子”的结构。由句意知，应是肯定式的祈使句。答案：A(2)(2008湖 南)_the website of the Fire Department in your city,and you will learn a lot about firefighting.AHaving searched BTo searchCSearching DSearch解析：考查祈使句。“祈使句and/or句子”为一固定结构。答案：D