外研版高一上学期英语语法讲解非谓语动词无答案.doc

1、非谓语动词所谓非谓语动词，顾名思义也就是不能单独用作谓语的动词（但与助动词结合可构成“进行时态、系表结构、完成时态、被动语态等谓语形式”），非谓语动词在英语句子结构中用法非常广泛、灵活，可充当主语、表语、宾语、补语、定语、状语等。现在笔者向同学们作分类介绍：动词不定式一、 不定式作主语1. 一般置于句首：To see one time is better than to hear one hundred times.2. 常见用it代替它作形式主语，而把不定式或不定式结构移到句尾： Its our duty to serve the people3. 在含有不定式作主语的疑问句或感叹句中，一般

2、只用it作形式主语。常见：Is it a good idea to plant some flowers there？不可以说：*Is to plant some flowers there a good idea？二、 不定式作表语连系动词be，seem，appear，get，remain等常用不定式作表语，如果主语部分有实义动词do时，表语常可用不带to的不定式。例如：My idea is to have a trip on SundayThe only thing I can do now is wait at home.三、 不定式作动词宾语1. 动词不定式：The girl aske

3、d to see the headmaster常见的跟带to的不定式结构作宾语的动词有：agree，aim，arrange，ask，choose，decide， demand，pretend，expect，hope，learn，long，manage，offer，pretend，promise，refuse，wish，want，hate等。但help后的不定式常可省掉的，如： They helped（to）do the cleaning this morning.2. 动词十疑问词（why除外）不定式：We must find out what to do next. 常见能跟“疑问词十不定式

4、”结构作宾语的动词有：decide，find out，forget，know，learn， remember，see，think，understand，wonder等。3. 形式宾语it十宾语补足语十不定式 I felt it my duty to report it to the headmaster 有时也用：形式宾语it宾语补足语for名词不定式： All these noises made it impossible for me to go on with the work. 后接以上结构的常用动词有：feel，find，make，think，count等。四、 不定式作介词宾语 一

5、般说来，不定式不用作介词宾语。但在以下两种情况则可以。1. 在介词butexcept之后接不定式作宾语。如果butexcept前有实义动词do，butexcept 后的不定式通常不带to；如果butexcept前没有实义动词do，butexcept后的不定式般要带to。试比较：They could do nothing but wait for the teacher to arrive.He seldom comes except to ask for help.2. 介词疑问词（why除外）带to的不定式They are talking about where to spend their

6、 holiday.Everyone has his own idea of how to do it.五、 不定式作宾语补足语 这类结构常见的有：1. 动词宾语带to的不定式 They warned us not to go out at night.后接“宾语带to的不定式”的动词常见的有：advise，allow，ask，command，encourage， forbid，force，invite，require，order，persuade，cause，call on，wait for，show, how，teachteach how，telltell how等。2. 动词十宾语不带to

7、的不定式：Did you notice anyone take away my raincoat？后接“宾语十不带to的不定式”的动词常见的有：feel，see，hear，let，have，make，watch，listen to, notice，observe等。注意：1) feel十宾语to be的不定式时， to不可省略。2) let变为被动态，而后面要接to的不定式时，to可保留也可省略。3) have，notice，watch不用于被动语态。 4) see，hear，make，listen to, notice，observe变为被动态时，后面须要改接带to的不定式： That ma

8、de us wait for five years. We were made to wait for five hours.六、 不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之后，往往表示将要发生的行为。I have no wish to become a sailor.1. 不定式与所修饰的名词之间的逻辑关系1) 动宾关系： Do you have anything else to say？ （anything是to say的逻辑宾语）I have a lot of things to do. (to do与a lot of things之间存在逻辑动宾关系。)2) 说明修饰的名词的

9、内容： She has a wish to go back to her home village.（不定式说明wish的具体内容）3) 主谓关系： The next man to come is Mr.Green（the next man是to come的逻辑主语）2. “不及物动词不定式介词”作后置定语如果作定语的不定式是一个不及物动词，有时需要加上一个适当的介词才能同所修 饰的名词发生联系： They had no house to live in There is nothing （for us） to worry about. 当不定式修饰time，place或way时，后面一般都省

10、掉介词，例如： They had no place to live.（一般不加in） There is still plenty of time to finish the work. This is the way to wash my teeth3. 不定式用在the first，the second以及the last，the only等后，或用在最高级后作定语。 He loves parties； He is always the first to come and the last to leave.She was the last one to hand in her paper七

11、、 不定式作状语1. 表示目的： He was running to catch the bus. 不定式作目的状语时，前后常加in order或so as。如： He came here in order to learn from you. I went early so as not to miss the train.注意：to或in order to引起的状语可放在句首或句尾：而so as to引起的状语只能放在句中或句尾。2. 表示结果： They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. 不定式作结果状语时，常与以下结构搭配

12、：1) soas to “如此以致” Would you be so kind as to lend me your dictionary？2) suchas to“如此以致” He is such a fool as to think that hell be a king.3) enough to “足以” This sea fish looks almost good enough to eat. He didnt jump high enough to win a prize.4) tooto “太而不（以致不）” He was too young to understand all

13、that. 但要注意，在以下句子中的tooto并无否定意义：不定式也不表示结果： I shall be only too pleased to get home（only too =very） They were too anxious to leave. （toovery） Its too kind of you to have told me that.（不定式作主语） You are too ready to quarrel with others.（不定式作ready的状语）5) 不定式前用only表示不愿得到的或出乎意料的结果。试比较 He went to the Internet

14、bar to see his friend.（表目的） He went to the Internet bar only to see his teacher.（表结果）3. 表示原因： We jumped with joy to hear the news.从上可看出，表示目的、结果、原因的不定式结构形式相似，区别在于词汇意思不同，试比较：The woman wept to obtain sympathy.（目的：为获得同情）The woman wept to become all tears.（结果：泪流满面） The woman wept to hear the bad news.（原因

15、：因闻此坏消息）八、 不定式的复合结构1. for名词或代词宾格带to的不定式 如果不定式结构的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，可以用for引起的短语来表示：It will be a mistake for us not to help them。Wed better find some work for the students to do2. of名词或代词带to的不定式 在it作先行词的句中，如果表语是形容词，而这个形容词又用来表不定式逻辑主语 的人或动物的性格特征或行为表现等，这时，不定式的逻辑主语常用of引起的短语表示： Its kind of you to think so much of

16、 us. （=You are so kind to think so much of us.）常见能用于这类结构的形容词有：brave，clever，cruel，foolish，good，honest，horrible，kind，Lazy，nice，polite，rude，selfish，silly，stupid，wise等。九、 不定式的否定式在不定式前面加not，never等构成其否定式，如果该不定式前不带to，则直接在动词原 形前面加not，never等。例如：They got up early so as not to miss the early busThey decided no

17、t to accept their invitation.Youd better not go to the party tonight. They are believed not to have done such a thing. 十、 不定式的完成式 1. 形式：（以do为例）to have done（主动形式），to have been done（被动形式）；2. 用法：不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，常用不定式的完成式： He is said to have written a new book about Europe. 不定式的完成式主要用于以下几种情况：1)

18、 和seem，happen，appear，be said，be believed，be thought等连用，构成复合谓语： She seemed to have heard about it already2) 用在作表语的形容词glad，sorry，lucky等后面作状语：3) 用在pretend，expect，mean，would like等动词后面作宾语： I meant to have told you about it， but I forgot to do so.十一、 不定式的进行式1. 形式：（以do为例）to be doing2. 用法：如果谓语动词表示的动作（或情况）发生

19、时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式：He seems to be enjoying himself.不定式的进行式主要可以用于： 1) 构成复合谓语： They are said to be building another bridge across the river2) 在某些动词后构成复合宾语： We didnt expect you to be waiting for us here.3) 在某些动词后作宾语：You dont need to be worrying about her. She is safe at home.十二、 不定式的被动式1. 形式：（以

20、do为例）to be done（一般式），to have been done（完成式）；2. 用法：当不定式的逻辑主语是用不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动 形式： She asked to be sent to work in the country这种形式可以用来做主语、宾语、定语、状语，并可构成复合宾语或复合谓语。但须注意的是，在某些结构中不定式虽然表示被动的含义，用的却是主动形式： We still have many difficulties to smooth away They found the sentence hard to understand.在以上句子中

21、，虽然不定式与最近的名词（代词）有动宾关系，但与句子中另一个名词（代词）却可能有主谓关系，运或许是用主动形式的原因。如果不存在这种主谓关系，这不定式仍常用被动式： Let me show you the room to be used as teachers reading room.巩固训练1. The girl seemed very interested in watching me _ the experiment.A. to doB. doC. in doingD. for doing2. We wish you _ how disappointed we were when we

22、heard the news.A. realizeB . realizingC. to realizeD. will realize3. What _ you to make such a decision?A. madeB. letC. hadD. caused4. Bobs par4ents want Bob _ all the rules at school.A. obeyB. to obeyC. obeyingD. will obey5. many parents closed their children _own decisions.A. to make theirB. makin

23、g theC. made theirD. will make their6. Will you attend the meeting _ next month?A. to holdB. being heldC. to be heldD. will be held7. We wont _ him be treated in that way.A. makeB. permitC. haveD. let8. We didnt expect ct you _ for us here.A. waitingB. to be waitingC. to have waitedD. waited9. He is

24、 believed_ a new book.A. having already writtenB. already writingC. to write alreadyD. to have already written10. Most of the officials think the best man _ the position is Professor Johnson.A. holdingB. to holdC. having heldD. will hold11. It is important _ to turn off the light when you leave the

25、room.A. rememberB . to rememberC. of rememberingD. remembering12. It is great honor _ present at this meeting.A. for us to beB. for us toC. of us to b eD. for your being13. Its kind _ so much of us.A. for you to thinkB. for you thinkingC. of you to thinkD. of you thinking14. What I would suggest is _ the job right away.A. to startB. startsC. of staringD. for staring15. Its a new dictionary, he seems _ this book the other day.A. to buyB. buying C. to have bought D. to have been bought