2021-2022学年新教材外研版英语选择性必修第一册学案：UNIT 5 REVEALING NATURE 预习 新知早知道1 WORD版含答案.doc

1、.匹配词义a单词匹配()1.disgraceAv.进化()2.geologistBn.雀科鸣禽()3.evolveCn. the loss of other peoples respect()4.finchDn.鸟嘴，喙()5.beak En. a scientist who studies geology答案15CEABDb短语匹配()1.answer the callA是耻辱，是丢脸的事()e to existB讨论(议论)中的()3.be a disgraceC存在()4.in questionD适应()5.adapt toE响应号召答案15ECABD.默写单词1distant adj.

2、遥远的2sample n. 样本3suspect v. 猜想，怀疑，觉得4ancestor n. (动物的)原种，祖先5seed n. 种子，籽6generate v. 产生，创造.语境填空generate，geologist，seed，beak，evolve，disgrace，sample，suspect，distant，ancestor1A seed cant decide whether to become a tree or food for a bird.2Li Lei thinks it is a disgrace for him to lie to his parents.3Hi

3、s grandfather works as a geologist，who always deals with rocks and soils in the open air.4The scientist collected some insects and plants as samples in the mountain for his study.5Thanks to Chinese peoples hard work，China has evolved into a large economy(经济体)6Now，I suspect someone may have come into

4、 this room and taken away something important.7Smoking may generate longterm stresseven if people feel it offers temporary relief.8To many people，technology means computers，or vehicles that travel to distant planets.9A duck has a smaller body，with a flat beak，a short neck.10The direct ancestor of th

5、e modern cat was the Kaffir cat of ancient Egypt.语法填空之派生词1In the course of evolution (evolve)，some birds have lost the power of flight.2It is environmentfriendly to choose the generation(generate) of electricity by water power.3It is normal that people like to eat seedless(seed) grapes.4He was rushe

6、d to hospital with a suspected (suspect) heart attack.1The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would“profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。2The person who answered the call was not the captains first choice.来应

7、聘的人不是船长的首选。3The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist.所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家4Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor.达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来词语助读profit v获益；获利distant adj.遥远的degree n学位whats more再者disgrace n丢脸，耻辱despite prep.尽管lead to导致

8、；通向scientific adj.科学的discovery n发现1句中的predicting.是现在分词作定语，修饰a letter。Charles Darwin查尔斯达尔文(1809年2月12日至1882年4月19日)，英国生物学家，进化论的奠基人。出版物种起源。geologist n地质学家naturalist n博物学家fascinate v入迷be fascinated by对入迷living adj.活的be crowded with挤满sample n样本come to exist存在at the same time同时be similar to和相似evolve v进化ada

9、pt to适应inspire v激励；鼓舞evidence n证据；根据Galpagos Islands加拉帕戈斯群岛，是厄瓜多尔位于太平洋、距陆地本土1 200公里的一个省，由十几个火山岩岛屿组成，人口不足2万。a variety of多种多样的according to根据，按照available adj.可利用的，可得到的2句中的what引导宾语从句，作介词to的宾语。suspect v猜想，怀疑，觉得3that引导宾语从句，which引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词a common ancestor。completely adv.完全地shocked adj.感到震惊的shocking

10、adj.令人震惊的convincing adj.令人信服的4so.that.如此以至于；that引导结果状语从句。be regarded as被认为是原文呈现A Journey of Discovery1The captain of the ship，the Beagle，wanted someone who would “profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known”The person who answered the call was not the captains first choi

11、ce.It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree.Whats more，he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be “a disgrace to yourself and all your family”1Despite all this，his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important s

12、cientific discoveries of all time.2The young man in question，Charles Darwin，was a geologist and naturalist，fascinated by rocks，plants and animals.He left England on the ship，the Beagle，in 1831.The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments.After Darwin h

13、ad spent some time in South America，his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected.As he studied these，he asked himself the question：how did different species come to exist？3At that time，people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time

14、，and had not changed since.But Darwin began to think differently.He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other.Maybe animals evolved as they adapted totheir changing environments？It was just an idea，but enough to inspireDarwin to look for more evidence.4When the Beagle reac

15、hed the Galpagos Islands in 1835，Darwin saw a variety of new species，but it was the birds that interested him the most.Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands.It seemed their beaks had evolved according to what food was available on that particular islan

16、d.25Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor，which had arrived on the islands a long time before.3Over time，it had slowly evolved into many new species.And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist：they evolved from earlier ancestors.6It w

17、as a completely new ideaa theory of evolution.Darwin explained this theory in his book，On the Origin of Species.It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm.Many people refused to believe that living things，including humans，had evolved from lower forms of life.They were shocked.But

18、 Darwins scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory.47Today，On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written.It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever.And it all began with the journey on the Beagle.译文参考发现之

19、旅1“贝格尔号”船长需要招聘一个人，此人能“有机会访问遥远而鲜为人知的国家并从中受益”。来应聘的人不是船长的首选。他是一个年轻人，没有完成学位课程就离开了医学院。更有甚者，他最近收到了父亲的一封信，信中预言他将是“他和全家的耻辱”。尽管如此，他在这艘船上的冒险经历将导致有史以来最重要的科学发现之一。2所提到的那位年轻人叫查尔斯达尔文，是一位地质学家和博物学家，对岩石、植物和动物都着迷。1831年，他乘“贝格尔号”离开英国。这次旅行使他有机会研究自然环境中的各种生物。达尔文在南美洲待了一段时间后，他船上的房间里塞满了他收集的动植物样本。当他研究这些样本的时候，他问了自己这个问题：不同物种是如何存

20、在的？3当时，人们认为地球上所有的物种都是同时出现的，并且从出现以来就没有过变化。但达尔文开始有不同的想法。他注意到有些动物彼此非常相似。也许动物是随着适应环境的变化而进化的？这只是一个想法，但足以激励达尔文去寻找更多的证据。41835年，当“贝格尔号”到达加拉帕戈斯群岛时，达尔文看到了许多新物种，但最令他感兴趣的是鸟类。达尔文注意到每一个岛上的雀科小鸟都不相同。它们的喙似乎是根据那个岛上的食物进化的。5达尔文认为这些雀科小鸟是从一个共同的祖先进化而来，这个祖先很久以前就来到了这些岛屿。随着时间的推移，它慢慢进化成许多新物种。这就是怎么有动植物的新物种存在的答案：它们是从早期祖先进化而来。6这是一个全新的观点进化论。达尔文在他的物种起源一书中解释了这一理论。该书直到1859年才出版，并立即引起了一场风暴。许多人拒绝相信包括人类在内的生物都是从较低级的生命形式进化而来。他们很震惊。但是达尔文的科学研究非常令人信服，结果越来越多的人开始相信他的理论。7今天，物种起源被认为是有史以来人们所写出的最重要的著作之一。它永远改变了人们对地球上生命的看法。而这一切都是从“贝格尔号”的旅程开始的。