2020_2021学年高中英语Module4GreatScientistsIntroduction.doc

1、Module 4 Great ScientistsIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary. 单句语法填空1. The oil producer(produce) promised that the oil production(produce) would increase by 20% compared with that of last year. 2. Large quantities of food have been sent (send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far. 【知识拓

2、展】现在完成时的时间状语标志(1)现在完成时可与表示过去不确定时间的时间状语连用, 如already, yet, just, before等副词时间状语。(2)现在完成时可以与包括“现在”在内的表示一段时间的时间状语连用, 如since. . . , for. . . , ever, never, recently/lately(最近), today, this week (year), these days (weeks, years), in/during the last/past two years, so far/up to now/till now等。3. More and mor

3、e people realize that the most important thing is to reduce(reduce) pollution. 4. We cant figure out why quite a number of insects, birds and animals are dying out. 5. As far as I am concerned, I firmly think that people should be educated(educate). 【补偿训练】Most people hold the idea that education/ be

4、ing educated (educate)is helpful to their personal development. 6. The first thing he does is to finish(finish) his homework after school. 7. We are planning to replace the old machines with some new ones. 【方法技巧】过去完成时的被动语态(1)过去完成时的被动语态的结构: 主语+ had (not) been done +其他成分(2)过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况: 表示过去某一时间或

5、某一动作以前已经完成的动作, 常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。By the time he got to school, the first period had been finished. 在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中, 若表示过去某一被动动作时, 用过去完成时。8. The key to keeping(keep) this country a comfortable and clean place to live in is to control(control) industrial pollution. 9

6、. The company is the leading(lead) software provider in the domestic PC markets. . 选词填空in quantity, make a breakthrough, figure out, bring in, in support of, bring up, take the place of, lead to, be interested in; as a result of1. Young children should be brought up to be loyal and equal. 2. Jenney

7、nearly missed the flight as a result of doing too much shopping. 3. I have several part-time jobs, which bring in about 20, 000 yuan a year. 4. I cant figure out why he quit his job. 5. Its said that a cigarette end leads to the forest fire. 6. Goods produced in quantity are always cheap. 7. China m

8、ade a great breakthrough in the Han Dynasty in printing. 8. Its a pity that only a few people spoke in support of the proposal. 9. I will go to this meeting to take the place of you, if you are not free. 10. Unfortunately, fewer and fewer people are interested in reading. . 根据提示或要求完成句子1. Football an

9、d basketball are sports which/that are liked by most boys. 足球和篮球是大多数男生喜欢的运动。(定语从句)2. The person introduced to me at the party was a professor. 在晚会上介绍给我的那个人是一位教授。(过去分词短语作定语)3. The key to solving the problem is to get them to realize the importance of protecting the environment. 解决这一问题的关键是让他们意识到保护环境的重

10、要性。(不定式作表语)4. He learned English by listening to the radio. 他通过听收音机学习英语。(by+v. -ing)5. He said he had lost his bicycle which/ that he bought yesterday. 他说他丢了昨天买的自行车。(定语从句)单句改错1. They decided to support for the ban on hunting animals. (去掉for)2. Having a good eating habit with some exercise is the key

11、 of health. (of to)3. I am interested to what you have told me. (toin)4. Im afraid that the football match may be put off as the result of the heavy rain. (第二个the a)5. Though he was born and brought about in Australia, he can speak fluent Chinese. (about up)6. The soil that had been converted of gro

12、wing flowers was on its way out. (of to)7. We need to bring up a lot more new business to develop our economy. (up in)8. Lets go and figure on how much we have to pay for the project. (on out)9. This old fridge wastes too much energy so it will be replaced for a new one. (for with). 阅读理解AScientists

13、are studying different foods, and they will see which foods protect us from cancer (癌症), and which cause it. It is known that a healthy diet (饮食) will help keep a healthy body weight, which can also decrease the risk (风险) of many types of cancer. Fruit and vegetablesFruit and vegetables are an impor

14、tant part of a healthy diet. They can decrease the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer. They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and are an excellent source of fiber. Our adviceTry to get plenty of fruit and vegetables in your die

15、t. Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals, as the chemicals that give these foods their colors are good for you. MeatEating lots of red and processed meat can increase (增加) your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh an

16、d frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer. Our adviceEat smaller and fewer parts of red and processed meat. Try using beans or peas instead of meat in your diet. When you cook meat, use low-t

17、emperature methods. FatFat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases. Meat is higher in saturated fat (饱和脂肪) and eating too much saturated fat may increase your risk of breast cancer. Our adviceTry not to eat too much fatty fo

18、ods. In particular, try to cut down on saturated fat contained in fatty meat, biscuits, and butter. Try to avoid frying foods in lots of oil. 【文章大意】本文是一篇饮食健康类短文。健康的饮食可以保护我们远离癌症, 反之可能让我们容易患癌症。文章主要从水果和蔬菜、肉、脂肪三个方面告诉我们饮食中的注意点和建议。1. According to the passage, fruit and vegetables . A. are an excellent sou

19、rce of fiberB. will help you get all kinds of vitamins and mineralsC. are an only necessary part of a healthy dietD. can increase the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据文章第二段They are a good source of many important nutrients such as vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E,

20、and are an excellent source of fiber. 可知, 水果和蔬菜是纤维的极佳来源。2. What can we know about meat from the passage? A. Eating processed meat is better than eating beans. B. Processed meat is a part of a healthy diet. C. Meat should be cooked at a high temperature. D. Eating chicken is better than eating sausag

21、e. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据文章第四段可知, 吃加工肉类会增加患胃癌的风险, 而白肉, 比如鸡肉, 不太可能增加你患癌症的风险, 所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。3. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Saturated fat leads to breast cancer. B. Foods with fat will cause heart disease. C. A healthy diet should contain fat. D. Butter belongs to low-fat foods. 【解

22、析】选C。推理判断题。根据文章最后两段内容Fat is a necessary part of our diet but high-fat diet can increase our risk of cancer, heart disease and other diseases. 可知, 脂肪是我们饮食中必不可少的一部分, 所以推测出健康的饮食应该包含脂肪。【方法技巧】推理判断题的做法推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题, 做这类题目时, 同学们要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气, 找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句, 然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理

23、判断, 从而得出符合逻辑的结论。如小题2中就是根据文章第四段Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase your risk of stomach cancer. Red meat includes all fresh and frozen beef, pork and lamb. Processed meat includes ham, bacon and sausage. White meat, such as chicken, is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer. 可知, 吃加工肉

24、类会增加胃癌的风险, 而白肉, 比如鸡肉, 不太可能增加你患癌症的风险, 所以推断出吃鸡肉要比吃香肠更好。BA camera, a glove, a hand tool, even a toothbrush. . . they are all up there, above the clouds, going around and around the Earth. There are also thousands of pieces of metal and plastic. Some of them are only about the size of a fingernail. Many

25、 are much larger. Scientists consider all these objects to be space junk and they are a problem. Since people first launched rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. Much of the space junk is made up of little pieces of things that were once bigger objects, u

26、ntil they struck each other and broke apart. Sometimes larger pieces survive the extreme heat through the atmosphere and hit the ground or the ocean at great speeds. But space junk falling on housetops is not the biggest worry. Scientists are concerned about the Kessler syndrome. It is named after t

27、he American scientist who first thought of the idea in 1978. Imagine what happens when an empty rocket strikes another while orbiting the Earth. Two big things become many smaller things. They then hit other things. The pieces get smaller and smaller until they form a cloud of junk that may block th

28、e path of future space vehicles. Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher, suggested launching a satellite into space that would get very close to some of the larger pieces of space junk. The satellite would connect a small rocket to the useless object. When the rocket explodes, it push

29、es the junk into a lower and slower orbit, nearer the Earth. After a time, the junk burns up in the atmosphere. Scientists have been concerned about space junk for many years. Right now, the costs of the cleanup have been too great. Mr Castronuovo says his system could be put in place for a much mor

30、e reasonable amount of money. 【文章大意】本文介绍了太空垃圾及其危害, 还介绍了科学家正在研究清理太空垃圾的方法。4. What does the underlined part “space junk” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A. It refers to small pieces of things that were once bigger objects. B. It refers to objects that survived the extreme heat through the atmosphere. C. It re

31、fers to clouds that are made up of small objects in space. D. It refers to all kinds of objects that have been left behind in space. 【解析】选D。词义猜测题。从第一段和第二段中的“Since people first launched rockets into space in the 1950s, we have been leaving behind all sorts of things. ”可知, space junk指人类在太空活动中遗留在太空的所有的

32、物体, 即“太空垃圾”。5. Why do scientists consider the Kessler syndrome a big problem? A. Space junk clouds are likely to block the path of spacecraft. B. An empty rocket might strike a spacecraft orbiting the Earth. C. Space junk might fall onto the Earth, causing damage. D. Space junk becomes bigger and bi

33、gger before it is hard to get rid of. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。第三段介绍了Kessler综合征, 最后一句指出了其潜在的危险, 即垃圾云有可能会阻碍未来太空飞行器的轨道。6. What is mainly talked about in the passage? A. Smaller objects come together to form clouds of space junk. B. Human beings are responsible for space junk. C. Space junk is a big problem human

34、beings have to find ways to solve. D. An Italian researcher has found a good way to remove space junk. 【解析】选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知, 本文介绍了太空垃圾及其危害, 还介绍了科学家正在研究清理太空垃圾的方法。. 阅读填句 (2020惠州高一检测)Doing What You LoveWhat do you want to be when you grow up? 1 When asked the question, did you have an answer at the read

35、y, or did you need a few minutes to think about it? We all have dreams of becoming something great, like a fireman, a teacher, or a rock star. Well, how did you do? Maybe you never desire to be what you set out to be or said that you would become. 2 The older we get, our tastes change, our view of t

36、he world changes, even our goals change. One of the most important lessons Ive learned during my career path is to do something you love to do. I feel that if you enjoy what you make a living at, you end up being happy in more ways than one. 3 While no job or business is perfect, the important thing

37、 is to enjoy it, even learn from it. If you are unhappy in your current situation, why not take steps now to change it? 4 If you are already there, I applaud you. If not , realize that it may take some time to figure out what you really want to do, and even more time to actually get there. Thats all

38、 right! I can tell you from experience that finding and doing what you love are absolutely worth it. All of the research, training, and hands-on experience have made me a stronger, happier person. 5 Youll be happier for it. Trust me. I promise you will never look back. A. But then again, things chan

39、ge. B. Do what you love and love what you do. C. Life itself becomes much more interesting and fun. D. You must have met with such situation as a little child. E. Maybe you will find that the new job is more suitable for you. F. Somewhere out there is a job or business that is perfect for you. G. Im

40、 sure you were asked this question at least once when you were a youngster. 1. 【解析】选G。此空与上下句构成顺承关系, 并且“. . . you were asked this question. . . ”与下一句“When asked the question”构成同词复现关系。2. 【解析】 选A。上一句意思是“或许你从来没有渴望自己成为什么样的人或者你也没有说过你要成为什么样的人”, 下一句意思是“随着年龄增加, 我们的品味、世界观甚至目标都会发生变化”。选项A与上一句构成转折关系, 与下一句是举例关系,

41、“. . . our tastes change, our view of the world changes, even our goals change”是“things change”的具体表现。3. 【解析】选C。 此空与上一句是递进关系。上一句意为“我觉得如果你喜欢你的谋生手段, 你就会不只在一个而在很多方面变得快乐”, 这样, 生活本身也变得更有趣、开心。4. 【解析】选F。选项F “Somewhere out there is a job or business that is perfect for you”与下面两句“If you are already there”和“If

42、 not, . . . ”构成列举关系, 其中“Somewhere out ”与下一句的“there”构成指代关系。5. 【解析】选B。此空呼应文章题目, 也是全文的总结句。【阅读多维训练】根据阅读理解A完成下列习题1. 句式仿写Eating lots of red and processed meat can increase your risk of stomach cancer. 吃很多红肉和加工过的肉类可能增加患胃癌的风险。Swimming is a good sport in summer. 夏天游泳是一项很好的运动。2. 句式分析Eating fruit and vegetable

43、s with a variety of colors will help you get many kinds of vitamins and minerals, as the chemicals that give these foods their colors are good for you. 分析: 本句是主从复合句, 其中as引导原因状语从句, 该原因状语从句也是主从复合句, 含有that引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词the chemicals; 主句中Eating fruit and vegetables with a variety of colors是动名词短语作主语。译文:

44、吃各种颜色的水果蔬菜会帮助你获得多种维生素和矿物质, 因为使食物显示颜色的化学物质对你有好处。3. 文章结构分析ThemeThe effect of the diet to cancerPart 1(Para. 1): General introductionSome foods (1)protect us from cancer, but some cause it. A (2)healthy diet will help (3)decrease the risk of many types of (4)cancer. Part 2 (Paras. 27): The effects of d

45、ifferent foods to cancer and what we should do(5)Fruit and vegetables can decrease the risk of some cancer types like mouth and throat cancer. Eating lots of (6)red and processed meat can increase your risk of stomach cancer but (7)white meat is unlikely to increase your risk of cancer. High-fat diet can (8)increase our risk of cancer. So we should get (9)plenty of fruit and vegetables, eat less (10)red and processed meat and not eat too much fatty foods.