2020版高考英语大二轮专题复习新方略专练：专题一 阅读理解 细节理解专练（一）——直接信息类 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家细节理解专练(一)直接信息类A2019沈阳监测一 On average, primary school children in England have at least three sugary snacks a day, Public Health England (PHE) found. This means that the sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum. Children between the ages of 4 and 10 consume 5

2、1.2% of sugar from unhealthy snacks. PHE has launched a campaign, Change4Life, to encourage parents to look for healthier snacks of no more than 100 calories, and to limit them to two a day. The campaign advises parents to give their children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no mo

3、re than 100 calories. The campaign will also offer parents special suggestions on a range of healthier snacks ones with 100 calories or fewer at selected supermarkets, PHE said. PHE said it had also improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks. Dr Alis

4、on Tedstone told the BBC she hoped the campaign would help parents to choose healthier snacks for their children. “If you wander through a supermarket, you can see much more goods being sold as snacks than ever before，” she said, “Its a common phenomenon that kids lunchboxes are full of snacks, lead

5、ing to a lot of calories for lunch. Our research shows that parents usually appreciate a rule of thumb (经验法则). However, they are surprised to know how much sugar their children are consuming in snacks now.”Justine Roberts, founder of Mumsnet, said, “The intake (摄入量) of sugar that kids are getting fr

6、om snacks and sugary drinks alone is pretty astonishing, and it can often be difficult to distinguish which snacks are healthy and which are not. The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision correctly and wisely.”体裁：说明文题材：健康饮食主题：控制孩子的含糖零食【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。调查显示，英国小学生平均每天至少吃三份含

7、糖零食，这意味着这些孩子消耗的糖是推荐的最大量的三倍。对此，英国公共卫生部门发起了一项名为Change4Life的活动，鼓励父母们寻找健康零食，并将其限制在每天两份。【难句分析】This means that the sugar they consume is three times more than the recommended maximum. 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“that the sugar they consume. maximum”为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词means的宾语，其中“they consume”作the sugar的定语。译文：这意味着他们消耗的糖

8、是推荐的最大量的三倍。1In terms of snacks, the Change4Life recommends that children have at most _.Aone snack a day Bthree snacks a dayC100 calories a day D200 calories a day答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段第三句“The campaign advises parents to give their children a maximum of two snacks a day, with each containing no more th

9、an 100 calories”可知，该活动建议父母每天给孩子最多两份零食，每份 (所含热量) 不超过100卡路里的零食；据此可知，该项运动建议孩子每天最多消耗200卡路里的零食，故D项正确。2What can PHEs improved app help parents do?ATest the calories of snacks.BChoose delicious snacks.CKnow the exact content in snacks.DSave much money to buy snacks.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段第一句“PHE said it had al

10、so improved its app so that it could mark the content of sugar, salt and fat in food and drinks”可知，英国公共卫生部表示，他们还改进了自己的应用程序，以便能够标记食物和饮料中糖、盐和脂肪的含量；据此可知，PHE改进的应用程序能帮助父母了解零食的成分，故C项正确。3Which of the following can be inferred from Justine Roberts words?AMost parents former experience about snacks is practi

11、cal.BIt is easy to tell healthy snacks and unhealthy snacks apart.CChildren only take in lots of sugar from snacks and drinks.DChange4Life is meaningful for parents decisions on snacks.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据尾段Justine Roberts所说的话“The rule of thumb from Change4Life can help parents make their decision corre

12、ctly and wisely”可知，来自Change4Life的经验法则能帮助父母正确而明智地作出决定；由此可推知，Change4Life对父母在零食上作出的决定有意义，故D项正确。4What is the best title for the text?ASolve the Health Problems of ChildrenBChange the Eating Habits of ChildrenCLimit Childrens Intake of CaloriesDEnsure Childrens Healthy Lifestyle答案与解析：C考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介

13、绍了英国卫生部门发起的名为Change4Life的活动，以限制儿童的糖摄入量，故C项最适合作文章标题。B2019福建省质量检查 My neighbor Orlando is a paramedic (护理人员). He and his wife are some of the nicest people I have ever met. A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) his

14、driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor. Yesterday morning there was maybe 2 or 3 feet of snow on the ground and I remembered he shoveled my driveway for me last snowfall. So I took out my shovel and took care of both our sidewalks and dri

15、veways because it was my turn to do a favor back. It took a while but I finished and got into my car for work. What I didnt realize was that Orlando had to work that day too. Fast forward to this morning I got a knock on my door. It was him. He immediately shook my hand and informed me that because

16、I shoveled his driveway and sidewalk for him, he was able to get to work earlier. As soon as he started his shift, a call came through that a young boy was in a medical emergency. Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes. This kid di

17、d not have 10 minutes. He barely had 2 minutes. Because my neighbor got to work sooner, the young boy got to live his life. This isnt a brag (吹嘘). This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts. It wasnt too much of trouble to shovel his driveway for him, but bec

18、ause I did, the young kid got to see his family again, go back to school again, talk to his friends again and live his life.体裁：记叙文题材：人际关系主题：小善举，大作用【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。“我”和邻居Orlando总是互相帮助，这次下雪，“我”帮助他铲除了道路上的积雪，让他能很快去上班。一个等待急救的男孩在他的及时救治下摆脱了危险。“我”的善举救了孩子一命。【熟词生义】shift 常用义：v. 转移例句：The action of the novel shif

19、ts from Paris to London.小说情节从巴黎移到了伦敦。本句义：n.轮班例句：His father worked shifts in a steel mill.他的父亲在一家钢铁厂轮班工作。【难句分析】A few years back we started this sort of “favor war”， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) his driveway or helping him build a shed, and next time the othe

20、r would try to top it with another favor.分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“where one of us would do something for the other. with another favor”为where引导的定语从句，先行词为“favor war”， where在从句中作地点状语。译文：几年前我们开始这种“互助活动”，在活动中我们中的一个人会帮助另一个人做一些事情，如铲除他的车道上的积雪或帮助他建一个棚，下次对方会尽量用另一件事来更好地回报。5What can we know about the writer and Orlando?

21、AThey once had a conflict.BThey signed a favorable agreement.CThey favor shoveling snow together.DThey are always ready to help each other.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“A few years back we started this sort of favor war， where one of us would do something for the other, such as shoveling (铲) his driveway o

22、r helping him build a shed, and next time the other would try to top it with another favor”可知，几年前我们就开始这种“互相活动”，一个人帮助另一个人之后，下一次便由对方提供帮助；据此可知，作者和Orlando总是乐意互相帮助，故D项正确。6Who saved the boy before it was too late?AThe writer. BThe boys parents.COrlando and his wife. DOrlando and his partner.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。

23、根据第三段第五句“Luckily he and his partner were only about 2 minutes away, but the next closest ambulance was in 10 minutes”，并结合该段内容可知，Orlando和他的搭档离医院只有大约两分钟的车程，他们很快上班挽救了男孩的生命，故D项正确。7What does the writer intend to tell us?ANever ask for trouble.BNo favor is too small.COne cannot always be lucky.DDont lose

24、heart in an emergency.答案与解析：B考查写作意图。通读全文，尤其是尾段第二句“This is to inform others that even the smallest favors can have the biggest impacts”可知，本文是为了告诉读者，即使是最小的帮助也能产生最大的影响，故B项正确。C2019武汉四月调研 While elephants born without tusks (长牙) are not unheard of, they normally form just 2 to 6 percent of the population.

25、 However, that is not the case at Mozambiques Gorongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. While that may appear to be just a coincidence, Joyce Poole, an elephant behavior expert, has another theory. The re

26、searcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory. Poole says before the countrys 15yearlong conflict, the park was home to over 4,000 elephants. However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of the

27、m had been killed for ivory to get money. Of the less than 200 survivors, over 50 percent of adult females had no tusks. Therefore, it is not surprising that the parks tuskless elephant population has grown greatly. This is not the first time researchers have observed a great change in the populatio

28、n of elephants. At Zambias South Luangwa National Park and Lupande Game Management Area, areas which were heavily hunted in the 1970s and 1980s, 35% of elephants 25 years old or older and 13%of those younger than 25 are now without tusks. A 2008 study published in the African Journal of Ecology foun

29、d that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory. The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should help get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting. However,

30、scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the_trend.体裁：说明文题材：人与自然主题：没有长牙的大象【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。在1992年，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙，大象行为专家认为，这是人们为了获得珍贵的象牙，而对大象进行持续不断的猎杀而造成的非自然的进化。【难句分析】However, that is not the case at Mozambiques G

31、orongosa National Park, where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless. 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中“where an astonishing 33 percent of female elephants born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992 are tuskless”为where引导的定语从句，修饰先行词“Mozambiques Goro

32、ngosa National Park”；其中“born after the countrys conflict ended in 1992”为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰名词“female elephants”。 译文：然而，这在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园并非如此。在那里，令人惊讶的是，在1992年国家冲突结束后，有33%的雌象出生时就没有长牙。8What is the probable cause of the phenomenon mentioned in Paragraph 1?AIllegal hunting. BConstant farming.CA pure coinc

33、idence. DNatural evolution.答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The researcher thinks we may be witnessing unnatural evolution of the species due to the constant hunting of elephants for valuable ivory”可知，这位研究人员认为，由于持续不断地猎杀大象以获取珍贵的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化。据此可知，第一段中提到的现象的可能原因是非法猎杀大象，故A项正确。9Why did people kill so many e

34、lephants during the conflict in Mozambique?ATo get money by selling ivory.BTo develop new decorations.CTo provide food for local people.DTo make ivory products.答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段第二句“However, by the time the conflict ended in 1992, about 90 percent of them had been killed for ivory to get money”可知，人

35、们猎杀大象是为了通过销售象牙来获得钱，故A项正确。10Which of the following had the earliest record on tuskless elephants?AGorongosa National Park.BSouth Luangwa National Park.CRuaha National Park.DLupande Game Management Area.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句可知，在莫桑比克的Gorongosa国家公园，在1992年，有33%的雌象出生时无长牙；根据第三段尾句“A 2008 study published i

36、n the African Journal of Ecology found that the number of tuskless females at the Ruaha National Park in Tanzania went from 10.5 percent in 1969 to almost 40 percent in 1989, largely due to illegal hunting for ivory”可知，Ruaha国家公园在1969年有10.5%的无长牙雌象，到1989年时，有大约40%的无长牙雌象；据此可知，Ruaha国家公园是最早记录无长牙雌象的地区，故C项正

37、确。11What does the underlined phrase “the trend” in the last paragraph refer to?AElephants facing greater danger.BElephants growing more slowly.CFewer female elephants staying alive.DMore female elephants being tuskless.答案与解析：D考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句“The recent ban on ivory in both the US and China should hel

38、p get rid of, or at least reduce, elephant hunting”可知，最近美国和中国都颁布了象牙禁令，这应该有助于消除或至少减少对大象的猎杀；结合该段第二句“However, scientists are not sure how long it will take for elephants with a higher rate of tuskless females, to change the trend”可知，科学家们并不确定对拥有较高比例无长牙雌象的大象们来说需要多长时间才能改变这种趋势。据此可推知，画线词指代“更多的雌象没有长牙”这一趋势，故D项正确。- 8 - 版权所有高考资源网