2020-2021学年通用版高二英语寒假题型增分精析:专题04阅读理解之议论文和夹叙夹议文 WORD版含解析.doc
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1、04阅读理解之议论文/夹叙夹议文序号内容Passage 1不同文化中沉默的不同含义Passage 2文章主要探讨了人们去旅行的意义Passage 3研究人们如何对待像真人一样的机器人。Passage 4环保怀疑主义者拒绝承认人类行为对环境的严重威胁。Passage 5以社交媒体呈现故事的形式,说明不要让任何事情阻挡实现梦想的道路。Passage 6因商店里无人化的机器操作让生活缺少温暖和爱,呼吁人们要认识到人比机器更重要。Passage1The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups. Silences may be thoughtful
2、, or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say. A silence in conversation may also show stubbornness, uneasiness, or worry. Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable; therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap(间隙)with conversation. Persons in other cultu
3、ral groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a persons needs.Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people, just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do. Therefore, when a person one of these cultures is speaking and sudd
4、enly stops, what may be implied(暗示)is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing. In these cultures, silence is a call for reflection.Other cultures may use silence in other ways, particularly when dealing with different conflicts among people or in relations
5、hips of people with different amounts of power. For example, Russian, French, and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion. However, Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that per
6、son by arguing with him or her. In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect, particularly to an elder or a person in authority.Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their
7、patients may be experiencing. Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patients silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily. A nurse who understands the healing(治愈)value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the
8、 care of patients from their own and from other cultures.1What does the author say about silence in conversations?AIt is content-based.BIt develops friendship.CIt implies anger.DIt is culture-specific.2Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?AThe French.BThe
9、Mexicans.CThe Russians.DThe Chinese.3What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?AMake use of its healing effects.BLet it continue as the patient pleases.CBreak it while treating patients.DEvaluate(评估)its harm to patients.4What may be the best title for the text?ASound and Silence.BWhat I
10、t Means to Be Silent.CSilence to Native Americans.DSpeech Is Silver, Silence Is Gold.Passage2People enjoy taking trips. But what are reasons they leave home? One reason is for education. People travel because the want to broaden their horizon(视野) to learn about other people and other cultures. When
11、people are on a trip, they get a quick look at different ways of living. Even a short look at another kind of lifestyle is an important lesson. When travelling, a person can learn directly by visiting museums and historic spots(景点). What does a tourist learn who sees the arts museums, visit the hist
12、orical places and other scenic spots in Paris and shops along the River Seine? He learns about their attitudes and how they feel about business, beauty and history.What about the traveler who goes to Hong Kong? Does he get the same information that he could get from a book? He might read that Hong K
13、ong is a crowed that there is less than 200 square meters of space for each person. But seeing and feeling the lack of space will impress him much more.He might read that there are nearly 200 vehicles(交通工具) for every kilometer of roadway. But the sight of so many vehicles parked along the roadside w
14、ould be a much more vivid lesson. The traveler to Hong Kong will never forget the contrast(对比): the straight vertical(垂直的) lines of tall modern buildings and the moving lines of boat that people live in.5Why do people leave home to travel according to the passage?AFor education.BFor adventure.CTo en
15、joy themselvesDTo look for a different lifestyle.6What do we learn from the passage about Paris?AIt has a large populationBIt has many towering buildingCThere are 200 vehicles for every kilometer of roadwayDThere are many museums and palaces.7What impression will a traveler get of Hong Kong?AIt has
16、many big and beautiful parks.BIt is a city of contrast.CIt has many historical sites.DIt is an important industrial center.8What does the passage tell us about travelling?AIt makes our life more interesting.BIt enables us to get first-hand knowledge.CIt helps develop our personalities.DIt brings abo
17、ut changes in our lifestyles.Passage3Nao, a small robot, looks like a person. If Nao begged you not to shut it off, what would you do?Scientists did a study to see how people treat robots that act like people. Eighty-nine people volunteered for the study. They were asked to help to improve Naos soci
18、al skills by finishing two tasks with it.The tasks with the robot didnt matter, though. What the scientists really wanted to see was how the participants reacted once the tasks were over. They were asked to talk with Nao and finally shut Nao off but it was not easy to do. Some people did not want to
19、 turn the robot off while others took a long time to do it.People often communicate with non-human objects such as TVs and computers nowadays. But robots seem more like humans. Robots can show social characters themselves, like speaking with human voices or taking the shape of a human body. Scientis
20、ts said people might have seen Naos cries as a sign of independent thought. In turn, this could have led people to see the robot as having the human-like character.For thousands of years,humans lived in a world where they were the only ones who could have conversations. Our brains learned to react t
21、o social situations in a certain way. But our brains are not used to telling the difference between real people and fake people. The robot expressed feelings and desires and that got people to want to treat the robot as if it were alive.9Why did scientists use Nao in the study?ATo learn about how pe
22、ople react to robots.BTo communicate with humans.CTo help people finish their daily tasks.DTo improve peoples social skills.10What did participants do when asked to turn off Nao?AAll of them refused to turn it off.BNot all of them took action immediately.CAll of them found it hard to operate it.DAll
23、 of them followed the order soon.11Compared with TVs, robots .Aare more similar to humansBoften depend on humansChave independent thoughtDknow well about different voices12What can we know about our brains?AThey are much cleverer than robots.BThey can recognize fake people.CThey can t tell the diffe
24、rence between real people and fake people.DThey teach robots to show their feelings.13What is the main idea of the passage?ACompare robots with TVs and computers.BRobots will replace humans.CThe relationship between humans and robots.DHow people treat human-like robots.Passage4Skeptics are strange a
25、 lot. Some of them refuse to admit the serious threat of human activities to the environment and they are tired of people who disagree with them. Those people, say skeptics, spread nothing but bad news about the environment. The eco-guilt brought on by the discouraging news about our planet gives ri
26、se to the popularity of skeptics as people search for more comforting worldviews.Perhaps that explains why a new book by Bjorn Lomborg received so much publicity. That book, The Skeptical Environmentalist, declares that it measures the real state of the world as fine. Of course, another explanation
27、is the deep pockets of some big businesses with special interests. Indeed, Mr. Lomborgs views are similar to those of some industry-funded organizations, which start huge activities through the media to confuse the public about issues like global warming.So it was strange to see Mr. Lomborgs book go
28、 largely unchallenged in the media though his beliefs were contrary to most scientific opinions. One national newspaper in Canada ran a number of articles and reviews full of words of praise, even with the conclusion that After Lomborg, the environmental movement will begin to die down.Such one-side
29、d views should have immediately been challenged. But only a different review appeared in Nature, a respected science magazine with specific readership. The review remarked that Mr. Lomborgs preference for unexamined materials is incredible.A critical eye is valuable, and the media should present inf
30、ormation in such a way that could allow people to make informed decisions. Unfortunately, that is often inaccessible as blocked by the desire to be shocking or to defend some special interest. People might become half-blind before a world partially exhibited by the media. Thats a shame, because matt
31、ers concerning the health of the planet are far too important to be treated lightly.14According to the passage, which of the following may be regarded as skeptics?APeople who agree on the popularity of eco-guilt.BPeople who dislike the harmful effect of human activities.CPeople who disbelieve the se
32、rious situation of our planet.DPeople who spread comforting news to protect our environment.15Which of the following can be a reason for the popularity of Lomborgs books?AThe book challenges views about the fine state of the world.BSome big businesses intend to protect their own interests.CThe autho
33、r convinces people to speak comforting worldviews.DIndustryfunded media present confusing information.16The author mentioned the review in Nature in order to_.Afind fault with Lomborgs bookBvoice a different opinionCchallenge the authority of the mediaDpoint out the value of scientific views17What i
34、s the authors main purpose in writing the passage?ATo show the importance of presenting overall information by the media.BTo warn the public of the danger of halfblindness with reviews.CTo blame the medias lack of responsibility in information.DTo encourage the skeptics to have a critical eye.Passag
35、e5 Devon Gallagher, a college graduate from Philadelphia, wants the world to know exactly where shes been during her worldwide vacation in a special way.The traveler, who was born with a bone disease, had her right leg amputated(截肢) at the age of four. Although the amputation caused misfortune for G
36、allagher early on, she now sees it as nothing short of inspiration for living her best life.To spread the message, Gallagher has taken to social media, where she shares photos of her travels across the globe. Besides, she writes her location across her artificial leg before taking a picture.Now she
37、has been taking pictures across the Continent, which show her cycling over the canals in Amsterdam, relaxing on a wall overlooking the city of Barcelona, posing with a waffle (华夫饼) in Brussels, taking spectacular pictures in Athens and enjoying a river cruise in Budapest, with all the well-known loc
38、ations written on her artificial leg.“I get a new leg every two years and I can choose the design on it. One day I had a sudden thought of getting a chalkboard,” Gallagher said. “My mum and grandmother werent too interested in the idea, but my friends thought it was great and told me to go for it, s
39、o I did.”Gallagher said people often stare when shes writing on her leg, but once she shares the photos, she receives only positive feedback. “My leg hasnt stopped me from doing anything Ive wanted to do,” she said, “I know its my determination to prove to myself that I can do it. Therefore, Ive bee
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