成才之路高二英语精品课件：MOUDLE4-2 EVERYDAY ENGLISH——READING AND VOCABULARY(2)（外研版选修8）.ppt

1、1complainvi.抱怨，不满，发牢骚。We have nothing to complain about.我们没有什么可抱怨的。You re always complaining!你总是发牢骚！知识拓展complaint n抱怨，不满；控诉have complaints about 对有意见make a complaint against 对提出不满意见，对提出控告complain that.抱怨complain to sb.about sth.对某人抱怨某事2telegraph n.C电报 v打电报给；用电报发送The news came by telegraph.消息通过电报传来。M

2、other telegraphed me yesterday.妈妈昨天打电报给我。知识拓展by telegraph(by telegram)通过电报telescope nC望远镜telephone nC电话television nC电视词语辨析telegraph，telegramtelegraph强调“电报”这种通讯方式；telegram强调一份电报或电报传达的信息。3media n.pl.，the新闻媒体，传媒The media have/has a lot of power today.现在大众传媒具有很大的力量。提示：media是集合名词，但在非正式英语中也用做单数；medium(新闻媒

3、介)是可数名词，其复数形式是mediums或media。类似的还有：bacteriumbacteria 细菌maximummaxima 最大值minimumminima 最小值agendumagenda 议事日程datumdate 数据，资料4revolution n.C，U革命；大变革Many people were killed in the revolution.很多人在革命中被杀害。Credit cards have brought about a revolution in peoples spending habits.信用卡给人们的消费习惯带来了巨大改变。知识拓展revoluti

4、onary adj.革命的，革新的n.C革命者5flavour n.C，U特点，特色；情调；味道It gives our little meals an eastern flavour.它给我们的便餐增添了一种东方风味。The film retains much of the books exotic flavour.这部电影保存了原著的许多异国情调。I dont like the flavour of onion.我不喜欢洋葱的味道。flavour v.给调味，加味于1 It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as e

5、ither a first or a second language by 2050.据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。It is estimated.据估计It is estimated that 300 people will attend the meeting.据估计有300人要参加这个会议。常见的类似结构：It is said that.据说It is reported that.据报道It is believed that.人们相信It is known that.众所周知It is supposed that.大家推测It is thought that.

6、大家认为It is considered that.人们认为It is suggested that.人们建议It is said that they have got to the village.据说他们已经到了那个村子。即学即用完成句子_(据估计)that the project will last four years.答案：It is estimated2Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English,especially in its spoken form,will no longer be determi

7、ned in the traditional Englishspeaking countries like Britain and America but in the rest of Europe,Asia and Africa.专家们相信未来英语的形式和语法，尤其是英语口语形式，不再取决于英美这些传统讲英语的国家，将由欧洲、亚洲和非洲的其他国家决定。determine v.“决心；决定”；其后可接名/代词、动词不定式或从句。Have you determined where you will go for the holiday?你们决定到哪儿去度假了吗？知识拓展常用词组：be deter

8、mined to do sth.有决心做determine sb.to do sth.使某人下决心做某事I am determined to work hard at chemistry.我决心刻苦学习化学。即学即用_to do better than Mike,Jack worked very hard.ADeterminingBDeterminedCDetermine DHaving determined答案：Bdetermine to do sth.“下决心做某事”。非谓语动词作原因状语。3Often meanings and words from other languages fin

9、d their way into English to produce a new dialect such as“Franglais”whichcombines aspects of French and English.从另一种语言里学来的意思和单词与英语结合形成一种新的方言，例如“Franglais”就是结合了法语和英语形成的。combine v(使)联合；(使)结合The workers combined against the boss.工人们联合起来反对工头。Hydrogen and oxygen combine to form water.氢和氧化合成水。即学即用(1)(2010

10、福建)In this day and age,women can have children and jobs as well.I cant agree more.Its great to have the two_.Alinked BrelatedCconnected Dcombined答案：D句意：在这个年代，妇女可养孩子，也可有自己的工作。我非常赞同，把这两者结合起来是非常好的。A项意为“连接”，B项“把联系起来”，C项“使连接；与有关”，此处均不合题意，只有D项“(使)结合；同时做”正确。(2)The two countries_against their common enemy.A

11、connected BunitedCcombined Dwere combined答案：C4New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.直到那些新的方言名正言顺地真正成为一种语言的时候，它们才会拥有自己的特色。1)acquire v.获得；取得；得到He acquired the habit of smoking.他养成了吸烟的习惯。The company has acquired shares in a rival business.该公

12、司购入了竞争对手的股份。This is the valuable experience we acquired at the cost of blood.这是我们用鲜血换来的宝贵经验。词语辨析acquire，obtain，gainacquire 多用于通过不断地“学”、“问”等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西。obtain 表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力获得期望已久的东西。gain 含义较obtain更进一层，表示付出更大的努力才能获得，故常译为“赢得”。2)in ones own right 副凭本人(生来)的继承权；凭自己的天赋；当然She was not a queen in h

13、er own right.她的王妃头衔不是继承得来的。即学即用完成句子He_(获得)the position he had longed for in the end.答案：acquired5Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.专家们确信当越来越多的人学习英语并能运用自如时，这一切在不久的将来都会发生。convince vt.使确信；使信服convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事con

14、vince sb.that.使某人相信be convinced of sth.深信某事be convinced that.深信I am convinced of his innocence.我深信他无罪。He convinced me that I should study law.他使我相信了我应当学习法律。即学即用_that she had left the workplace,he went away.AConvince BConvincingCHaving convinced DConvinced答案：Dbe convinced that.“相信”状语从句1)状语从句的定义状语从句是指

15、起状语作用的从句，它从属主句，是主句附属的状语成分，在主从复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词和副词等。按句中不同的作用和类型，状语从句可分为时间、原因、条件、方式、比较、目的、让步和地点状语从句。2)状语从句的类型(一)时间状语从句时间状语从句常用从属连词when,while“当的时候”，as,after,before,since,until,as soon as等引导。It was snowing when he arrived in Tianjin.他到达天津时，天正在下雪。Strike while the iron is hot.谚趁热打铁。状语从句通常在前，主句在后，一般要用逗号隔开

16、；如主句在前，从句在后可以不用逗号。Dont go away before I leave.别在我离开前走掉。Ill tell you as soon as I know.我一知道就告诉你。在时间状语从句中，通常不用将来时，而用现在时来代替。Ill tell her about that when I see her.我见到她时会把这件事告诉她的。Well wait until spring comes.我们要一直等到春天。(二)地点状语从句地点状语从句用连接副词where或wherever(在任何地方)引导。Just stay where you are.就留在你原来的地方。(三)原因状语从

17、句由because,as,since(既然)(now that)引出。(1)because表示原因的口气最重，直接表示因果关系，回答why的问题。He didnt go to school today because he was ill.他今天没来学校是因为他病了。As there was no answer,I wrote to him again.因为没有答复，我又给他写了信。(2)强调原因状语从句只能用because从句。It was because he was ill that he didnt go to school.(3)注意for引出并列句表示原因，常是逻辑推理的原因。It

18、 must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面是湿的。The day must have broken,for birds are out.天一定亮了，因为鸟儿们都出来了。(四)条件状语从句条件状语从句由if，unless，in case(that)，so far as，as/so long as,on condition(that)，provided/providing,suppose/supposing(that)等引导。Do you mind if I smoke?我抽烟你介意吗？I wont leave u

19、nless he leaves first.如果他不先离开我就不离开。(五)方式状语从句方式状语从句由as，as if/thought引导。Most plants need air just as they need water.大多数植物需要空气，正像它们需要水一样。She treated me as if/though I were an alien.她这样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。(六)让步状语从句常由though(although)“虽然但”，even if“即使”，however“不 管 怎 样”，whatever“无 论 什 么”，no matter how(who.)“不管多么

20、”“无论谁”等连接词或连接词组引导。The officer often goes in among the masses,though he is very old.虽然这个官员很老，但他经常到群众中去。(注意英、汉表达的不同，英语中用了though,although就有“虽然但是”的含义，不能在主句中用but，但可接yet。)Although they were lost that day,they were all in high spirits.虽然他们那天迷了路，但他们的情绪都很高。(七)目的状语从句目的状语从句常用that，so that，in order that，等从属连词引导，

21、从句中的谓语动代词常用may(might)，can(could)，should等情态动词。Come round to the window so that I can touch your hands.绕到窗子前面去，好让我触到你的手。He got up early in order that he could breathe fresh air.他起得很早，为的是能呼吸新鲜空气。(八)结果状语从句结果状语从句由so that,so.that,such.that,in such a way(manner)that,to such a degree that,to the degree that

22、,with the result that等引导。He was so tired that he almost fell asleep at dinner.他那么疲劳以致于在吃饭时几乎睡着了。(九)比较状语从句比较状语从句常用as.as,not so.as(或not as.as),more.than,less.than,the.the等引导。这种从句中常省略某些成分。He is copying the poem as carefully as he can.他正在用心地抄写那首诗。John is less clever than his brother.约翰不如他弟弟聪明。3)使用要点(1)时

23、间、条件状语从句中不用将来时在时间、条件状语中不用将来时，必须用一般时态代替将来时。If it is fine tomorrow,we will go fishing.如果明天天气好，我们就去钓鱼。但是在下面一句中，条件句里的will，不表示将来时，而是表示“意愿”。If you will go,I will go with you.如果您愿意去，我也去。(2)状语从句中的省略状语从句中，如果其主语与主句的主语一致。谓语是(或相当于)系表结构，这时从句的主语和系动词均可省略。He is an honest man although(he is)very poor.他虽穷，但是诚实。Whethe

24、r(she is)sick or well Lily is always cheerful.无论是有病还是健康，丽莉总是高高兴兴的。另外，if it is necessary/possible形式可以省略。If necessary,Mary should come back ahead of time.如果有必要，玛丽应提前返回。(3)要注意汉英语言的不同在使用某些英语状语从句时，要注意汉英语言的不同。例如，在汉语里，我们常用“虽然但是”；“因为所以”；“除非否则”等关联词。但在英语中，上述概念分别只用although,because,unless三个从属连词来表示即可。Although th

25、ey are Japanese，(不用but)we cant tell them from us.虽然他们是日本人，但我们无法将他们同我们区别开来。As there was a power failure，(不用so)，I had to light the candle.因为停电了，所以我只能点上蜡烛。Unless you keep trying(不用otherwise)you will never succeed.除非你不断尝试，否则就不会成功。(4)学习状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊连接词。时间状语从句常用引导词：when，as，while，as soon as，

26、before，after，since，till，until，.特殊引导词：the minute，the moment，the second，every time，the day，the instant，immediately，directly，no sooner.than，hardly.when，scarcely.when.注意：1)while引导的从句中谓语动词必须是能够延续的动词。She listened closely while he read.在他读的时候，她认真地听。2)as soon as，immediately，directly，instantly，the moment，the

27、 instant，the minute等可引导时间状语从 句，这些动词都表示“一就”。The moment I heard the news,I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。3)hardly(scarcely，rarely).when/before，no sooner.than相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从 句 用 一 般 过 去 时。当 hardly，scarcely，rarely和 no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，

28、他就进来了。地点状语从句常用引导词：where特殊引导词：wherever，anywhere，everywhere，.原因状语从句常用引导词：because，since，as，for特 殊 引 导 词：seeing that，now that，in that，considering that，given that.It was because I missed the early bus that I was late for school.我上学迟到是因为我没有赶上早班汽车。Since everyone is here,lets start.既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。There must

29、 be nobody in the classroom,for the light is off.教室里一定没有人，因为灯灭了。(推测性理由)目的状语从句常用引导词：so that，in order that特殊引导词：in case，for fear that，in the hope that，for the purpose that，.特别提示以so that(为了，以便)，in order that(为了，以便)，in case(以防，以备万一)等引导的目的状语从句中，常用can/could，may/might，shall/should，will/would等情态动词。目的状语从句多放在

30、主句之后。in order that引导的目的状语从句被强调时，可放在主句之前。结果状语从句常用引导词：so.that，so that，such.that特殊引导词：such that，to the degree that，to the extent that，to such a degree thatHe spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep.His speech went on for so long that people began to fall asleep.他说了这么长时间，以致在座的人都犯困了。T

31、here was so much dust that we couldnt see what was happening.灰尘太大了，使得我们看不清发生了什么事情。So terrible was the storm that whole roofs were ripped off.暴风真可怕，把整个的屋顶全都刮飞了。条件状语从句常用引导词：if，unless特 殊 引 导 词：as/so long as，only if，providing/provided that，supposing that，in case that，on condition that，assuming that，.特别提

32、示只有if可以引导虚拟语气的非真实条件状语从句。If I were you,I would say“yes”如果我是你，我会说“是”。让步状语从句常 用 引 导 词：though，although，even if，even though，.特殊引导词：as(用在让步状语从句中，从句必须要倒装)，while(一般用在句首)，no matter.，in spite of the fact that，whatever，whoever，wherever，whenever，however，whichever。特别提示1)though，although引导让步状语从句时不与but连用，但是though和y

33、et可连用。Though the sore can be healed,yet a scar may remain.伤口是愈合，但伤疤留下了。2)as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句多位于主句之前，而且必须使用倒装语序，此时as相当于though。Strange as/though it might sound,his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.尽管听起来很奇怪，他的主意还是被出席会议的所有人接受了。3)while引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，相当于although。While I really d

34、ont like art,I find his work impressive.尽管我是真的不喜欢艺术，但我发现他的作品给我留下深刻印象。比较状语从句常用引导词：as(同级比较)，than(不同程度的比较)特殊引导词：the more.the more.；just as.,so.；A is to B what/as X is to Y；no.more than；not A so much as BThe more you study,the more knowledge you can get.你学的越多，你的知识越丰富。方式状语从句常用引导词：as，as if，how特殊引导词：the wa

35、y特别提示当说话者认为句子所描述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时，as if从句用陈述语气；当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时，as if从句用虚拟语气。Do as I told you.按我告诉你的那样做。She loves the boy as if she were his mother.她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。(5)状语从句的省略状语从句的省略常存在于以下五种状语从句中：由if，unless等引导的条件状语从句；由although，though，even if/though等引导的让步状语从句；由when，while，as，before，a

36、fter，until/till等引导的时间状语从句；由as，as if等引导的方式状语从句；由as，than等引导的比较状语从句。特别提示当状语从句的主语是it，且谓语动词是be时，it和be要省略。If(it is)possible,he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话，他会帮你摆脱困境。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，且从句谓语动词是be的某种形式，从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。As(he was)young，he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。即学即用(1)(2009山东)The lit

37、tle girl who got lost decided to remain_she was and wait for her mother.AwhereBwhatChowDwho 答案：A本题考查连词用法，remain后接状语从句，由句意可知，主句缺地点状语，所以选A。(2)(2009北 京)You may use the room as you like_you clean it up afterwards.Aso far as Bso long as Cin case Deven if答案：B本题题意：你可以随便使用这个房间，只要你用过后把它打扫干净就行了。so/as long as表

38、示“只要”；引导条件状语从句。例如：It matters little who does it so long as it is done.只要事情做了，谁做都行。注意：as you like表示“随你的便”。例如：Stay as long as you like.你愿停留多久皆可。(3)(2009江苏)_ unemployment and crime are high,it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.ABefore BWhere CUnless DUntil答案：B考查连词与状语从句。句意为：在失业率和犯罪率高的地

39、方，可以假定后者是由前者造成的。where引导状语从句，表示“在地方”。(4)(2009山东)Shall we have our picnic tomorrow?_it doesnt rain.AUntil BWhile COnce DIf答案：D本题考查交际用语，意思是：如果明天不下雨的话。(5)(2009全 国 卷)All the dishes in this menu，_otherwise stated,will serve two to three people.Aas Bif Cthough Dunless答案：D本题题意：这份菜单上的所有菜，除非另外说明，可供二到三个人食用。unl

40、ess表示“如果不；要是不；除非”；引导条件状语从句。(6)(2009福 建)She had just finished her homework_her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday.Awhen Bwhile Cafter Dsince答案：A考查状语从句。根据从句的动词时态可知主句谓语动词的动作在从句谓语动词之前已经完成，引导词的意思是“这时突然”；选A。(7)(2009浙江)The medicine works more effectively _ you drink some hot water aft

41、er taking it.Aas Buntil Calthough Dif答案：D考查连词区别及句意理解。句意：如果服药后多喝热水的话，其效果更好。(8)(2009辽宁)It just isnt fair_I was working as a waiter last month，my friends were lying on the beach.Awhenever Bthough Cfor Dwhile答案：D考查连词用法。whenever“无论何时”；though“尽管”；for“因为”；while“当时候”。句意为：这太不公平了，上个月当我在做侍者时，我的朋友们却躺在海滩上。(9)(20

42、09安徽)I wonder how much you charge for your services.The first two are free_the third costs$30.Awhile Buntil Cwhen Dbefore答案：A考查了连词的用法。while表示转折对比。句意为“前两种是免费，然而第三种花费30美元”。(10)(2009上 海)You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.Abefore Bif Cwhile Das答案：A(11)(2009湖南)_ the

43、 police thought he was the most likely one,since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him.AAlthough BAs long asCIf only DAs soon as答案：A本题考查连词的用法。Although在此引导让步状语从句，与后文主句部分构成转折关系。句意为：虽然警察认为他是最有可能的嫌疑人，但是并没有直接证据，因而不能拘捕他。(12)(2009重 庆)Peter was so excited _he received an invitation from

44、 his friend to visit Chongqing.Awhere Bthat Cwhy Dwhen答案：D考查连词。句中的so相当于very，因此排除B项。句意为：收到朋友邀请他去重庆的请柬，彼得十分兴奋。(13)(2009四川)Owen wouldnt eat anything_he cooked it himself.Auntil Bsince Cunless Dwhile 答案：C考查连词。句意：“欧文只吃自己亲手做的食物”。unless“除非；如果不”；合乎句意。(14)(2009江西)Some of you may have finished unit one._,you

45、can go on to unit two.A.If you may B.If you doC.If not D.If so答案：D考查了省略句的用法。so代指前面整句话内容。句意为“你们当中有些人可能已经完成了第一单元，如果那样，你们可以继续进行第二单元。”(15)(2009陕 西)My parents dont mind what job I do_I am happy.A.even though B.as soon asC.as long as D.as though答案：C考查状语从句。根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，引导词意为“只要”，故选C。even though引导让步状语从

46、句，意为“即使”；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”；as though引导方式状语从句，意思为“仿佛，好象”。(16)(2009北 京)John plays basketball well，_his favorite sport is badminton.Aso Bor Cyet Dfor答案：C本题题意：约翰篮球打得很好，然而他最喜爱的运动却是羽毛球。yet作为连词，表示“可是，却，然而”。例如：I dont know him,yet I can get his help.我不认识他，但我会得到他的帮助。(17)(2008全 国)Have you got any idea

47、for the summer vacation?I dont mind where we go_theres sun,sea and beach.Aas if Bas long asCnow that Din order that答案：B本题题意“对于暑假你有什么看法？”“只要有阳光，大海和海滩，我并不在意去哪儿。”as/so long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句。(18)(2008安 徽)Do you have a minute?Ive got something to tell you.OK，_you make it short.Anow that Bif onlyCso long

48、 as Devery time答案：C考查连词短语。now that“既然”；if only“但愿”；so long as“只要”；every time“每当”。由语境不难看出，答语意思应为“只要你长话短说就行”。(19)(2008福 建)Nancy enjoyed herself so much_she visited her friends in Sydney last year.Athat Bwhich Cwhen Dwhere答案：C本题考查了状语从句的用法。when引导了一个时间状语从句，句意为“去年当Nancy去悉尼看她的朋友时玩得非常高兴”。(20)(2008安徽)All the neighbors admire this family，_the parents are treating their child like a friend.Awhy Bwhere Cwhich Dthat答案：B解析：考查主从复合句。读全句不难看出逗号后为一非限制性定语从句，排除that。定语从句有主语和定语排除which；由上下句的逻辑关系可知正确选项为B。where引导定语从句(in which)，句意为“在他们家，父母把子女当朋友对待。”