2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 直接引语和间接引语（含解析）.doc

1、直接引语和间接引语重难点分析引用别人的话有两种方式，一种是直接引用别人原句，这叫直接引语，要用引号；另一种是用自己的话来转述别人话，且不能用引号，这是间接引语。一、直接引语和间接引语的区别直接引语直接引述别人的话，用双引号(“ ”)间接引语转述别人的话，不用双引号二、直接引语改为间接引语时，如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。遵循下列规律：在直接引语中在间接引语中指示代词this thatthesethose 时间状语nowthentodaythat dayyesterdaythe day beforelast weekthe week befor

2、etomorrowthe next daynext year the next yeartwo days agotwo days before地点状语herethere动词时态(以work为例)一般现在时(work)一般过去时(worked)现在进行时(is/are working)过去进行时(was/were working)现在完成时(have/has worked)过去完成时(had worked)一般过去时(worked)过去完成时(had worked)过去完成时(had worked)(不变) (had worked)一般将来时(will work)过去将来时(would work

3、)动词变化can/maycould/mightmusthad tocomegobringtake 三、各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化句型变化要领例句陈述句连接词用that，在口语中可省略She said, “He will be busy.” She said that he would be busy.一般疑问句连接词用if或whether，改为陈述语序She said to Tom, “Can you help me?” She asked Tom if/whether he could help her. 特殊疑问句用原句中的疑问词作连接词，改为陈述语序The teacher

4、 asked, “How did you repair it?” The teacher asked me how I had repaired it. 祈使句用“动词+宾语+不定式”结构The mother said, “Tom, get up early, please.” The mother asked Tom to get up early. 四、直接引语变间接引语时，几种不变的特殊情况不变的情况例句直接引语是客观真理或谚(习)语The teacher said, “The earth goes around the sun.” The teacher said that the e

5、arth goes around the sun.被引述的部分是反复出现的、习惯性的动作或说话时情况仍然存在He said, “We are still students.” He said they are still students. 引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语，时态不变He said to me, “I was born in 1998.” He told me that he was born in 1998.引述部分含有insist, suggest, demand等引导的虚拟宾语从句，变间接引语时，引语中的主从句时态都不变She said, “He demanded tha

6、t the girl leave at once.” She said he demanded that the girl leave at once.引述动词是现在时，则间接引语中的动词、时间状语、时态的形式不变She says, “Ill never forget the moment.” She says that shell never forget the moment.五、其他注意事项1. 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为tell, ask, order, beg等。如：“Dont make any noise,” she said to the children. She t

7、old/ordered the children not to make any noise. 2. 直接引语如果是以Lets开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，常用suggest+动名词(或从句)。如：He said, “Lets go to the library.” He suggested going to the library. 考点练透一、完成句子 用适当的形容词、副词或用所给词的适当形式填空。1. My father said, “Practice makes perfect.” My father said practice _ perfect. 2. The boy said to

8、 us, “I usually get up at six every day.” The boy told us he usually _ at six every day.3. The engineer said, “I was at college in 1997.” The engineer said he _ at college in 1997.4. My uncle said, “I sowed my carrot seed yesterday.” My uncle said _ carrot seed _. 5. The farmers said, “We picked the

9、se cabbages three days ago.” The farmers said that _ cabbages _.6. He asked me, “Whats the weather going to be like tomorrow?” He asked me _ the weather _ to be like _.7. The teacher said to us, “Light travels much faster than sound.” The teacher _ light _.8. She said to me, “I have left my fork in

10、your room.” She _ that _ fork in _.9. He said, “I will come here tonight.” He said that _.10. “Did you plant rice last week?” he said to us. He _ planted rice _.11. “Are you ready, children?” asked Mrs. Li. Mrs. Li asked _ ready. 12. “Where is your brother ploughing now?” he asked. He asked _ brothe

11、r _ ploughing _.13. She said, “How many times do you harvest crops every year, Mike?” She asked _ how many times _ crops every year.14. “Can I borrow this book of yours, Miss Gao?” asked the boy. The boy asked Miss Gao _ borrow _ of _.15. “How long did it take you to remove the weeds?” he asked the

12、farmers. He asked the farmers how long _ the weeds.16. “Please have a rest,” the farmer said to us. The farmer _ a rest. 17. One of the students said, “Let me go on with the farm work, Uncle Wang.” One of the students _ Uncle Wang _ with the farm work.18. “Dont take off your blouse,” Lily said to Lu

13、cy. Lily asked Lucy _ blouse.19. She said, “Our bus will arrive in five minutes.”She said that _ in five minutes.20. “You have finished the homework, havent you?” my mother asked.My mother asked me _ the homework.二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Dad was always full of advice. One of the bigge

14、st lessons he taught me one summer was about having 1 strong work ethic. When my brother and I were growing up, we mowed lawns during the summer 2 (earn) pocket money.Every time we went to work, my dad was there to watch. I used to wonder 3 he came with us. One day we were cutting our neighbors yard

15、. He always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over. That afternoon, I was finishing the work and was 4 (tire). I was just about to turn off the mower 5 I saw Dad pointing to some grass. I thought about how little I was getting paid for cutting grass so high that it almost broke the mow

16、er. I ignored him and kept walking. Dad called me 6 (loud), “You missed a piece.”I frowned, 7 (hope) he would go home. He kept pointing. So worn and discouraged, I went back to cut that piece of grass. I said to myself, “That one piece isnt hurting anyone. Why wont he just let 8 go?”Other neighbors

17、took notice of the good work that we did and we soon got more business. We started out with one client, but by the end of the summer we had five.The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me: be 9 (profession). Give your customers the kind of service you would like to receive. It shows how sincere you

18、are and how much pride you take 10 your work.助读词汇frown vi. 皱眉mow vt. 修剪lawn n. 草地；草坪client n. 客户work ethic 职业道德call sb. over 叫某人过来三、佳作欣赏 下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，用心体会其用法。Nowadays a growing number of teenagers are online for at least 6 hours a day, continuously using the chatting-rooms or

19、 tirelessly playing games. Worried parents choose to send their children to so-called “Salvation Training Camp”.I am strongly against the measures some Salvation Training Camps take to treat the web addicts. Firstly, restriction of personal freedom doesnt help them to build their self-confidence. Se

20、condly, physical punishments may make the problem more serious.In my opinion, proper guidance is the best way to cure web addicts. On one hand, they should be guided to use the internet in a healthy way rather than be strictly prohibited from going online. On the other hand, we should try our best t

21、o encourage them to distract their attention from the web by instructing them to do some more meaningful things in their spare time. Only by doing this can we cure them thoroughly and effectively.参考答案考点练透一、完成句子1. makes 2. gets up 3. was 4. that he had sowed his; the day before 5. they had picked tho

22、se; three days before 6. what; was going; the next day 7. told us; travels much faster than sound 8. told me; she had left her; my room 9. he would go there that night 10. asked us if/whether we had; the week before 11. her children if/whether they were 12. me where my; was; then 13. Mike; he harves

23、ted 14. if/whether he could; that book; hers 15. it had taken to remove 16. asked us to have 17. asked; to let him go on 18. not to take off her 19. their bus would arrive 20. whether I had finished二、语法填空爸爸通过修剪草坪这件事让我明白敬业的真正意义。1. a 不定冠词的基本用法。2. to earn 作目的状语用动词不定式。3. why 此处why引导宾语从句。4. tired 主语是人，故填tired。5. when 此处when引导的并非是时间状语从句，而是作并列连词，意为“就在这时”。固定结构be about to do sthwhen意为“某人正要做就在这时”。6. loudly 修饰动词called用副词形式。7. hoping 此处hope作非谓语，作伴随动作，逻辑主语是I，故填现在分词形式。8. it 缺宾语填代词。it在此指代前面的that one piece。9. professional 作表语用形容词形式。10. in 习惯搭配，表在工作中常用介词in。