新教材2020-2021学年高中英语外研版必修第三册课件：UNIT 6 DISASTER AND HOPE PERIOD 3 .ppt

1、Unit 6 Disaster and hopePeriod 3Using language语法精析课 英语句子中“省略”的用法语法精讲透析【体验悟】阅读下面课文原句,分析其共同特点。Its just typical that my journey is on one of the oldest lines,as well as one of the deepest(lines).My office is only on the third floor of the building,so(it is)quite low.The average high temperature in July

2、 is only 22 degrees,so over 30(degrees)is not usual for London.【生成得】以上三个句子都是省略句。【研学析】在英语语言中,为了使语言简洁明了,重点突出或上下文紧密相连,可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变,这种语言现象称之为省略。一、简单句中的省略1.省略主语(You)Take care.当心。(It)Doesnt matter.没关系。2.省略谓语或谓语的一部分He did what he could(do)to help me.他尽他所能来帮我。He jumps higher than I(jump).他比我跳得高。Is th

3、ere anything wrong with your bike?你的自行车出了什么问题吗?3.省略表语Are you a teacher?Yes,I am(a teacher).你是老师吗?是的,我是。He is a lover of sports as he was(a lover of sports)in his youth.他像年轻时一样,是一位运动爱好者。4.省略宾语或作宾语的不定式短语Do you know Mr Li?你认识李先生吗?I dont know(him).我不认识他。Would you like to attend my birthday party?你想参加我的生

4、日聚会吗?Yes,Id love to(attend your birthday party).是的,我想参加。常见的可省略不定式宾语的动词:want,wish,expect,hope,like,love,try,forget,decide,prefer,mean,intend,plan,refuse等形容词:glad,happy,pleased,delighted等5.有时会同时省略几种成分Have you finished your work yet?你已经完成你的工作了吗?No,(I have)not(finished my work)yet.还没呢。6.感叹句依据上下文的省略How h

5、ot(it is)!What a beautiful girl(she is)!7.省略名词所有格中后面的名词You have to wait about two hours at the doctors(waiting room).你必须在医生的候诊室等大约两小时。At her sisters(house),she spent a pleasant weekend.在她姐姐家,她度过了一个愉快的周末。8.省略介词He spent four hours(in)going over his lessons.他花了四个小时复习功课。They had no difficulty(in)finding

6、 his home.他们毫不费力地找到他的家。常见的词组有:have a hard time(in)doing,waste time(in)doing,be busy(in)doing,prevent/stop/keep sb.(from)doing,be engaged(in)doing,theres no point/sense(in)doing等【内化用】补全下列句子中省略的内容1.(_)Open the door,please.请打开门。2.(_)anything else?还有别的吗?3.Are you feeling better now?你觉得好些了吗?(_)Much bette

7、r(_).好多了。YouIs thereI am feelingnow4.Will he pass the examination?他会通过考试吗?(_)Probably(_).可能会。5.(_)Sounds like a good idea.听起来是个好主意。He willpass the examinationIt二、并列句中的省略在并列句中后边的分句可以省略与前边分句中相同的成分。如:The boy picked up a coin in the road and(the boy)handed it to a policeman.这个男孩在马路上拾起一枚硬币并把它交给了警察。Your a

8、dvice made me happy but(your advice made)Tom angry.你的建议使我高兴但使汤姆生气。【内化用】补全下列句子中省略的部分1.John likes collecting stamps,but(_)hates listening to music.约翰喜欢集邮但不喜欢听音乐。2.I asked him to see the film,but he doesnt want to(_).我让他去看电影,但他不想去。3.I wish(_),yet fear to find him.我希望找到他,又怕找到他。Johnsee the filmto find hi

9、m4.Jack will sing at the party,but Lucy wont(_).Jack要在聚会上唱歌,但Lucy不唱。5.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him not to(_).小男孩想在大街上骑自行车,但他的妈妈不让。6.He spent part of the money and he saved the rest(_).他花了一部分钱,其余的他存了起来。sing at the partyride his bicycle in the streetof the m

10、oney三、复合句中的省略1.主句中有一些成分可省略(Im)Sorry to hear that you are ill.听说你病了,我很难过。(It is a)Pity that he missed such a good chance.很遗憾他错过了那么好的机会。2.省略一个从句或从句中的一部分,用so或not代替。Is he coming back tonight?他今晚回来吗?I think so.=I think he is coming back tonight.我想是的。Is he feeling better today?他今天感觉好多了吗?Im afraid not.=Im

11、afraid he is not feeling better today.恐怕没有。3.宾语从句连词that的省略Im sure(that)youll succeed sooner or later.我相信你早晚会成功的。We all know(that)light travels faster than sound.我们都知道光比声音传播得快。宾语从句中的that通常可以省略,但下列情况不能省略be+某些形容词(afraid/sure/sorry/certain/glad.)两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,第一个可以省,但后面的不能省如:The report shows(that)we h

12、ave made some progress,but that we need to make greater efforts.报告表明,我们已经取得了一些进步,但是我们需要作出更大的努力。4.定语从句中关系代词that的省略This is the book(that)I want to read most.这是我最想读的一本书。The way(that)he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的方法很简单。This is the very book(that)Im looking for.这正是我要找的那本书。5.当状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致时

13、,或从句的主语是it,并且从句中又含有be动词,则可以省略状语从句的主语和系动词be。如:Once(he was)a worker,Pang Long now becomes a famous singer.庞龙曾经是个工人,现在变成了一位著名的歌手。Work hard when(you are)young,or youll regret.趁年轻要努力学习,要不然你会后悔的。He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他到处看似乎在找什么东西。Ill go with you if(it is)necessary.如果必要的话

14、,我就和你一块去。6.主句和从句各省略一些成分The sooner(you do it),the better(it will be).越快越好。【内化用】用()标出下列句子中可以省略的部分1.I dont like the way(that/in which)you laugh at her.我不喜欢你嘲笑她的方式。2.Unless(it is)necessary,youd better not refer to the dictionary.如果没有必要,你最好不要查字典。3.Her father told her to be careful when(she was)crossing t

15、he street.她的父亲告诉她过马路时要小心。4.She was more angry than(she was)frightened.与其说她害怕,不如说她生气。5.The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.这次展览比被预料的有趣得多。6.You are getting slimmer(than you were before).你比原来苗条多了。四、其他情况to 的省略1.某些使役动词(let/make/have)及感官动词(see/watch/notice/hear/feel/look 等)后面作宾语补足语的不定式

16、通常省略to,但在被动语态中要加上to。I often hear him scold his son.我经常听见他责骂他的儿子。I saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.我看见那个男孩从树上摔下来。2.介词but/except/besides前面有实义动词do时后面的不定式符号to通常省略.He did nothing but wait.除了等,他什么都没做。【常温故勤总结】1.关注连词和不定式符号的省略。2.句子成分的省略。3.并列句中某些相同部分的省略。4.状语从句中的省略。.看看下列句子

17、中省略了什么,你能添上吗?1.(2019全国卷)Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns-that sell dreams to women all over the world,which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashionthey are central to its movement.()2.(2019北京高考)While working,I realised how hard it was to work in the fields u

18、nder a hot sun.()课时素养达标means 后面省略了thatwhile后面省略了I was3.A tornado is a roating column of air from a thunderstorm to the ground.The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometres per hour.()4.What is your favourite subject?English.()5.Generally speaking,if taken according to the directions,the dr

19、ug has no side effects.()6.Glad to hear that you succeeded in finding the answer.()7.Make changes when necessary.()violent后面省略了tornadoEnglish后面省略了is my favourite subjectif后面省略了the drug isglad前面省略了Immake前省略了you,when后省略了it is8.We dont dare to say a word unless she asks us to.()to后面省略了say a word.你知道下列句

20、子中的哪些成分可以省略吗?1.I wont attend his party though I was invited(to attend his party)a few days ago.2.Where were you when the fire broke out last night?(I was)in Li Leis.3.What are you going to be when you grow up?(Im going to be)a businessman(when I grow up).4.Tom was attacked by cramp while(he was)swim

21、ming across the river.5.I dont like the way(that/in which)he talks.6.He wanted to swim across the river but I warned him not to(swim across the river).7.If(it is)carefully done,the experiment will be successful.8.Will it rain today?I hope(that it will)not(rain).语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Lo

22、ngjing tea,1._ has topped the list of the ten most famous teas in China with its color,taste and shape,2._(name)after its region of productionLongjing Village of West Lake.The good environment and water resources are good for the 3._(grow)of the tea,confirming(证实)the saying that“Longjing tea is the

23、4._(good)among all of the teas in the world”.Thanks 5._ Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty,the tea has earned a high reputation.It is said that Emperor Qianlong visited a mountain of LongjingVillage of West Lake on his travels in Hangzhou,and he saw some ladies picking the tea at 6._ foot of the m

24、ountain.He was so interested in their movements that he decided to have a go himself.While 7._(pick)the tea,he received the news of his mothers illness,so he carelessly put the leaves in his pocket and 8._(leave)Hangzhou for Beijing.He visited his mother 9._(immediate)upon his arrival in Beijing,and

25、 his mother smelt the pleasant smell of the tea leaves from his pocket and wanted to have a taste.After drinking a cup of tea,she found herself completely 10._(energy),and she even praised it as a cure for all illnesses.【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍龙井茶的历史。1.【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。句意:龙井茶以其颜色、口味和形状位居中国十大最著名的茶叶之首,

26、以其生产地西湖龙井村命名。此处Longjingtea是先行词,指物,在后面的定语从句中作主语,故答案为which。2.【解析】is named。考查被动语态。句意:龙井茶以其颜色、口味和形状位居中国十大最著名的茶叶之首,以其生产地西湖龙井村命名。结合句意可知句子用一般现在时态,句子主语Longjing tea是单数第三人称,和name之间是被动关系,故答案为is named。3.【解析】growth。考查名词。句意:良好的环境和水资源对茶叶的生长有好处,证实了“龙井茶是世界上最好的茶”的说法。根据the,可知此空用名词形式,故答案为growth。4.【解析】best。考查最高级。句意:良好的环

27、境和水资源对茶叶的生长有好处,证实了“龙井茶是世界上最好的茶”的说法。根据比较范围among all of the teas in the world和the,可知此空用最高级,故答案为best。5.【解析】to。考查固定结构。句意:多亏了清朝乾隆皇帝的统治,茶叶赢得了很高的声誉。thanks to多亏了,故答案为to。6.【解析】the。考查固定词组。at the foot of在脚下,故答案为the。7.【解析】picking。考查现在分词。句意:在摘茶的时候,他收到了母亲生病的消息,所以他不小心把叶子放在他的口袋里,离开杭州去了北京。此处句子应是一个省略句,while后面省略了he was。8.【解析】left。考查时态。句意:在摘茶的时候,他收到了母亲生病的消息,所以他不小心把叶子放在他的口袋里,离开杭州去了北京。此处是表示过去的并列谓语,故答案为left。9.【解析】immediately。考查副词。句意:他一到北京就去拜访了他的母亲,他的母亲从他的口袋里闻到了茶叶的香味,想要尝一尝。此处是副词修饰动词,故答案为immediately。10.【解析】energetic。考查形容词。句意:喝了一杯茶后,她发现自己完全恢复了精神,她甚至称赞这是治愈一切疾病的良药。此处是“find+宾语+形容词”结构,故答案为energetic。本课结束