2020-2021学年高考英语语法核心考点专项复习08 非谓语动词（含解析）.docx

1、高考英语语法核心考点专项复习08：非谓语动词非谓语动词是动词的一大分类，是高中阶段考察最多也是最难的知识点，是学生头疼的一大难题。本专题从非谓语的分类、判定、用法、题型和考点来讲解，并配以习题练习。目的：掌握非谓语的形式，学会判别谓语与非谓语，熟练常考题型和用法。一、非谓语动词分类现在分词 doing过去分词 done不定式 to do动名词 doing二、判断非谓语动词 非谓语动词作为动词的形式变化，无法充当句子中的谓语动词，因为非谓语动词没有时态的变化。 非谓语动词三种基本形式：to do（不定式），doing（动名词现在分词），done（过去分词） 【精讲精练】请分别找出谓语动词和非谓语

2、动词。swim，drunk，observed，playing，done，conduct，read，come，having finished，having been done谓语动词：_非谓语动词：_【小试牛刀】一. 请用不同标记分别画出下列句子中的非谓语动词和谓语动词。1. The remaining twenty patients were transferred to another hospital. 2. I really understood the meaning of the proverb, “Helping others is the source of happiness.

3、”3. We should lay more emphasis on protecting the surroundings.二. 请用不同标记画出文章中的谓语动词和非谓语动词。With curiosity, we listened attentively, asking questions and taking notes. The camel ride on the third day was surely the most exciting part of our tour. Looking far into the desert, I pictured how ancient Chin

4、ese travelled along the Silk Road. How time flew! Soon it was the last day of our tour. At the train station, we took a photo holding a banner with “ Cultural Tour along the Silk Road” on it. 二. 非谓语动词的主被动 上面讲解了三大基本非谓语动词的主动形式，下面对于每种形式的被动形式进行列举：不定式现在分词动名词过去分词主动形式to dodoing被动形式to be donebeing donedone注

5、：done不存在主动形式【精讲精练】请写出下面非谓语动词对应的主动形式被动形式。1, done：_2, having done: _ 3, written：_4, reading: _5, tried: _ 6, to do：_【小试牛刀】请画出下面句子中的非谓语动词并区分主被动1. Given another chance, he will do better.2. I have never heard this song sung in English.3. Not receiving his letter, I wrote to him again.4. Having answered

6、the letter, she went on to read an English novel.5. To be an artist is my dream. 6. My wish is to be a doctor. 7. The truck being repaired there is ours.8. The stolen car was found by the police last week.三. 非谓语的基本形式和延展形式 非谓语的三种基本形式：to do, doing, done。但是非谓语也存在其他延展形式，下表列举的是非谓语动词的全部主动形式：不定式现在分词动名词过去分词

7、一般形式to dodoing无主动完成式to have donehaving done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing每一种形式的对应被动形式如下：不定式现在分词动名词过去分词一般形式to be donebeing donedone完成式to have been donehaving been done进行式to be being done完成进行to have been being done注：done只能表示被动，无主动形式【精讲精练】完成下列表格不定式主动被动一般式进行式完成式完成进行式动名词现在分词主动被动一般式完成式【小试牛刀】请画出下面句子

8、中的非谓语动词并区分主被动1. Given him a weapon, he will protect us.2. I have never read this book translated into English.3. Not receiving his response, I called him again.4. Having answered the letter, she went on to read an English novel.5. Having been shown the lab, we were taken to see the library.6. Having

9、 had a long heated discussion, we reached an agreement that 7. To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it8. The girl writing a letter there can speak English very well四. 非谓语动词的特殊用法 1. 动词宾补的特殊用法 “五看”：look，see，watch，observe，notice “三使”：make，let，have “两听”：hear，listen to “一感觉”：feel上述的动词在主动语态

10、中可以用不带to的不定式做宾语补足语，但是在被动的语态下需要还原to. He made us stay for tea.上述动词除了let，make外，也可以用现在分词作补足语。此外，find，catch，keep，leave也可以使用现在分词作补语。Im sorry to have kept you waiting for such a long time.特例【get】get sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事get sth. done让某事儿被做【精讲精练】Listen! Do you hear someone _ for help?A. callingB. callC. to

11、callD. called2. 动词不定式的特殊用法：(1) 形式主语和形式宾语It is +adj.+ for/of sb. +to do sth.It is +adj. +to do sth.【精讲精练】Its important for the figures _ regularly. A. to be updatedB. to have been updatedC. to updateD. to have updated (2). only to do 表示出乎意料的结果【精讲精练】The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ th

12、e film stars had left. A. to tellB. to be toldC. tellingD. told3. 独立主格：上述-ing 和过去分词的用法中，-ing和过去分词在句中均有逻辑主语，但有时它们也能有自己的独立的主语，这种独立的主语，一般为名词或代词，位于其之前，和-ing或过去分词构成独立主格。 The bell ringing, we all stopped talking. The work having been finished, she sat down to have a rest【精讲精练】1. She read the letter, tears

13、 _ (roll) down her cheeks.【小试牛刀】1. - Come on , please give me some ideas about the project. - Sorry. With so much work _ my mind, I almost break down. A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled2. I saw Mary _ the house.A. open the door and go intoB. to open the door and to go intoC. open the door

14、and to go intoD. open the door and went into课后练习补救练习区分下面词汇中的谓语动词和非谓语动词laugh，gotten，to eat, mater, welcome, withdrawquitted, lost, waiting , having been defeated, graduated谓语动词_非谓语动词_巩固练习画出文章中的谓语动词和非谓语动词Besides writing down the main events of the year neatly on the blackboard, we also decorated it wi

15、th beautiful drawing. Thanks to our hard work, our design finally won the first prize. We were not only proud of our teamwork but also deeply impressed by the great achievements of our country.拔高练习1. His first book _ (publish) next month is based on a true story. 2. The quarrel _ (lead) to the fight

16、 started from their disbelief in each other.3. He survived the crash, only _ (die) in the desert.4. Li Na, the first _ (achieve) a ranking of world No. 2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September.5. Yan an, a city _ (locate) in northern Shaanxi province, has seen great progress in its tourism indust

17、ry over the past few years.6. If you have your kid _ (behave) so badly, he may not get along well with others.7. With the exam _ (take) place in ten minutes, they were asked to hand in their mobile phones.课前检测 （5mins）一、单项选择1.【答案】 A【解析】考查非谓语动词。选项中非谓语用来修饰money，钱能为学校提供购买新的电脑设备，动作未发生而且主动，选择to do；另一种理解方式

18、，借助词组知识be used to do表达某个东西被用来做某事，故选A。2. 【答案】D【解析】考查非谓语动词。横线非谓语用来修饰people，people和学习之间的关系是主动的，并且和谓语动词is同时发生，所以选择doing的形式，故选D。3.【答案】A 【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语修饰另外一句话主语，我，提醒和我之间的关系是被动，而且提醒这个动作已经结束，不能选择being done的形式，done 表达被动、完成的含义，故选A。4.【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语。逻辑主语为 Robert，主动成长，且根据句义不表示目的和将来，即不选to do，故选B。5. 【答案】C【解析】考查非谓

19、语固定搭配。根据be the first to do，故选C。课中讲解一. 判断非谓语动词LV2【精讲精练】【答案】非谓语动词：drunk，observed，playing，done，to read，come，having finished，having been done谓语动词：swim，come，conduct, observed, come【解析】非谓语动词不能有时态的变化，而谓语动词存在时态变化。【过关检测】（5mins）1. 【答案】remaining，were transferred【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式；谓语动词是一般过去时的被动形式。2. 【答

20、案】helping，understood【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式，谓语动词是一般过去时的被动形式。3. 【答案】protecting，should lay【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing”一般形式，谓语动词情态动词+do的形式。二、【答案】谓语动词：listened，was，pictured，was，took。非谓语动词：asking，taking，looking far，exciting，holding【解析】非谓语动词不能有时态的变化，而谓语动词存在时态变化。二、非谓语动词的主被动LV2【答案】无主动，having been done，无主动，re

21、ad，being tried, to be done【过关检测】（5mins）1. 【答案】Given，被动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是done一般形式。2. 【答案】sung，被动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是done一般形式。3. 【答案】receiving，主动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是doing一般形式的主动形式。4.【答案】Having answered，主动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是doing完成形式的主动形式。5.【答案】to be，主动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“to do一般形式的主动形式。6. 【答案】to be，主动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是

22、“to do一般形式的主动形式。7.【答案】being repaired，被动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“doing进行形式的被动形式。8.【答案】stolen，被动【解析】这里的非谓语动词的形式是“done一般形式。三、 非谓语的基本形式和延展形式LV1【精讲精练】完成下列表格不定式主动被动一般式to doto be done进行式to beto be doing完成式To have doneTo have been done完成进行式To have been doingTo have been being done动名词现在分词主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式hav

23、ing donehaving been done【过关检测】（10mins）1. 【答案】Given，被动【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是done一般形式。2. 【答案】translated，被动【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是done一般形式。3【答案】receiving，主动【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing一般形式的主动形式。4.【答案】Having answered，主动【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing完成形式的主动形式。5. 【答案】having been shown，被动 【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是having done的被动形式。 6. 【答案】Having had

24、，主动 【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是Having done的主动形式。 7.【答案】To master，主动 【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是to do的主动形式。8.【答案】writing 【解析】这句话中的非谓语动词是doing形式，为主动。四、非谓语动词的特殊用法LV3【精讲精练】【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词做hear的宾语补足语，听到某人正在呼救，故选A。【精讲精练】【答案】A【解析】考查的是非谓语动词。句子的结构式动词不定式做形式主语，数据应该是被更新，故选A。【精讲精练】【答案】B【解析】考查的是非谓语动词。only to do 表示出乎意料的结果，而且是被告知，故

25、选B。【精讲精练】【答案】rolling【解析】考查非谓语动词，句子结构为独立主格结构，根据句意可知，眼泪主动的流下来，所以应该是主动形式，故填rolling。【过关检测】（3mins）1. 【答案】B【解析】考查非谓语动词，句子结构为独立主格结构，根据句意可知工作充满了我的脑海，所以应该是主动，故选B。2. 【答案】A【解析】考查非谓语动词，考查的是知识点see sb. do的结构，看到某人做某事，故选A。课后练习补救练习 （3mins）【答案】非谓语动词：gotten，to eat，welcome，quitted , lost, waiting , having been defeated

26、，graduated谓语动词：laugh，mater，graduated，lost, welcome, quitted, withdraw巩固练习 （4mins）【答案】非谓语动词：writing，drawing谓语动词：decorated，were proud of，were impressed by, won拔高练习 （5mins）1. 【答案】published【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，第一本被出版的书，应该是被动形式，故填published。2. 【答案】leading【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，导致打架的争吵起源于彼此的不信任，为主动形式，故填leading。3

27、. 【答案】to die【解析】考查非谓语。根据句意可以得知，他躲过了坠毁，却死在沙漠中，only to do表达的是出乎意料的结果，故填to do。4. 【答案】 to achieve【解析】考查非谓语。考查的是固定搭配 the first to do，故填to achieve。5. 【答案】 located【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：延安，一个座落于西安北部的城市，在过去的这些年里，在旅游业方面取得巨大的进步。Located in分词做后置定语修饰a city,相当于which is located in northern Shaanxi province ,故填located。6. 【答案】 behave【解析】考查非谓语动词。have后面可以加动词原形和动词ing形式作为宾语补足语，have sb do 表示让某人做某事，have sb doing 表示让某人一直做某事。句意：你要是让你的孩子一直这么表现不好，他可能不会和其他人相处。故填behave。7. 【答案】to take【解析】考查非谓语动词。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构作状语，表原因。句意：再有十分钟就开考了，他们被要求上交手机。故填to take。