2022届高考统考英语北师大版一轮复习课时提能练:必修4 UNIT 11 THE MEDIA WORD版含解析.doc
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- 2022届高考统考英语北师大版一轮复习课时提能练:必修4UNIT 11THE MEDIA WORD版含解析 2022 高考 统考
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1、高考资源网() 您身边的高考专家课时提能练(二十一)必修4Unit 11The Media(A).阅读理解A(2020开封市一模)Andrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop,not in a lab or university,yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr.Grey is one of
2、 millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries,only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science,but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization(民主化)to science.“This is a collaborative(合作的)effort that anyone co
3、uld get involved in,”says Chris Lintott,an Oxford University astrophysicist(天体物理学家)and cofounder of Zooniverse,a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field,from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition
4、is involved,there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project,”Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images,graphs,or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans,particularly amateur scientists,d
5、ont stay focused on what theyre supposed to.And thats good,because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”“And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist,”says Sheila Jasanoff,director of the Program on Science,Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizen
6、s producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed then can also be citizen scientists,”she says.Thats what happened in Flint,Michigan,when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels.Citizenpowered research is as old as scientific in
7、quiry.For centuries before science became professionalized,regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models,scientists still welcome help from everyday people.As a professional scientist himself,Lintott says,“People think that were i
8、ntelligent,but science is easy and we need your help.”【语篇解读】数个世纪以来,只有少数普通人为科学做出了贡献。但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化,科学是任何人都能参与的,每个人都有可能成为科学家。1What made citizen scientists appear?AThe high level of science projects.BThe development of technology.CThe support of the government.DThe foundation of Zooniverse.B细节理
9、解题。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.to science”可知,科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化,从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究,促成了公民科学家的出现,故选B。2What is a advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines?AHumans can identify patterns more swiftly.BHumans focus their attention on data.CHumans can observe uncommon things.
10、DHumans have stronger emotions.C细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good,because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知,在模式识别方面,人类与机器相比,人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西,故C项正确。3What is Lintotts attitude towards citizen science?AFavorable.BCautious.CIndifferent.DDoubtful.A观点态度题。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能
11、参与,第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that were intelligent,but science is easy and we need your help”可推知,Lintott支持公民科学,故选A。4What would be the best title of the text?ACitizen Scientists Can Be IntelligentBScience Is Important to EveryoneCAnyone Can Be a ScientistDScience Is EverywhereC标题归纳题。文章第
12、一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题,接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学家的看法,并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知,本文主要肯定了公民科学家,表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点,故C项最适合作文章标题。B(2020广东省七校联合体第二次联考)We live in an age of information.All the information should allow us to make inform
13、ed,datadriven decisions all the time.But this does not mean that you actually use all the information even if you have it.In fact,people readily make snap judgements in a variety of situations.People form lasting impressions of others within a second and consumers make shopping decisions based on li
14、ttle consideration.In a recent study,we asked participants to imagine having pleasant or unpleasant talks with another person.For comparison,we asked another group of participants to consider how many of those talks they would need to determine someones character.We found that people believed they w
15、ould need many talks to make this judgement,while in fact the first group needed few.In another study,we asked some students to write applications for some positions,and then asked actual HR people to read their material.The students wrote much more material than the recruiters cared to read.There a
16、re several reasons why people might have the wrong impression about making judgements.One possibility is the belief that the human mind processes information incrementally (递增地),considering that new information is added to old information until some mental level is reached for making a decision.In r
17、eality,however,the first few pieces of information weigh(有影响)much more heavily than the later information.Sometimes quick decisions are accurate and can save time.However,they may sometimes lead to misunderstandings.Imagine a situation in which a manager with limited information forms an opinion of
18、an employee he is unsure about.A manager who sees an employee make a small misstep (错误)in an unimportant project may avoid offering him challenging projects in the future,which in turn would affect this employees career development.Modern technology allows any decision made today to be more informed
19、 than the same decision made a few decades ago.But the human reliance on quick judgements may avoid this promise.In the exploration for more informed decisionmaking,researchers will need to explore ways to encourage people to slow down the judgement.【语篇解读】我们生活在信息时代,我们掌握的信息使我们做出有依据的、数据导向的决定。但有时我们并不依据
20、这些信息做决定,这样做出的决定有时可能会导致不好的结果。5Whats the meaning of the underlined word“snap”in Paragraph 1?ASlow. BNegative.CQuick. DSatisfying.C词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“within a second”和“based on little consideration”可知,“snap judgments”指的是仓促的判断,由此可知,画线词的含义与quick的含义相近。故选C。6The studies in Paragraph 2 suggest that when peopl
21、e make judgements,they _.Aare easily influenced by their current moodsBprefer to communicate with people they trustCtend to learn from their previous experiencesDactually use less information than expectedD细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知,最近的这项研究发现,人们认为他们需要很多次谈话才能做出这样的判断,而实际上第一组参与者只需要很少的谈话;根据第二段最后一句可知,另一项研究表明学生们写的申
22、请材料比招聘人员尽力看的多得多。由此可知,这两个研究表明当人们做判断的时候,他们实际上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故选D。7What can we know according to Paragraph 3?AGood thinking habits help improve mental health.BEarly information contributes more to decisionmaking.CNew information is more important for knowledge development.DOld and new information will com
23、bine to create careful judgements.B细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,实际上,前几条信息比后来的信息的影响要大得多。由此可知,在做判断的时候,早期信息的影响力度更大。故选B。8What does the example in Paragraph 4 show?ADecisions based on less information can lead to harmful results.BWe can make progress by challenging ourselves.CExcellent employees are good at analyzi
24、ng information.DGood communication skills are necessary for an able manager.A推理判断题。根据第四段第一、二句可知,迅速做出的决定有时可能会导致误解;由下文紧接着举例来说明这一情况可推知,这个例子表明,基于较少信息做出的决定可能导致有害的结果。故选A。.完形填空(2020开封市一模)On a Monday morning,back in 2015,I remembered parking my car outside my doctors clinic in Broadwater,Western Australia.I
25、 felt _1_ and I carefully practiced what I wanted to tell my doctor.Heartbreak,sorrow and the loss of a complete family left me not coping well.I was _2_.I had tried to pick myself up,tried to throw myself into my work as an educator in beforeand afterschool care,and also tried to focus on my art._3
26、_ these efforts,my depression hadnt gone away.It kept _4_ like a cancer in my inner world.I wanted a normal _5_.I wanted to be as healthy as my son,Kai,who was_6_ me.I took a few deep breaths and went into the clinic for my _7_ .After I returned to my car,I shut the door and started_8_uncontrollably
27、.My doctor said I had severe depression.I needed to take antidepressants(抗抑郁药)I had to make some big _9_ to get better. Still sobbing,I was _10_ to hear a knock on my car door.A slim lady with short fair hair_11_ opened it and began to speak calmly and kindly to me.“I dont know what youre _12_right
28、now.But know this,I wish you well.I believe you will be_13_ and what you are going through will pass,”she said.“Can I give you a hug?”There I was,a weeping mess, _14_ accepting this kind strangers comforting hug.All I _15_ to reply in a choked(哽咽的)voice was “Thank you”This was the most significant a
29、ct of _16_ that Ive ever experienced from a stranger.It gave me hope.My _17_started right there.About a year later,I bumped into the same kind _18_ at the opening of an art exhibition.She_19_ me and smiled.She said she could tell I was doing well.We _20_ again,and once more I could express my apprec
30、iation for her act.【语篇解读】作者遭遇家庭变故后变得异常郁闷,去诊所看医生时,被医生诊断为严重抑郁。作者从诊所出来后坐在车里哭泣,一位陌生的女士安慰了作者并给了作者一个拥抱,作者从那时开始好转。一年后,作者再次偶遇那位女士,那位女士也认出了作者并对作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士拥抱并表达了自己的感激之情。1A.confidentBproudCnervous DpatientC根据空后的“I carefully practiced what I wanted to tell my doctor”可推知,作者在面对医生之前很紧张。2A.ashamedBastonishedCdep
31、ressed DconfusedC根据上文中的“Heartbreak,sorrow and the loss of a complete family left me not coping well”可知,作者在这种情况下应是很沮丧,与下文“my depression hadnt gone away” 呼应。3A.WithoutBDespiteCBeyond DThroughB根据空后的“my depression hadnt gone away”可知,尽管做出了这些努力,但作者的抑郁并没有消失。4A.growingBsurviving Cmoving DwanderingA根据本句中的“li
32、ke a cancer”,并结合下文作者失控大哭可知,此处表示抑郁像癌症一样在作者内心继续增长。5A.excuseBlifeCjob DrewardB根据空后的“I wanted to be as healthy as my son.”和语境可知,作者想要一种正常的生活。6A.looking forBwaiting forCwalking aroundDdepending onD根据上文中的“the loss of a complete family”可推知,作者的儿子是依靠作者生活的。7A.schoolBneighborhoodChouseDappointmentD根据上文的“I remem
33、bered parking my car outside my doctors clinic”和语境可知,作者上文是在交代自己去看医生之前的心理状态和故事背景,此处表示作者深呼吸,然后进入诊所赴约。8A.coughingBweepingClaughing DshakingB根据下文的“Still sobbing”可知,作者看完医生后回到车里开始失控哭泣。9A.preparationsBcommentsCchanges DcontributionsC根据本句中的“to get better”和语境可知,作者必须做出一些大的改变才能够有所改善。10A.surprisedBdelightedCdis
34、appointed DexcitedA根据语境可知,一位陌生的女士来敲作者的车门,这让作者感到很意外。11A.quicklyBmadlyCgently DcasuallyC结合本句中的“speak calmly and kindly to me”可知,那位女士应是轻轻地打开作者的车门。12A.describingBobservingCdetermining DexperiencingD作为陌生人,那位女士并不了解作者正在经历的事情,与下文中的“what you are going through”呼应。13A.left behindBlooked after Ccalled on Dturne
35、d offB根据上文的“I wish you well”和上文作者去看医生可知,那位女士告诉作者,“我相信你将得到照顾,你正在经历的终将过去”。14A.calmlyBeagerlyCunwillingly DgratefullyD根据下文的“Thank you”可推知,作者心怀感激地接受了这个陌生人给予的令人安慰的拥抱。15A.managedBdecidedCfailedDattemptedA根据语境可知,作者以哽咽的声音努力回答了一句“谢谢你”。16A.courageBkindnessCwisdomDdevotionB根据上文一位陌生的女士安慰作者并给了作者一个拥抱可知,此处表示这是作者经历
36、的来自一个陌生人的最重要的善举。17A.treatmentBexperimentCrecoveryDadventureC根据上文的“It gave me hope”和下文中的“She said she could tell I was doing well”可知,此处表示作者从那时开始恢复。18A.ladyBdoctorCeducatorDgirlA根据上文的“A slim lady”和本句中的“the same”可推知,作者一年后又偶遇了那位女士。19A.recognizedBforgaveCunderstoodDcomfortedA根据本句中的“and smiled” 和“She said
37、 she could tell I was doing well”可推知,那位女士也认出了作者。20A.metBnoddedCactedDhugged D根据本句中的“again”,并与上文的“accepting this kind strangers comforting hug”呼应可推知,作者和那位女士再次拥抱。 课时提能练(二十二)必修4Unit 11The Media(B).阅读理解A(2020安徽省部分重点学校联考)Gretchen Altman is smiling,leaning back casually,with a cup of coffee in her handHil
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2019届人教A版数学必修二同步课后篇巩固探究:2-1-1 平面 WORD版含解析.docx
