2022年高考英语一轮复习 Module 4 Great Scientists课后练习（含解析）外研版必修4.doc

1、Module 4 Great Scientists课后双卷练透提能得分点A卷单元语基巩固卷.单句语法填空1The boy managed to escape from the burning house，but he couldnt escape being punished/punishment (punish)because the fire was caused by his playing with matches.2Please keep us informed (inform)of any change of address as soon as possible.3Large q

2、uantities of money have been spent (spend)in bringing up his children so far.4His success was a long story，but in brief，he succeeded after many failures.5In face of increasing energy limits，China needs a major breakthrough in mining and exploration.6After the earthquake，the electricity supply failed

3、，making (make)the cooling system break down.7Though earning (earn)his living by selling fruit，the old man contributed much money to help the people hit by the disaster.8I made it clear to him that he was no longer welcomed here.9The attack is believed to have been carried out during the early mornin

4、g hours.10After his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer，he spent all of his time looking after her.选词填空bring up; bring in; as a result of; earn ones livingWang Gang was born and 1.brought up in a remote mountain village，where people mainly 2.earned their living by farming.3.As a result of lacking

5、advanced farming technique，they lived a hard life.After new farming technique was 4.brought in, their life was getting better and better.the key to; carry out; be known for; be diagnosed with；Mrs.Green 5.was diagnosed with breast cancer，and went to a doctor who 6.was known for treating cancers.The d

6、octor 7.carried out a series of treatments on her，and told her that 8.the key to recovering rapidly is to have a relaxed mind.Following the doctors advice，she gradually picked up.完成句子1新老板上台之后我们公司盈利了。Our company gained profits after the new boss came to/into power2学生们不允许携带手机到教室里。The students are not

7、allowed to carry their mobile phones in the classroom.3由于地震，成千上万的人失去了家园。As a result of the earthquake，thousands of people lost their homes.4大量记忆单词是提高你英语水平的关键。Memorizing a large number of words is the key to improving your English5由于缺乏资金支持，我发现公司很难顺利运转。Short of financial support，I found it difficult t

8、o keep the company going smoothly6欧洲的许多机场关闭，造成数千名乘客圣诞节前不能回家。Many airports in Europe were closed down，stopping thousands of passengers from returning home before Christmas.片段写作用本单元知识完成小作文完成片段作文词汇句式升级Alexander Fleming was born in Scotland and brought up (抚养长大) by his mother and his elder brother.With

9、their help，he got educated (接受教育)in a medical school in London.In 1906，he graduated from this school (从该校毕业)as a top student.After that he made great contributions to medical science，but it was his discovery of penicillin that made him earn lifelong honor (使他获得了终生的荣誉).He was famous for this achievem

10、ent，and because of it he received a Nobel Prize.It was clear that (很显然)Fleming is one of the good scientists in history.1.用本单元高级词汇替换加黑单词(1)helpsupport(2)famousknown(3)goodbrilliant2按要求改写句式(1)用分词作状语升级句Alexander Flaming was born in Scotland，brought up by his mother and his elder brother.(2)用“介词which”非

11、限制性定语从句升级句He was known for this achievement，for which he received a Nobel Prize.B卷高考题型组合卷.阅读理解A 语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会科学与技术公众科学(2020惠州市高三第一次调研) As a kid，Joanna Buckley wasnt interested in scienceuntil she had a chance to try it. That happened when she got a chemistry set as a gift.“Over the course of a few

12、 weeks，Id completed every experiment.But in the process，I polluted my parents dining room carpet and burnt the kitchen worktop with the spirit burner，”she says.Now science is Buckleys job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England. “I realize，firsthand，how im

13、portant it is to have something or someone to show you why science is so great，” she says. Now the good news is that citizen science appears.Citizen science takes the fun of experimenting a step further than Buckleys athome experiments. Thats because these experiments are real，looking for novel answ

14、ers.“Compared with a oneoff experiment，whats cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose，”says Amy Prunuske，who teaches microbiology and immunology at a medical college. “Students want to do a good job，because they know scientists are going to use the new data in their ow

15、n research.”Jennifer Longs job is to coordinate (协调) education and outreach.She agrees with Prunuske. “Kids like that its real.And they like that its important，and that it matters.”Citizen science projects have made big discoveries. One found a previously unknown galaxy cluster (星系团). Another projec

16、t helped assess how much damage a big earthquake had caused in Japan.And one of the first citizen science projects helped scientists learn where monarch butterflies go every winter.Some adults worry about teens losing interest in science.They hope that fun，exciting citizen science projects can help

17、them keep engaged，Long says. And she has some evidence that its working.“Last year，we did have a couple of students say，I really think I want to be a scientist now.”文章大意：文章主要介绍了公众科学的用处它寻找新的解决方法并让学生们爱上科学。1What is the purpose of Paragraph 2?ATo show experiments can make teens interested in science.BTo

18、 prove failure is the mother of success in science.CTo state that Buckley has a talent for science.DTo praise Buckley for her strong will.解析：A考查推理判断。第一段第一句表述Buckley小时候在没尝试之前对科学不感兴趣；根据第三段中的“Now science is Buckleys job. She works in the Department of Chemistry at the University of Sheffield in England

19、.”可知，Buckley成功进入科学领域。结合第二段内容可知，在得到了实验工具后，Buckley完成了每一个实验。据此可推知，第二段旨在表明青少年进行实验能让他们对科学感兴趣，故A项正确。2Why is citizen science more fun?ABecause it needs to seek for new solutions.BBecause it carries out experiments frequently.CBecause it must carry out experiments in groups.DBecause it is supposed to handle

20、 complex problems.解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段的内容，尤其是“Thats because these experiments are real，looking for novel answers.”可知，这是因为这些实验是真实的，在寻找新奇的解决方法。据此可知，公众科学更有趣的是它需要寻找新的解决方法，故A项正确。3What can we know from what Prunuske said?AShe participated in the experiment.BShe took pride in what students took up.CCitizen sci

21、ence is popular with students.DScientists are willing to employ students.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第五段第一句中Prunuske所说的话“Compared with a oneoff experiment，whats cool about citizen science is that students get that this has a purpose”可知，与一次性的实验相比，公众科学很棒，学生们明白这是有用途的；据此可推知，公众科学受到学生们的欢迎，故C项正确。4What is Longs attitude t

22、owards citizen science?AConcerned.BSupportive.CDoubtful.DUnclear.解析：B考查观点态度。根据尾段内容可知，Long有证据证明公众科学是有效的，因为有学生说现在想要成为一名科学家。据此可推知，Long对公众科学持支持的态度，故B项正确。【词汇积累】in/over the course of.在期间，在的时候worktop n(厨房的)操作台spirit n工业酒精athome adj.在家里进行(或发生)的oneoff adj.一次性的outreach n外展服务，扩大范围的服务B语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会研究发现社交网络结构与

23、健康(2020石家庄市高三摸底) Your circle of friends may help you get a better reading on your overall health and wellness rather than just using wearable devices such as a Fitbit，according to researchers.The study，published in the journal PLOS ONE，analyzed what the structure of the social network says about the

24、 state of health，happiness and stress.“We were interested in the topology (拓扑学) of the social networkwhat my position within my social network predicts about my health and wellbeing，” said Nitesh V Chawla，a professor at the University of Notre Dame.“What we found was that the social network structur

25、e provides a significant improvement in predictability of the wellness state of an individual over just using the data obtained from wearable devices，like the number of steps or the heart rate，” Chawla said.For the study，participants wore a Fitbit to capture health behavior data about walking，sleepi

26、ng，the heart rate and the overall activity level. They also completed surveys and selfassessment of their stress，happiness and positivity.Chawla and his team then analyzed the data with a machine learning model，alongside the characteristics of an individuals social network.The study showed a strong

27、correlation (相关性) between social network structures and the heart rate，the number of steps and the level of activity.The social network structure provided a significant improvement in predicting ones health and wellbeing compared to just looking at health behavior data from the Fitbit alone.For exam

28、ple，when the social network structure is combined with the data from wearable devices，the machine learning model achieved a 65 percent improvement in predicting happiness.The model also achieved a 54 percent improvement in predicting ones selfassessed health prediction，a 55 percent improvement in pr

29、edicting the positive attitude and a 38 percent improvement in predicting success.This study asserts (断言) that without social network information，we only have an incomplete view of an individuals wellness state. To be fully predictive，it is critical to be aware of the social network，Chawla said.文章大意

30、：研究发现，比起仅仅通过设备去掌握自己的健康状况，结合社交网络结构能让人们更好地了解自己的健康状况。不通过社交网络信息评价一个人的健康状况是不全面的。5What did the study find?AHow people choose their friend circles.BWhat factors decide your friend circles.CHow your circle of friends influences you.DWhat your circle of friends says about your health.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段的内容可知，研究

31、人员说，朋友圈有助于人们更好地了解自己的健康状况；再结合第二段的内容可知，D项正确。6How did the researchers draw their conclusions?ABy comparing data.BBy giving examples.CBy analyzing cause and effect.DBy describing personal experiences.解析：A考查推理判断。倒数第二段和倒数第三段都给出了数据来说明设备结合社交网络结构能更好地预测人的健康等其他方面。据此可推知，研究人员是通过比较数据的方法得出结论的，故A项正确。7What does the

32、underlined word “critical” mean in the last paragraph?AEasy.BCommon.CImportant.DChallenging.解析：C考查词义猜测。根据尾段第一句可知，如果没有社交网络信息，我们对人的健康状况的了解是不全面的；结合语境可知，画线词所在句表示要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可知，C项正确。8What do Chawlas words in the last paragraph tell us?AHow fitness devices can be connected with your circle

33、 of friends.BA persons social network is part of his health picture.CThe best ways to make friends and keep a healthy social circle.DWearable devices are not useful for understanding someones health. 解析：B考查推理判断。根据尾段中Chawla所说的话可知，要想充分预测人的健康状况，了解社交网络是至关重要的。据此可推知，个人的社交网络是描述一个人的健康状况的一部分，故B项正确。【词汇积累】read

34、ing n理解wellness n健康wearable adj.可穿戴的improvement n改进处selfassessment n自我评估(或评价)incomplete adj.不完整的，不完全的，不完善的.七选五语篇类型说明文主题语境人与社会食物安全最容易被忽视的食物安全指南(2020安徽省部分重点校高三联考) You probably think of food poisoning as something that you might pick up at a greasy spoon or an outdoor barbecue stand.1. The way you hand

35、le food in your own kitchenwhich，unlike a restaurant，doesnt have to conform to health regulationscan just as easily make you sick. Here are some most overlooked food safety guidelines.Wash your hands properly.This might seem like the most obvious food safety practice.However，most people dont bother

36、to do it. And the minority that does wash doesnt do it properlywhich might be even more dangerous，because they think theyre protecting themselves and their families，when they arent. 2. 3 Chances are youve probably taken a bite of something in the fridge thats just a bit past the expiration date，in a

37、n effort to see if its safe to eat the rest of it.If its gone dangerously bad，it should taste extremely unpleasant，right? 4. According to the United States Department of Agriculture，there is one type of bacteria which typically doesnt alter the taste，smell or appearance of food.Wash fruit and veggie

38、s，even if youre going to peel(削皮)them.5 The problem is that when you cut away the unwashed skin and then use the same knife to cut up whats underneath that，you actually may be spreading bacteria from the outside to the previously pristine inside. In fact，you can contaminate(弄脏)the veggies further if

39、 your salad bowl or sink is not clean.ANot necessarily.BBetter safe than sorry.CDont taste food to see if its good.D. However you wash your hands，at least wash them.EWhy wash them when you are not going to eat the skin?FBut those arent the only places you might get food poisoning.GYou are supposed t

40、o wet your hands with running water，apply soap and wash for at least 20 seconds.文章大意：本文主要介绍了在我们日常生活中一些被忽视的食物安全指南，包括正确地洗手、削皮前也要洗水果和蔬菜等。1解析：F空前一句是说你可能认为在低级餐馆或户外烧烤摊你可能会食物中毒，空后一句是说你在自己厨房里处理食物的方式也容易使你生病，故F项符合语境。2解析：G根据该段的标题Wash your hands properly.可知，该段是讲正确洗手的内容，故G项“你应该用流动的水弄湿你的手，涂上肥皂，至少洗20秒”与此处匹配。3解析：C此

41、处为该段的标题。根据本段内容可知，食物的味道、气味或外观即使没有变化，过了保质期的食物并不一定可以安全食用，故C项“不要品尝食物以确认其是否是好的”总结该段内容。4解析：A根据语境可知，空处应是对前一句问句的回答，空后一句是说有一种细菌不会改变食物的味道、气味或外观，故A项符合语境。5解析：E根据该段标题可知，该段讲的是水果和蔬菜去皮前要清洗的内容，结合空后一句的内容可知，E项符合语境，故选E。.语法填空语篇类型说明文主题语境人与自然人与动物蝙蝠的作用For a long time bats 1. (be) one of the most fearful creatures in the an

42、imal kingdom. Many pop culture associations with them are 2. (relate) to vampires(吸血鬼). Though these associations are complete misunderstandings，bats do have a dark side as a 3. (danger) disease vector (介体). So there is good reason to be exceptionally cautious if you come into contact with bats. How

43、ever，the fact is 4. bats play a significant role in keeping a balanced ecosystem.Many organic farmers have learned about the benefits of 5. (have) bats nearby to help manage the amount of pests that show up without pesticides. One brown batabout 6. size of a human thumbcan consume about 600 mosquito

44、es and other unwanted insects within an hour. They make for a fantastic，almost essential 7. (add) to pest management on any farm.Even large government organizations have realized the economic benefits of bats. The United States Geological Survey estimates that bats contributions 8. pest management s

45、ave the country 9. (rough) 3.7 billion dollars per year. Without them，we would likely experience a dramatic drop in food production，which would eventually make 10. (it) way into our weekly grocery bills.文章大意：本文主要介绍了蝙蝠在保持生态平衡及经济方面的重要作用。1解析：have been考查时态和主谓一致。句意：很长一段时间以来，蝙蝠一直是动物王国里最可怕的动物之一。根据该句中的“For

46、a long time”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为bats，所以填have been。2解析：related考查固定搭配。句意：许多关于它们的流行文化与吸血鬼有关。be related to意为“与有关”，故填related。3解析：dangerous考查形容词。修饰名词应用形容词，故用形容词dangerous。4解析：that考查连接词。句意：然而，事实是蝙蝠在保持生态系统平衡方面起着重要的作用。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，连接词在从句中不作句子成分，所以填that。5解析：having考查动名词。此处表示许多实行有机栽培的农民已经了解到(农场)附近有蝙蝠的好处。根据空前的介

47、词“of”可知，此处用having。6解析：the考查冠词。此处表示一只大约人类拇指大小的棕色蝙蝠。the size of意为“的大小”，为固定用法，所以填the。7解析：addition考查名词。根据空前的形容词“essential”并结合语境可知，此处用名词addition“添加物”。8解析：to考查介词。此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献，所以填介词to。9解析：roughly考查副词。根据语境可知，此处表示蝙蝠对害虫管理的贡献为美国每年节省大约37亿美元。分析句子可知，此处应用所给词的副词形式，修饰数词。roughly意为“大约，差不多”。10解析：its考查代词。句意：如果没有它们，我们可能会遭受食物产量急剧下降，这最终会影响到我们每周的食品杂货账单。根据空后的名词“way”可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词its。11