初中英语语法系列---冠词.ppt.lnk.ppt

1、Good afternoon!英语中的一些语法概念音的概念什么是音素：音素是语音的最小单位。音素的分类：元音音素和辅音音素。音素的个数：共48个，元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。什么是音标：记录音素的符号叫做音标。什么是国际音标：国际音标是由国际语音 协会规定的一套音标，用来记录世界各主要语言的语音。音素音标英语中的一些语法概念音的分类元音（元音音素）：元音是指发音时不受到发音器官的阻碍发出的声音。（20个）辅音（辅音音素）：辅音是指发音时受到发音器官的阻碍发出的声音。（28个）（元音辅音表见下页）元音字母：Aa、Ee、Ii、Oo、Uu（5个）辅音字母：Bb、Cc、Dd、Ff、Gg、Hh、Jj

2、、Kk、Ll、Mm、Nn、Pp、Qq、Rr、Ss、Tt、Vv、Ww、Xx、Yy、Zz（21个）按音分（48个）按字母分（26个）元音元音字母辅音辅音字母元音12个单元音长元音a:i:u:短元音i ue8个双元音aieiii e u auu辅音10对清辅音p tkfsttrts浊辅音b dgvz3d3drdz3个鼻音mn3个似鼻音hrl2个半元音wj词的概念词性（10类）:英语单词根据其在句子中的功用，可以分十个大类。就是10大词类：名词、代词、数词、动词、形容词、副词、冠词、介词、连词、感叹词。名代数 动形副 冠介连感成分（8类）:组成英语句子的各个部分，叫做句子成分。英语的句子最多由8个句子

3、成分组成，就是8大句子成分，即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语以及同位语。主谓宾表，定状补同词实词:有实在意义，在句子中能独立承担句子成分。虚词:无实在意义，在句子中不能独立承担句子成分。十大词性实词汉语名称简用途例词句法作用名词n.表示人或事物的名称boy,book,table,man主、表、宾、补、定、同代词pron.代替名词、形容词或数词I,you,it,we,their主、表、补、定、同数词num.表示数量和顺序one,two,twenty,third,fifth主、表、宾、定、同动词v.表示动作或状态work,works,working,worked,to work主、

4、谓、表、宾、补、定、状形容词adj.修饰名词，表示人、物的特征red,long,old,good表、定、宾补副词adv修饰动词、形容词或其他副词here,very,often,weekly表、状虚词冠词art.用在名词前，说明名词指的人、物a（an）,the介词prep.表示名词、代词等与其它词的关系in,after,under,on连词conj.连接词与词、短语和短语、句子和句子and,if,but,because感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气oh,er,ough,um，ouch用在名词之前，说明名词所表示的人或事物的词。不能单独使用，必须和名词连用。冠词冠词的分类冠词的分类辅音

5、音素开头的可数名词单数前，“一个”“一种”元音音素开头的可数名词单数前，“一个”“一种”各种情况要记清不定冠词：a,an冠词定冠词：the名词是秃子，常要戴帽子；可数名词单，须用a和an；辅音音素前，记得要用a；元音音素前，用an不用变；若为特指时，a/an变定冠；泛指不可数，定冠看不见；代词置名前，代前不用冠。冠词口诀冠词口诀不定冠词：a/ana book,a table,a woman,a teacher(一个)a panda is a lovely animal.熊猫是一种可爱的动物。an egg,an apple,an orange,an old man不定冠词口诀泛指首提为最多有时表

6、示“同样的”物质抽象表“一场”可数名前为“一类”还可以表示“每一”Such直接加a/an,So加形容再a/an序数词前“又一个”常放Quite等词后固定短语须琢磨使用a/an 的习语have a look:看一看have a try:试一下have a rest：休息一下have a break:停顿一下，休息一下have a cold/catch a cold：感冒have a fever：发烧Have a headache:头痛have a talk：谈话have a good time：过得愉快have a nice trip：旅途愉快in a word：总而言之give a lesso

7、n：教课as a result:结果定冠词：the定冠词用在下列情况：特指双熟悉，上文已提及；世上独无二，序数最高级；某些专有名，习语及乐器。以上口诀归纳了用定冠词的一般情况，即：特指某些人或物 谈话双方都熟悉的人或事 上文已经提到的人或事 世界上独一无二的事物前 序数词和形容词最高级前 某些专有名词前 一些习惯短语（如：in the day等）中和乐器前（如：play the violin/piano）。特指双熟悉：特指某些人或物。谈话双方都熟悉的人或事。Do you like the picture on the wall?The girl in red is my sister.The

8、book on the left is mine.上文已提及:上文已经提到的人或事.There is a hamburger on the table.The hamburger is Li Lins.This is a pen.The pen is new.These are books.The books are teachers.世上独无二:世界上独一无二的事物前.the Sun,the Moon,the Earth(地球)注意：星星不是独一无二的，不能说the star 序数最高级:序数词前和形容词最高级前I am the second child in my family.（我在家排

9、行老二）The first book is English book.第一本书是英语书。He is the tallest student in our class.他在我们班个子最高。Rose is the most beautiful flower.玫瑰花是最美的花。另外：在限定两者范围的比较级前，也可以用定冠词。John is the taller one of the two boys.约翰是两个男孩中较高的那个。某些专有名：某些专有名词前用the.the Atlantic(大西洋)the Yellow River(黄河)the Great Wall（长城）the Titanic(泰坦

10、尼克号)the Peoples Daily(人民日报)the Ministry of Education(教育部)the United States of America（美利坚合众国）习语及乐器:一些习惯短语中和乐器前.in the morning,in the evening,in the afternoon go to the zoo:去公园at the beginning：开头in the end：终于，最后in the middle of：在中间on the left：在左边on the right：在右边by the way：顺便说一下 习语及乐器:一些习惯短语中和乐器前.play

11、 the piano:弹钢琴play the violin：拉小提琴play the guitar：弹吉他另外：形容词前加the,表示一类人。姓氏复数前加the,表示一家人。We should help the old.我们应该帮助老年人。The Smiths are having dinner together.史密斯一家正在共进晚餐。不用冠词的情况：下列情况应免冠，代词限定名词前；专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭；季月节假周日期颜色语种国家人；交通工具冠词删称呼习语国简称。口诀主要概括了一般应“免冠”的情况代词限定名词前；名词前已有作定语用的this、that、some、any、my等限定词

12、。This is my pen.There are some students.专有名词不可数:China,juice 学科球棋三餐饭:表示学科的、球类活动的名词前及三餐总称前。Chinese is my favorite subject.语文是我最爱的科目。My brother likes playing basketball.我哥哥爱打篮球。He usually has breakfast at 7 oclock.他经常7点吃早饭 复数名词表泛指：复数名词表示泛指（一类人或事）时。Human beings love nature.人类爱大自然。季月节假周日期：季节、月份、节日、假日、星期、

13、月份前。in summer;in October;Womens Day;On Sunday;on October 29th Summer is hot.Today is Sunday.We all like Childrens Day.We hold sports meeting in June.（我们六月份举行运动会。）交通工具冠词删：by bus/by taxi/by air/by sea颜色语种国家人：Her coat is yellow.Chinese is my mother tongue.We are Chinese.称呼习语国简称:在称呼或表示头衔的名词前;某些习惯短语中（如：i

14、n bed,go to,go home,on time等）。He is president of USA.他是美国总统。Professor Wang 王教授 We live in China./They come from America.冠词小测验1Does Jim have _ ruler？Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca；Dany；one2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr.ZhaosAan；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors awa

15、yAThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have？I have _ bookThats _ English bookAa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old babyAa Ban Cthe D6 _ tiger is _ ChinaAThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 1B。第一空是泛指；第二空的one是不定代词，用以替代前面的ruler。2A 第一次提到用不定冠词a/an，泛指首提为最多第二次提到用定冠词the,特指双熟悉，上文已提

16、及3C。这是一句谚语，意思是“一天吃一个苹果，用不着看医生。”4C。one强调数量，用以回答“How many？”问句；第二个空是泛指，故用an。5A。one虽以元音字母开头，但以辅音音素w开头，故填a。6C。此句意为：“这只老虎来自中国。”冠词小测验1Does Jim have _ ruler？Yes，he has _ Aan；some Ba；one Ca；Dany；one2There is _ old bike _ old bike is Mr.ZhaosAan；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The 3 _ apple a day keeps the doctors aw

17、ayAThe BA CAn DTwo 4How many books do you have？I have _ bookThats _ English bookAa；an Ba；one Cone；an Done；one 5At that time Tom was _ one-year-old babyAa Ban Cthe D6 _ tiger is _ ChinaAThe；a BA；the CThe；from DThe；the 7We cant see _ sun at _ nightAthe；the Bthe；Ca；D；8 _ useful book it is！AWhat an BHow

18、 a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _“s”on the corner of _ handbagAa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meetingAAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in the worldAA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a 7B

19、。在“太阳、月亮、地球”的前面一般都加定冠词the；at night“在夜晚”，注意该短语中没有冠词。8C 9A。“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素e开头，故填an。10D。第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在“颜色语种国家人”前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language，就得说the English language。“在会议上”应为at the meeting（习惯用语）。11B。the Great Wall长城。“序数最高级”。形容词最高级前用the.7We cant see _ sun at _ night Athe；the Bthe；Ca

20、；D；8 _ useful book it is！AWhat an BHow a CWhat a DWhat 9One afternoon he found _ handbagThere was _“s”on the corner of _ handbagAa；an；the Ba；a；the Can；an；an Dthe；a；a 10 _ old lady with white hair spoke _ English well at _ meetingAAn；an；a BThe；an CThe；a DThe；the 11 _ Great Wall is _ longest wall in t

21、he worldAA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a 12 _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu RiverAThe；a BA；CA；the DAn；the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our schoolAA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writerAa；a Ba；the C；a Da；15They made him _ kingAa Bthe C

22、an D12 _ new bridge has been built over _ Huangpu RiverAThe；a BA；CA；the DAn；the 13 _ woman over there is _ popular teacher in our schoolAA；an BThe；a CThe；the DA；the14He used to be _ teacher but later he turned _ writerAa；a Ba；the C；a Da；15They made him _ kingAa Bthe Can D12C。第一个空是泛指，用a；第二个空是河流名称，故用t

23、he。岛屿海峡和海湾,沙漠河流与群山,船名建筑和组织13B。第一个空：“那边的那个妇女”，是特指；第二个空是指那个妇女的身份、职业，是泛指。14D。第一个空是泛指；第二个空用“零冠词”是因为turn后面的名词前一般都不加冠词。15D。表示某人的职位时可用“零冠词”。称呼习语国简称16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our schoolAa Ban Cthe D17Is he _ American boy？Aan Ba Cone D18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？A；B；the

24、Cthe；Da；19They passed our school _ day before yesterdayAan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking countryAa Ban Cthe D16His father is _ English teacherHe works in our schoolAa Ban Cthe D17Is he _ American boy？Aan Ba Cone D18Does Tom often play _ football after _ school？A；B；the Cthe；Da；19They

25、 passed our school _ day before yesterdayAan Bone Ca Dthe 20Australia is _ English-speaking countryAa Ban Cthe D16B 泛指身份、职业。17A 泛指身份、职业，国籍。18A。固定习语：after school放学以后。19D。固定习语：the day before yesterday前天。20B 泛指。21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The 22This is _ appleIts

26、_ big appleAan；a Ba；the Ca；an Dan；the 23Look at _ horse over thereAa Ban Cthe D24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerousAa Ban CDthe 25There is _ old woman in the carABthe Ca Dan 21She has _ orange skirt _ skirt is nice Aa；The Ban；The Can；A Dthe；The 22This is _ appleIts _ big appleAan；a Ba；the Ca；a

27、n Dan；the 23Look at _ horse over thereAa Ban Cthe D24Dont play _ basketball hereIts dangerousAa Ban CDthe 25There is _ old woman in the carABthe Ca Dan 21B。第一空泛指，第二空特指。22A。两个空都是泛指。23C 特指双熟悉24C 学科球棋三餐饭25D 泛指首提为最多以元音音素开头用an26Beijing is _ beautiful cityIts _ capital of ChinaAa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the 2

28、7Shanghai is in _ east of ChinaABan Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half yearsAa Ban Cthe D29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ footballAa；the Ban；the Ca；Dan；30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ busAan；Ban；a Ca；D；26Beijing is _ beau

29、tiful cityIts _ capital of ChinaAa；a Bthe；the C；the Da；the 27Shanghai is in _ east of ChinaABan Ca Dthe 28Ive been a student there for nearly two and _ half yearsAa Ban Cthe D29Bill is _ English teacherHe likes playing _ footballAa；the Ban；the Ca；Dan；30The museum is quite farIt will take you half _ hour to get there by _ busAan；Ban；a Ca；D；26D 第一空泛指，第二空特指。27D。习惯用语，in the east of在某地区（内）的东部。28A。two and a half years也可说成two years and a half，意思都是“两年半”。29D 第一空泛指，第二空学科球棋三餐饭30A。固定搭配：half an hour半小时，交通工具冠词删：by bus乘公共汽车。Thats all!Thanks a lot!See you next time!