2020-2021学年英语北师大版必修3学案：UNIT 9 PERIOD FOUR　LESSON 4　CAR CULTURE WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Period FourLesson 4Car Culture.重点单词1highway n. 公路2pavement n. 人行道3crossroads n. 十字路口4amount n. 数量5figure n. 数字，数目6somehow adv. 以某种方式7whichever pron. 无论哪个8construction n. 建筑；建筑物construct v. 构筑；建造constructive adj. 建造的；建设性的constructively adv. 建设性地9physical adj. 身体的；物质的physically adv. 身体

2、地；物质地physics n. 物理10engine n. 发动机，引擎engineer n. 工程师11addicted adj. 沉溺于的addict vt. 使沉溺，使沉迷12admit v. 承认，供认admission n. 准许；承认13occupy vt. 占用occupation n. 职业，工作14suit vt. 适合suitable adj. 合适的.核心短语1go_up上升2on_average 平均；通常3be_compared_with 与相比4stressed_out 焦虑不安；心力交瘁5pick_up 捡起；开车接人6be_addicted_to 对上瘾7sit

3、 around 闲坐8have an effect on 对有影响9get stuck in 陷入中，困在中10so what 那又怎样11keep fit 保持健康12around the corner 在拐角处；即将来临13be related to 与有关.经典句式1形容词(短语)作状语How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out, tired and angry?有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？2while表示对比、转折On average, about forty people travel i

4、n one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。3whether引导宾语从句Before you get into your car, think about whether you really need to make that journey.上车前，考虑一下你是否真的需要那次行程。1.ed常用于动词之后构成形容词，表示有生命的东西的状态，意为“的”addictaddicted 沉迷于的exciteexcited 感到兴奋的disappointdisa

5、ppointed 感到失望的inspireinspired 深受鼓舞的2“v.up”构成动词短语，表示“上升；分裂”，在句中作谓语go_up 上升look_up 抬头stand_up 起立；站起来 break_up 分裂；打碎课文预读The Road to Destruction“This morning it took me forty minutes to get to work. More road construction works on the A10！” “Oh really? It took me over an hour. There was an accident on t

6、he M11.”“Youre both lucky. It took me two hours! You dont have to use the M25.”How often have you heard these conversations? How often do we get stuck in traffic jams？ How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out， tired and angry? For many people in Britain, the answer is every day. But ang

7、er and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the motor car. Here are some figures：In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%.There are now 25 million cars in this country.Over three thousand people die every year in road accidents in Britain.In Lo

8、ndon, car engines produce 99% of all carbon monoxide in the atmosphere.Twentyfive thousand deaths per year are caused by air pollution.Some types of cancer are related to traffic pollution.Traffic is one of the major causes of global warming and climate change. The average global temperature is abou

9、t 0.5 degrees centigrade higher than it was 100 years ago.get to work 去上班It takes sb. some time to do sth.某人花时间做某事。construction/knstrkn/n. 建筑；建筑物under construction 在建造之中accident n. 事故by accident偶然，意外地get stuck in陷在中，卡住traffic jams 交通堵塞stressed out(使)焦虑不安，疲惫不堪stressed out, tired and angry为形容词短语作伴随状语。

10、compared to.意为“和相比”，过去分词短语作状语。motor/mt/adj. 机动车辆的 n. 马达，发动机figure/f/n. 数字，数目the number of.的数量a number of 一些，若干go up 上升by prep. 表示数量、程度over prep. 多于engine/endn/n. 发动机，引擎engineer n. 工程师；技师engineering n. 工程学carbon monoxide/kbn mnksad/一氧化碳carbon dioxide 二氧化碳atmosphere n. 大气；气氛per/p/adj. 每，每一be related t

11、o 和有关cause n. 起因 vt. 引起average adj. 平均的 n. 平均水平；平均数centigrade/sentred/n. 摄氏(度)毁灭之路以上部分译文“今天早上，我花了四十分钟去上班。A10公路上施工的地方又多了！”“噢，真的吗？我用了一个多小时。M11公路上发生了一起交通事故。”“你们俩真幸运。我用了两个小时！你们都不必走M25这条路。”这样的对话你多久听到一次？我们有多少次遇到堵车？有多少次我们在极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒的状态下到达办公室或学校？对于许多英国人来说，答案是天天如此。但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。这里有一些数据：在过去的10年里，英国

12、路上行驶的汽车数量上升了30%。现在这个国家有2 500万辆汽车。英国每年有3 000多人死于车祸。伦敦大气中99%的一氧化碳是由汽车的发动机产生的。每年25 000人死于空气污染。有些类型的癌症和交通污染有关系。交通是全球变暖、气候变化的主要原因之一。全球平均温度比100年前高大约0.5摄氏度。以上部分译文既然我们知道汽车对我们不利，那么大家为什么还要继续频繁地使用汽车呢？我们会找出种种借口：“公共汽车让人难以忍受。”“火车经常晚点！”“我没有时间步行。”我也是在说我自己。我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。我曾向绿色和平组织的珍妮托沃讨教怎样放弃(汽车)，她告诉了我6条建议：1尽量步行。25%以

13、上的车程不到两英里这样短的路程步行或骑自行车都很容易。步行可以省钱，保持健康，并且有助于长寿。经常锻炼可以降低50%的心脏病发病概率！2使用公共交通工具。平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。有时乘公共交通工具可能会多花一点儿时间，但是这又有什么关系呢？你可以在公共汽车或者火车上放松一下，读书，和人聊天，或许你能遇见你生命中的挚爱谁知道会发生什么事呢？3出门前仔细考虑。你真的不得不到城市另一边的购物中心去吗？到附近商店购物如何？上车前，认真考虑一下你是否真的需要那次行程。4共用车。如果你真的需要用车，和别人开一辆车去。这样更省钱，又更有益于保护环境。以上部分译

14、文5 不要相信广告！几乎四分之一的电视广告和汽车有关。你会看见一位颇具吸引力的男士或女士开着车快速地行驶在风景秀丽的乡间。那不是真的！那辆新车不会使你更具吸引力。你也不会在空旷的乡间公路上开车。你会在城市里或高速公路上遭遇堵车！6 用某种方式采取行动！我们常常以为自己对噪音、污染和交通危险无能为力。其实不然。如果你居住的街道交通不畅，你可以和邻居谈谈。给报社写封信。去市政府申诉。请求限速。申请画出斑马线(步行区)。做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。不要只坐在那里抱怨！这些办法都很简单，是不是？6种改善我们环境的简便易行的方法。遗憾的是，我必须在此停笔了。我4点钟得去学校接女儿，然后开车去圣斯伯

15、里购物，接着还得送儿子去参加聚会。明天我们要开车去看望我的母亲。交通肯定会很糟糕，但我们又有什么办法呢？课文理解Task One：Fast reading.Judge the following statements true (T) or false (F)1In Britain the number of cars in the last ten years has increased very quickly.(T)2The average global temperature 100 hundred years ago was about 0.5 degrees centigrade

16、lower than it is today.(T)3Many people refuse to use cars because they think cars are bad for us.(F)4You can always drive your new car on an empty country road.(F)5Human can do nothing about the noise, pollution and danger of traffic.(F)Task Two：Careful readingRead the text carefully and then choose

17、 the best answers according to the text.1The A10, the M11 and the M25 are _.AroadworksBroadsCtraffic cones答案：B2The reason for our being stressed out, tired and angry is _.Athat we often hear those conversationsBthe real cost of the motor carCgetting stuck in traffic jams答案：C3We carry on using our ca

18、rs so much because _.Awe are addicted to our carsBwe know cars are bad for usCwe want to make ourselves healthy答案：A4Jenny Trowe advises the writer not to _.Awalk or cycle in a short journeyBuse his car as often as possibleCtravel in buses答案：B5Which of the following best summaries the writers attitud

19、e to cars?AHe thinks cars have more advantages than disadvantages.BHe knows what he should do, but uses his car because it is convenient.CHe thinks it would be easy for all of us to use our cars less.答案：BTask Three：Micro writingRead the text carefully and fill in the following blanks.Take _1_ (act)

20、somehow! We often think there is nothing we can do about the noise, _2_ (pollute) and danger of traffic. There is. If your streets full _3_ heavy traffic, talk to your neighbours about it. Write to the papers. Go to the city government. Ask for _4_ speed limit. Ask for a pedestrian area. Do _5_ (whi

21、ch) of these things that suit you. Dont just sit _6_ and complain!All quite simple, isnt it? Well, Im sorry I must _7_ (finish) this article. Ive got to pick _8_ my daughter from school at four oclock. Then Ive got to drive to Sainsburys to do the shopping. After _9_ I have to take my son to a party

22、. And tomorrow were driving over _10_ (see) my mother. The traffics going to be awful, but what can we do?1action 2.pollution 3.of 4.a 5.whichever 6around 7.finish 8.up 9.that 10.to_see 1 (教材P42)Amount of TV advertising.电视广告的数量(1)large amounts ofa large amount of大量(修饰不可数名词)in large/small amount 大量地/

23、少量地(2)amount to 共计，合计；相当于注意：(1)amount构成的短语“大量的”修饰不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词取决于amount的单复数。(2)amount指“量”，与不可数名词连用；number指“数”，与可数名词连用。即学即用(1)He owed me 50, but could only pay half that amount.他欠我五十英镑，但只能还总数的一半。(2)English learning involves a large amount of memory work.学习英语需要大量的记忆工作。(3)Borrowing money and not retur

24、ning it amounts_to stealing.借钱不还等于偷窃。(4)A_large_amount_of food and medicine was sent to the earthquakehit areas.大量的食物与药品被送往地震灾区。(5)单句语法填空Large amounts of money were (be) saved by taking some measures.A large amount of money has_been (be) spent on the bridge so far.They gave me some help in the begin

25、ning but it did not amount to a great deal.2 (教材P42)Here are some figures.这里有一些数据(1)a good figure好身材a key figure 关键人物keep ones figure 保持体形(2)figure out 计算出；想出；理解figure on 指望；打算figure that. 认为即学即用(1)The above figure did not include workers.上面的数字没有包括工人。(2)They are standing by the seated figure of Shak

26、espeare.他们站在莎士比亚雕像旁边。(3)It took them about one month to figure_out how to start the equipment.他们花了大约1个月的时间才搞清楚如何启动设备。(4)He figured_on some help from his brother.他指望从他哥哥那里得到些帮助。(5)写出下列句中figure的汉语意思My uncle has an income of seven figures a year.数字He has become a figure known to everyone.人物She does exe

27、rcise every morning to keep her figure.身材The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.图案We figured the sensible thing to do was to wait.认为3 admit vt. 承认，供认；让(允许)进入；容纳；接纳(教材P43)I admit：Im addicted to my car.我承认：我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。(1)admit (that)承认admit (to) doing sth. 承认做过admit sb. to/into 允许某人进入；被

28、录取(2)admission n. 承认，供认；允许进入/加入；录取/允许进入的人数；入场费即学即用(1)Only 200 children were admitted to/into the school every year.那时每年只有200名儿童获准入学。(2)The theater admits 1,000 people.这个剧院可容纳一千人。(3)Only when the teacher appeared did he admit his mistakes.当老师来了以后，他才承认了自己的错误。(4)单句语法填空He is unwilling to admit being (be

29、) jealous of his brother.She admitted (admit) that she had stolen the bicycle.He was admitted to hospital suffering from burns.Sam has gained the admission (admit) to a famous university.4 (教材P43)Im addicted to my car.我沉迷于汽车难以自拔。(1)be/become/get addicted to doing sth.对痴迷；沉溺于(2)addict vt. 沉迷于；使上瘾 n.

30、(吸毒)成瘾者；有瘾的人addict oneself to sth. 沉迷于某物(3)addiction n. 瘾，嗜好即学即用(1)I dont want to get addicted to stupid TV programmes.我不想对愚蠢的电视节目上瘾。(2)The children of mothers who use cocaine are often born addicted to the drug.使用可卡因的母亲的孩子通常天生就对毒品上瘾。(3)My brother is a junk food addict.我弟弟就爱吃垃圾食品。(4)We must take som

31、e measures to deal with addiction to alcohol.我们必须采取措施解决酗酒成瘾问题。(5)单句语法填空Many stars are addicted to drugs, and cant give up.The young man addicted himself (him) to alcohol after the failure of his marriage.Addicted to surfing (surf) the Net, the kid stayed in the net bar all night, not going home.We a

32、re worried that you have an addiction (addict) to alcohol. occupy vt. 占领，占据；占用(空间、面积、时间等)；使忙于；(使)全神贯注于(教材P43)On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。(1)occupy sb./sth./oneself with/in doing sth.使忙于(做)某事sb. be

33、 occupied with/in doing sth. 某人忙于(做)某事keep sb. occupied 使某人忙碌(2)occupation n. 居住；占据；工作；职业注意：表示“忙于做某事”的短语还有：(1)be engaged in sth.(2)be busy with sth./(in) doing sth.(3)be employed with/(in) doing sth.即学即用(1)The piano occupies a lot of space in his room.钢琴占了他房间的很大空间。(2)She occupied herself with routin

34、e office tasks.她忙于办公室的日常工作。(3)During the war, Germany occupied many countries, including France.战争期间，德国占领了很多国家，包括法国。(4)单句语法填空A teacher should occupy himself (him) with education as well as in teaching.Occupied (occupy) in looking after three children at home, she no longer has time to enjoy the vari

35、ous activities in the club.Please fill in the form stating your occupation (occupy)6 (教材P43)Take action somehow!以某种方式采取行动！(1)somehow还可以表示“不知怎么地”之意。(2)somehow表示“以某种方式，不知怎么地”；anyhow或anyway表示“不管怎样，无论如何，不论以何种方式”。即学即用(1)Somehow, I dont feel I can trust him.不知什么缘故，我觉得我不能信任他。(2)Somehow,_I cant believe his

36、words.不知什么原因，我不相信他的话。(3)I am going anyway/anyhow,_no matter what you say.不管你怎么说，我都要去。(4)We must get the work finished somehow by tomorrow morning.我们必须设法在明天早上以前把工作做完。7 (教材P43)Do whichever of these things that suit you.做上述任何一件适合你的事情都可以。(1)suit.to.使适合于suit yourself 随自己的意愿suit sb. fine 很适合某人(2)suitable

37、adj. 合适的，适合的be suitable for sb./sth. 适合于某人/某物be suitable to do sth. 适合做某事即学即用(1)Finding a time that suits everyone is a little difficult.找到一个适合每一个人的时间有点难。(2)He was a big man, smartly dressed in a suit and tie.他身材高大，穿着西服打着领带，非常帅气。(3)This area is most suitable to grow wheat.这一带最适宜种小麦。(4)单句语法填空He is be

38、tter suited to a job with older people.You dont want to join the club? Oh well, suit yourself (you)The course is also suitable (suit) for those in the caring professions.Children are not suitable to_have (have) too high pillow.辨析比较fit表示大小、形状、尺寸合适，引申为“吻合”“协调”等suit强调款式、颜色等合适，还用于表示某时间、安排、条件、需要、口味、地位的合适

39、match“与匹配”，强调一物与另一物相配，多指颜色、款式、风格等方面的搭配(go with)即学即用(5)选词填空suit/fit/matchA good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils.Roses clothes and hat dont match.No dish suits all tastes.The coat is small. It doesnt fit me.1 (教材P42)But anger and stress are nothing compared to the real costs of the

40、motor car.但是比起汽车的实际代价，紧张和恼怒还是微不足道的。(1)compare A with/to B 把A和B相比较compare A to B 把A比喻成Bcompare with 与相比/匹敌(2)comparison n. 比较，对照by/in comparison (with.) (与)相比较beyond comparison 无与伦比即学即用(1)Mans life is often compared to a candle.人生常被喻为蜡烛。(2)Compare your answers with those at the back of the book to se

41、e if they are right.把你的答案同书后的答案对照一下，看看是否正确。(3)Compared_to 40 years ago,standards in health care have improved greatly.与40年前相比，卫生保健水平得到了极大提高。(4)单句语法填空I compared the copy with the original, but there was not much difference.We compare teachers to burning candles.Compared (compare) to/with other develo

42、ped countries, China has a larger population.My handwriting doesnt compare with yours.2 (教材P42)In the last ten years, the number of cars on the roads in Britain has gone up by 30%.在过去十年中，英国道路上行驶的汽车数量增加了30%。go away离开，走开go ahead 前进go down 下降，下落go by 经过，过去go against 反对，对(某人)不利，违背go over 复习，检查go through

43、 浏览，翻阅go wrong 出毛病，发生故障go after 追赶，追求go with 与搭配go in for 对感兴趣；参加(竞赛)；从事(某种工作)即学即用(1)The price of homes goes up and people from the area can not afford to buy a house there.住宅价格上涨，本地人买不起自家周围的房子。(2)New buildings are going_up everywhere.到处矗立起新楼。(3)The police examined their car and allowed them to go_a

44、head.警方检查了他们的车后允许他们前进。(4)He would not go_against his parents wishes.他不会违背父母的意愿。(5)We are both going_after the same job.我们俩在谋求同一份工作。3 (教材P43)On average, about forty people travel in one bus, while the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。(1)above/below average在一般水平以

45、上/下；在平均数以上/以下on (an/the) average 通常，一般来说；按平均数计算an average of 平均为(接数词)(2)average v. 平均是；平均为adj. 平均的即学即用(1)I sleep, on average, seven and a half hours every day.我每天平均睡眠时间有七个半小时。(2)The average age of the students is 19.学生的平均年龄是19岁。(3)This car averages 40 miles to the gallon.这辆汽车平均每加仑可行驶40英里。(4)His body

46、 height is well below_average.他的身高远远低于平均水平。(5)单句语法填空He works hard and his schoolwork is well above average.We receive 20 letters a day on average.They have an average of 14 years of work experience.(教材P42) How often do we arrive at work or school stressed out，tired and angry？有多少次我们极度焦虑、疲惫、恼怒地到达办公室或学

47、校？stressed out, tired and angry是形容词短语在句中作状语来说明主语的情况。形容词(短语)在句中作状语，用于说明主语的特征或状态，常表示伴随情况，有时也表示原因、条件、让步等。而且此种用法时常由一个形容词或连词or连接的两个或两个以上的并列形容词构成。即学即用(1)Frightened, she asked me to go with her.由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。(2)Ripe, these apples are very sweet.熟透时，这些苹果是很甜的。(3)Crusoe stared at the footprint, full_of_fear.克

48、鲁索两眼盯着脚印看，满心恐惧。(4)For a moment she just stood there, unable_to_believe what had just happened.她在那儿呆呆地站了一会儿，不敢相信刚才发生的事情。(5)Last night, I lay in bed, awake.昨天晚上我躺在床上，没睡着。(6)Right_or_wrong,_he can always make things worse.无论对还是错，他总是把事情弄得更糟糕。(教材P43) On average， about forty people travel in one bus， whil

49、e the same number occupy thirtythree cars.平均而言，大约40人乘坐一辆公共汽车，而同样数量的人要占据33辆小轿车。while为并列连词，连接两个并列句，表示转折、对比，意为“而，却”。(1)while意为“当的时候，和同时”时引导时间状语从句。(2)while意为“虽然，而；可是”时引导让步状语从句，常位于句首。(3)while意为“而，然而”(对比两件事物)时用来连接两个并列分句，强调前后对比，常位于句中。即学即用(1)You like sports, while Id rather read.你喜欢体育，而我却喜欢读书。(2)He took a b

50、ath while_I_was_preparing_dinner.在我准备晚餐的时候，他洗了个澡。(3)While_theres_life theres hope.只要活着就有希望。(4)While_I_understand_what_you_say,_I cant agree with you.虽然我理解你的意思，但我还是不同意。.单句语法填空1A new water treatment plant is now under construction (construct)2Applicants for the position must have suitable (suit) work

51、experience.3Houses occupied (occupy) by the aged must be centrally heated.4I tried to give up smoking several times before I realized I was addicted (addict)5Everything is expensive! I wonder whether the prices will still go up.6Paul did well in the past examination, and we all believe that he will

52、be_admitted (admit) to a key university next year.7Whichever way you look at it ，nuclear power is the energy of the future.8It didnt take the children long to figure out the correct answer.9He was a good student and scored above average in most subjects.10Eggs, although nourishing, have a large amou

53、nt of fat content.完成句子1Her time is fully occupied_with her three children.她的时间全部用在她的三个孩子身上了。2Large_amounts_of money have been used in the Project Hope.大量的资金已投入到希望工程上。3She has always had_a_good_figure.她的身材一向很好。4Id like to study law at university while_my_cousin_prefers_geography.我希望在大学学法律，而我表妹想学地理。5Harry is so_addicted_to alcohol that he would sell his soul for a bottle of whiskey.哈里如此沉迷于喝酒，他会为一瓶威士忌而出卖灵魂。6Sunny_or_rainy,_he gets up at six and takes a walk in the park.不管是晴天还是下雨天，他总是六点起床，并到公园里散步。- 21 - 版权所有高考资源网