2022版高考人教版英语一轮学案：选修8 UNIT 2　CLONING WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家单元主题语境人与社会之科技发展与信息技术创新， 科学精神，信息安全(2018高考天津卷)话题：3D食物打印 词数：383 难度：Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isnt stopping there.Food pr

2、oductionWith a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces” of food that are

3、 “exactly the same，” freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted, rather than farm to table.Sustainability (可持续性)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production

4、will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae (藻类) and grass to replace the familia

5、r ingredients (烹饪原料).3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock “food” that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.NutritionFuture 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a

6、 professor at Columbia University, said, “Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterdays bread from the supermarket, youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”ChallengesDespite recent advancement

7、s in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste (糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite timeconsuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of

8、 the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and highend restaurants.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了3D打印技术的新发展：打印食物，并详细介绍了

9、与3D打印相关的食品生产、可持续发展、营养以及面临的挑战。46What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production?AIt helps cooks to create new dishes.BIt saves time and effort in cooking.CIt improves the cooking conditions.DIt contributes to restaurant decorations.解析：推理判断题。根据Food production标题下第二句中的“it takes years of experienc

10、e, but a printer makes it easy”可知，利用3D打印机打印食物省时省力。答案：B47What can we learn about 3D food printing from paragraph 3?AIt solves food shortages easily.BIt quickens the transportation of food.CIt needs no space for the storage of food.DIt uses renewable materials as sources of food.解析：推理判断题。根据“from plent

11、iful renewables like algae and.”可知，打印食物的原料是可再生的。答案：D48According to paragraph 4, 3Dprinted food .Ais more available to consumersBcan meet individual nutritional needsCis more tasty than food in supermarketsDcan keep all the nutrition in raw materials解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Food printing could allow consumer

12、s to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins.”可知，3D打印机打印食物可以满足个人的营养需求，故答案为B。答案：B49What is the main factor that prevents 3D food printing from spreading widely?AThe printing process is complicated.B3D food printers are too expensive.CFood materials have to be dry.DSome experts d

13、oubt 3D food printing.解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients.”可知，选项C正确。答案：C50What could be the best title of the passage?A3D Food Printing: Delicious New TechnologyBA New Way to Improve 3D Food PrintingCThe Challenges for 3D Food Producti

14、onD3D Food Printing: From Farm to Table解析：标题归纳题。本文介绍了3D食物打印机的相关信息，谈到其发展现状，它使用的原料有利于食物的可持续发展，人们可以根据自己的营养需求来私人定制食物，但是其发展也受到某些限制。故应选A项“3D食物打印：美味的新技术”。答案：A一、语言能力熟词生义/ 词类活用1cook n厨师2form n. 形状3current adj.当前的4last v持续二、思维品质1阅读技巧借助关键句、段进行推理判断有些推理判断题的解答需要对较多信息进行阅读和推理。因此，解题时应认真阅读试题题干，回到原文找到与题目有逻辑关系的关键句或关键段，

15、并借助其进行推理判断，看与哪一个备选项的内容在意义与逻辑上吻合。例如第47题，根据第三段中的“Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids from plentiful renewables like algae and grass to replace the familiar ingredients.”可知，3D打印机可以使用可再生的原料作为食物来源。故选D。再例如第48题，根据本段中的“Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutri

16、tional content.youd eat something baked just for you on demand.”可知，消费者可以根据自己的需求定制化地做出自己需要的食品来满足自己的需求。故选B。2分析长难句并翻译句子Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook and serve foods on a mass scale.分析that引导定语从句，修饰先行词possible machines, that在从句中作主语。翻译近来的发展已经使得可用于大规模地打印、烹制和供应食品的机器出现。三、文化素养

17、思考：通过阅读这篇文章，你认为3D打印机的优势到底在哪儿？3D打印机的优势在于成本少、可以做出传统技术做不出来的外形、打印出来的东西重量轻。3D打印技术最突出的优点是无需机械加工或任何模具，就能直接从计算机图形数据中生成任何形状的零件，从而极大地缩短产品的研制周期，提高生产率和降低生产成本。与传统技术相比，通过摒弃生产线而降低了成本，大幅减少了材料浪费。 授课提示：对应学生用书第233页NO.1单词在语境中应用，在拓展中记多01核心单词先识记请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1strike her on the head打在她头上2owe him ten dollars欠他10美元3attain su

18、ccess获得成功4obtain a prize得奖5undertake experiments着手做实验6forbid sb.to smoke禁止某人吸烟7bother with trifles为小事而烦恼8object to the proposal反对这个提议9cast a smile 投以微笑10a vain girl一个虚荣心强的女孩子再拓展请填入括号内单词的正确形式1Our teacher is good at making complicated problems simple to grasp, and he believes that complication is not

19、good for his students.(complicate)2The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge. And it also means accumulating intelligence as well as abilities. (accumulate)3From their appearance, we cannot tell the differences between the twins, but the ways they walk are different. And the

20、y also differ in their voices. (differ)4Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it while his father objected to it. (object)5I like to decorate my house with welldesigned decorations，because I think they will make my rooms more artistic. (decorate)6Nowadays few of

21、 us can resist the temptation of smartphones, for the convenience they bring to our life makes anyone trying to be resistant to them finally quit his or her resistance. (resist) 7The professor living in the big city retired last year. After his retirement，he settled down in the beautiful countryside

22、. (retire)8In my view, what he said is reasonable，because there are no other reasons that we can give to fire him from the company. (reason)02阅读单词标注不认识的单词，回查单词表重新记忆accumulatestraightforwardarbitrary mediumcommercial procedurecarrier fateimpact moralturkey adorehatch operaflour clawinitial restorefea

23、ther complicatedconservative constitutioncompulsory identicalchorusNO.2短语在拼写中记牢，在联想中积累必会短语请根据汉语提示完成下列词块1bring back to life 使复生；使复活2pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清3from time to time 不时；偶尔4in good/poor condition 状况很好/坏5in vain 白费力气；枉费心机6cast down 使失望；使沮丧7in favour of the plan支持这项计划8be bound to like it一定会喜欢它词汇积累

24、1学会“反对”和“拒绝”object vi.反对oppose v反对against prep.反对disagree vi.不同意reject vt.拒绝refuse v拒绝decline v婉拒2积少成多accumulate vt.& vi.积累increase vt.& vi.增长enlarge vt.& vi.扩大；放大expand vt.& vi.扩大；膨胀3“in名词of ” 短语全接触in favour/support of赞成；支持in search of寻找in view of鉴于；由于in memory of为了纪念in honour of为了纪念in terms of就而言i

25、n possession of拥有NO.3句式在解读中学懂，在学写中学通请根据提示完成下列句子1then 位于句首，句子用全部倒装语序第二天早上，一个重要的时刻来了。Then came the big moment the next morning.(2019高考北京卷)2do you think作插入语你认为在这篇阅读材料中作者的观点是什么？What do you think is the writers point of view in this reading passage?3that引导表语从句通过这次活动，我感觉到我能够承担起责任，使我更加坚强和坚定。Through the act

26、ivity, what I felt is that I am able to shoulder the responsibility and make me stronger and more determined.(2020高考天津卷)授课提示：对应学生用书第234页1differ vi.不同；相异写作佳句 The twin brothers are alike in appearance but differ greatly in character.这对孪生兄弟外貌很相像，但性格相差很大。归纳拓展 (1)differ in在方面不同differ from与不同(2)difference

27、 n不同之处make a difference起作用；有影响(3)different adj.不同的be different from.in.在方面与不同 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The sisters differ widely in their interests.We should pay more attention to the differences(different) in our body language.Since I was a kid，Ive considered different (differ) jobs I would like to do.(2019高考

28、全国卷)能力提升完成句子I hold the firm belief that we can make a big difference if everyone makes a little effort.我坚信如果每个人都努力一点，我们将起重大作用。2object vi.反对；不赞成 n物体；目标文化金句A 14yearold boy wrote a post on the Internet to object that his Dad took away his lucky money.一个14岁的男孩在网上发帖反对他父亲拿走了他的压岁钱。归纳拓展 (1)object to sb./sth

29、.反对；不赞成object to (sb.s) doing sth.反对(某人)做某事(2)objection n反对；异议；不赞成have/take/make an objection to(doing)sth.对(做)某事表示反对raise an objection to (doing) sth.对(做)某事提出异议(3)objective adj.客观的；无偏见的；真实的；宾格的实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The villagers raised an objection (object)to building a chemical plant beside the river.He o

30、bjected to being treated (treat) like a child. 能力提升句型转换I was opposed to paying that much for milk.I objected to paying that much for milk.(object)I had/made/took an objection to paying that much for milk.(objection)3forbid vt.(forbade/forbad，forbidden)禁止；不准写作佳句 The mother forbids her children to swi

31、m/forbids her children from swimming in the river unless someone agrees to watch over.母亲不允许她的孩子去河里游泳，除非有人同意看护。归纳拓展 (1)forbid doing sth.禁止做某事forbid sb.to do sth.forbid sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事(2)forbidden adj.禁止的；不准的 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/完成句子It is high time that we forbade setting (set)off fireworks in ur

32、ban areas!You are forbidden to leave (leave)the room unless you apologize for what you have done.I think it necessary to forbid shops and supermarkets from offering (禁止商店和超市提供)free plastic shopping bags.能力提升翻译句子禁止学生在校内使用手机，因为它可能会影响学业。Students are forbidden to use mobile phones at school because it m

33、ay affect their schooling.实战贴士 forbid后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语，也可用forbid sb.to do sth.形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow，permit，advise等。4owe vt.欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于；应感谢写作佳句 I owe it to my English teacher that I have made great progress in my English.我在英语上取得了很大进步，这要归功于我的英语老师。归纳拓展 (1)owe sb.sth.owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物(2)owe.

34、to.把归功于owe it to sb.that.多亏某人(3)owing to.因为；由于 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空/同义替换My English teacher is such a great soul, to whom I owe many thanks.I owe it to you that I can get so much progress. Thanks to (Owing to) his optimism and perseverance, he was admitted into Beijing University.能力提升完成句子Wherever we are to

35、day, we owe it to our parents who have given and taught us so much.如今无论我们身在何处，都要感谢我们的父母，他们给予了我们很多，教会了我们很多。5bother vt.打扰vi.操心n.烦扰写作佳句 I do need your valuable suggestions，hoping it wont bother you much.(2020高考全国卷)我确实需要你宝贵的建议，希望不会打扰你太多。归纳拓展 (1)bother sb.with/about sth.为某事打扰或麻烦某人bother doing/to do sth.费

36、心做某事bother about sth.为某事烦恼It bothers sb.that./to do sth.使某人苦恼的是(2)have bother (in)doing sth.费劲/有麻烦做某事实战演练基础练透单句语法填空It bothers me to think of her alone in that big house.I dont want to bother her with/about my problems at the moment. Dont bother to look/looking (look) for my umbrella, and it will tur

37、n up some day. 能力提升句型转换Did you have much trouble/difficulty (in) finding the house?Did you have much bother (in) finding the house?6strike v(struck，struck)打；撞击；罢工；袭击；报时n.罢工写作佳句 Mount Tai has struck its beauty into my heart；as a result，it strikes me that I will visit it again.泰山的美让我刻骨铭心，因此我突然想到我会再次游览

38、泰山。归纳拓展 (1)be struck by/with.被击中；被打动It strikes sb.that.某人突然想起strike.into ones heart使刻骨铭心strike sb.as/being.给某人的印象是(2)be/go on strike在/举行罢工实战演练基础练透一词多义He struck the table with his fist.vt.打The area was struck by an outbreak of cholera.vt.侵袭He struck me as more eager to win the match.vt.给(某人以)印象The ai

39、rport is still paralysed by the strike.n.罢工The child ran into the road and was struck by a car.vt.撞击At this point, it suddenly struck me that I was wasting my time.vt.突然想到The clock on the wall struck nine.vt.报时能力提升补全句子/句式升级Because we are struck by your talent (被你的天赋打动)in the robotic competition，Id l

40、ike to invite you to join us.(2018高考天津卷)Struck by your talent in the robotic competition，Id like to invite you to join us.(分词短语作状语)7pay off得到好结果；取得成功；偿清；(付清工资后)解雇写作佳句 I was very interested in English and worked hard at it.Finally all my efforts paid off.我对英语非常感兴趣而且付出了努力，最后我所有的努力都得到了回报。归纳拓展 pay for为付

41、款pay back还钱；报复pay a visit to拜访pay attention to注意实战演练基础练透一词多义Did your daring plan pay off？取得成功Her debts were not paid off until last year.还清When the building was completed，he paid off the workers.(付清工资后)解雇His hard work in college paid off at last.He has become a famous scientist.得到回报能力提升完成语段Li Hua ha

42、d dreamed of paying a visit to Hangzhou since he was a little child. Last year, he paid for the visit with a debt. Since then, he has been working hard to pay back his debt. His efforts finally paid off and he paid off all his debt. Since then, Li Hua has been paying attention to the way he spends.李

43、华从小就梦想着去杭州旅游。去年，他带着债务为这次旅行买单。从那以后，他一直努力工作以偿还债务。他的努力终于有了回报，他还清了所有的债务。从那以后，李华一直注意他的消费方式。8that引导的表语从句教材原句 The advantage is that if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.其优势是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能

44、会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。归纳拓展 (1)that引导表语从句时，that在句中无词义，但通常不能省略。(2)The advantage/strength of.is that.的优势是The disadvantage of.is that.的不足是The drawback of.is that.的缺点是The chance is/The chances are that.有可能 实战演练基础练透单句语法填空The disadvantage of the area is that there is no public transport.The chance

45、 is that our team will finish at the top，as our remaining matches arent too difficult.The drawback of the plan is that it costs a lot of money.能力提升完成句子What you should be aware is that were going to play against all the other school teams in our game section.(2019高考全国卷)你应该知道的是，我们要在游戏区和其他所有的校队比赛。授课提示：

46、对应学生用书第237页教材与高考.阅读理解障碍词 1阅读词汇认知(2019高考全国卷)The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plasticlike parts.adj.简单的(2019高考江苏卷)It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions.However，they have

47、 real impacts，as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.n.影响(浙江卷)We do emails and PowerPoint, surf the Internet，and feel were at the cutting edge.处在最前沿(北京卷)Finally, you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.vi.突然想到2一词多义(2019高考北京卷)Phone carriers a

48、nd consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.DA携带者B搬运工C运输工具D运营商(2018高考全国卷)But good news is that therere really only three kinds of decisions you need to make about color in your home: the small ones, the medium ones, and the large ones.CA媒介B手段C中等的(201

49、9高考天津卷)History is much more than the study of dusty old objects and events long past.BA目标B物件C反对.语言运用高频点1语法填空(2020高考江苏卷)Then they compared the samples.There were considerable differences (differ)(2020高考全国卷)The beautiful long branches covered with pinkcolored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations (deco

50、rate)(2019高考全国卷)Popularity (popular) is a wellexplored subject in social psychology.(2019高考全国卷)Shes unable to meet (meet) her schedule.(2019高考全国卷)Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact on college admissions and practical life skills.2完形填空(2019高考全国卷)However, I soon discover that much has changed

51、 since the days of disturbing reports of camps among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are significant but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .Apaying offBspreading outCblowing upDfadi

52、ng away解析：根据上文描述的这座山的环境情况有所改观可知，此处指坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎得到了回报。pay off“奏效，获得成功”；spread out“伸展，散开”；blow up“爆炸”；fade away“逐渐消失”。答案：A(2019高考全国卷)Jeff had hunted in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog, Rosie, but the gun shots had scared the dog off. Jeff searched 55 for Rosie in the next four days.Aon pur

53、poseBon timeCin turnDin vain解析：根据上文可知，Jeff带着他的狗Rosie在Iowa打猎，但是枪声把狗吓跑了。Jeff寻找四天，也没有找到他的狗Rosie，即徒劳无功。in vain是固定短语，意为“徒劳无益，白费力气”。答案：D(2017高考天津卷)Influenced by her story, I created the As We Heal (痊愈), the World Heals project. My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise $50,000 in support of a m

54、ovement founded 30 years ago to end hunger. This combination of healing myself and healing the world 26 me as the perfect solution.AscaredBconsideredCconfusedDstruck解析：根据上文可知，此处表示：把个人的减肥与帮助解决世界问题结合起来，这让作者觉得这是完美的解决办法。strike sb.as sth.表示“给某人印象”，因此选D。答案：D.书面表达亮点练1(2020高考全国卷)他的教学对我的学习和生活都产生了很大的影响。(make

55、a difference)His teaching has made a great difference to my study as well as my life.2(2020天津3月高考)根据我自己的经验，网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式，所以我赞成。(in favour of)Based on my own experience, learning English online is really a great way for English learners. So I am in favour of it.3(2018高考北京卷)在中国，你一定会有一次难忘且有收获的

56、经历。(be bound to)You are bound to have an unforgettable and rewarding experience in China.4(浙江6月高考)计划的好处在于它详细地告诉我们如何做我们想做的事情。(that引导的表语从句)The advantage of planning is that it tells us in detail how we do what we want to do.素养与落实用本单元词汇、句式和语法知识写满分作文最近你班就是否发展克隆技术进行了讨论。请按以下写作要点写一篇短文。要点如下：支持：克隆技术有益人类；反对：引

57、起伦理问题；你的观点。Step 1补全要点句(黑体部分请利用本单元所学词汇)我们对克隆技术是否应该被发展进行了热烈的讨论。大家观点分歧很大。There has been a heated discussion about whether cloning technique should be developed.Opinions differ greatly from person to person.有些人赞同发展克隆技术，他们认为这一定会让人类受益。(同位语从句)Some who are in favour of its development hold the belief that i

58、t will be bound to benefit human.能生产大量的商业食品满足人们的需求，这是克隆的好处之一。Large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs，which is one of the advantages of cloning.我们也可以克隆人体器官作为医疗用途。We can also clone human body organs for medical use.另外一些人强烈反对，因为他们沮丧地发现克隆会引发一系列的道德问题。Others strongly obje

59、ct to it，because they feel cast down to find that it could raise a storm of moral questions.我认为，只要所有人答应恰当利用克隆技术，克隆才会取得成功。In my opinion，cloning will pay off as long as all undertake to use it properly.Step 2升级平淡句利用表语从句升级句One of the advantages of cloning is that large quantities of commercial food can be produced to meet peoples needs.- 39 - 版权所有高考资源网