2019-2020学年外研版英语选修八同步讲义：MODULE 5 THE CONQUEST OF THE UNIVERSE SECTION Ⅱ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Section Introduction & Reading and VocabularyLanguage Points accustomedadj.习惯的；通常的，惯常的 (作定语)(教材P58) Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become accustomed to the idea of space travel.自从尼尔阿姆斯特朗在1969年7月21日首次踏上月球以来，人们对太空旅行这一概念已经非常熟悉。(1)be accustomed

2、to (doing) sth.be used to (doing) sth.习惯于 (做)某事 (强调状态)get/become accustomed to (doing) sth.get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于 (做)某事 (强调动作)(2)accustom vt. 使习惯于accustom oneself to (doing) sth.使自己习惯于 (做)某事He took his accustomed seat by the fire.他在炉火边惯常坐的座位上坐了下来。Somehow，I couldnt get accustomed to the

3、cold weather here.不知怎么回事，我就是不能适应这里的寒冷天气。即学即练单句语法填空 (牛津词典)She was a person accustomed (accustom) to eight hours sleep at night. (江苏卷)They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed to not talking (talk) at meals.链接写作完成句子/句式升级我习惯于生活在乡村，总是觉得生活在城里很困难。 (普通表达)I am accustomed to living/accustom myself

4、to living in the countryside, and I always find it hard to live in the city. (高级表达)Accustomed to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city(过去分词短语作状语) (高级表达)Accustoming myself to living in the countryside, I always find it hard to live in the city(现在分词短语作状语) assumev(想当然地)认为

5、，假定；担任，承担 (责任)(教材P58)The world was in shockmaybe they assumed this space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.世界震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。(1)assume that.假定，认为assume.to be.认为是；假定是It is (generally) assumed that.人们 (普遍)认为(2)assuming that假定 (作状语) (3)assumption n.假定；假设 (201

6、6江苏卷)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden within the work.在艺术评论中，你必须设想艺术家在艺术作品里隐藏着秘密信息。I made a mistake so I will assume responsibility for it.我犯了错，因此我会为此承担责任。即学即练单句语法填空 (江苏卷)Where unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed (assume) that the latter is due t

7、o the former. (2018江苏卷)Try to understand whats actually happening instead of acting on the assumption (assume) youve made.链接写作词汇升级 (普通表达)If there wasnt the hard work of the dustman, what can you imagine our environment will be like? (高级表达)Assuming (that) there wasnt the hard work of the dustman, wha

8、t can you imagine our environment will be like? patiencen耐心(教材P59)We didnt have much patience waiting for the launch.我们迫不及待地等着它起飞。(1)have (no) patience with 对 (没)有耐心have the patience to do sth. 有耐心做某事with patience 有耐心地(2)patient adj. 忍耐的；有耐性的n. 病人be patient with sb. 对某人有耐心(3)patiently adv. 耐心地Patien

9、ce and devotion are essential to scientific research.科研工作要有耐心和奉献精神。 (牛津词典)She has no patience with people who are always grumbling.她对那些总发牢骚的人没有耐心。即学即练单句语法填空 (辽宁卷)She was usually patient with her students and never made them disappointed.a(江西卷)Whenever I made mistakes, the teacher pointed them out wi

10、th patience (patient)b(2017天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients (patient) to be treated.c(广东卷)She patiently (patient) explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them. in spite of尽管；不管(教材P59)In spite of all our advanced tech

11、nology, the world is still only at the very beginning of its voyage into space. 即使我们掌握了现在的全部先进技术，我们这个世界依然只是处于太空旅行的起步阶段。(1)in spite ofdespite 尽管；不管 (强调客观情况)in spite of/despite the fact that.尽管事实是(2)regardless of 不管；不顾 (强调主观态度) In spite of his old age, he still leads an active life.尽管年事已高，他依旧过着一种忙碌的生活

12、。In spite of all his efforts，he failed. He was so upset about himself that he felt like crying.尽管他很努力却还是失败了，他伤心地想哭。链接写作一句多译尽管交通拥挤，他还是设法准时到达了。In spite of/Despite the heavy traffic, he managed to come on time(in spite of/despite)Although/Though the traffic was heavy, he managed to come on time(althoug

13、h/though)Heavy as/though the traffic was, he managed to come on time(倒装句)in spite of是介词短语，相当于despite, 后跟名词、代词或动名词作让步状语；而though, although和as是从属连词，后跟让步状语从句。 burstv(使)爆裂，胀开；突然出现n突发；爆裂(教材P59)to burst with a lot of force and loud noise伴随着强大的力量和巨大的声响突然爆炸了(1)burst in/into突然闯入burst into sth.burst out doing

14、sth.突然开始做某事burst with joy/happiness/anger非常高兴/勃然大怒(2)a burst of laughter/anger一阵大笑/勃然大怒The driver lost control of the car when a tyre burst.一个轮胎爆了，司机对车失去了控制。His appearance on the platform was greeted with a burst of applause.他一登台就博得了一阵热烈的掌声。即学即练单句语法填空a.They all burst into laughter (laugh)at the funn

15、y expression on his face.bThey all burst out laughing (laugh) at the funny expression on his face.Suddenly the door opened and a group of children burst in链接写作完成句子我经过时，房间里传来一阵笑声。There was a burst of laughter in the room when I passed by.no比较级than和一样不(教材P58)The world was in shockmaybe they assumed th

16、is space flight would be no more dangerous than getting on an aeroplane.世界震惊了也许他们原本都认为这次太空飞行跟乘坐飞机一样没什么危险。句中no more dangerous than意为“和一样没危险”。“no比较级than.”为固定结构，表示“和一样不”。(1)not比较级than.不如，没有到的程度(2)no more than (only)不过，仅仅not more than (at most)不超过，至多(3)more than多于，超过；不仅仅；非常less than不足，少于This book is no

17、more interesting than that one.这本书和那本书一样令人不感兴趣。My older sister speaks English no better than I (do)我姐姐的英语说得跟我一样不好。链接写作完成句子他的书写同我的一样不好，因此我们不得不找老师帮忙。His handwriting is no better than mine, so we have to ask our teacher for help. 玛丽不如她的姐姐漂亮。但是，她是她们中最勤奋的。Mary is not more beautiful than her sister. Howev

18、er, Mary is the most diligent of them.仅有十张票剩下。There are no more than ten tickets left.做这个试验的人不到五个。The experiment was done by not more than five persons.要建设我们的国家，我们不仅仅需要物质财富。We need more than material wealth to build our country. 品句填词1It was the most terrifying accident Id ever witnessed (目睹), which

19、made me have bad dreams for several days.2We must bring in the advanced (先进的) technology in a short time.3Assuming (假定) that you get a place at university, how are you going to finance your studies?4She explained the question to the boy five times with great patience (耐心)5Surprisingly, he had leapt

20、(跳跃) from a window in the high building and escaped.6We believe the students will soon get accustomed (习惯的) to the climate.7We are watching with you this great historic (历史性的) event and share with you the joy and happiness.8They managed to complete the task ahead of time with their joint (共同的) effor

21、ts.9Every one here likes to tune (收看) in to Channel 2 to hear the news.10Hundreds of people were flooded out when the river burst (爆裂) its banks. 单句改错1(2019北京西城区高二期中)With the level of haze rising greatly, many people work to raise public awareness to environmental protection. 第二个to改为of2In spite for

22、great efforts, we failed to carry out our plan through. forof3. Weather permits, well go to visit our teacher this afternoon. permitspermitting4Who was the first man to set feet on the moon? feetfoot5In the very beginning of this collecting activity, it was not so warmwelcomed. InAt 课文语法填空Ever since

23、 Neil Armstrong first set foot 1.on the Moon back on 21st July, 1969, people have become 2.accustomed (accustom) to the idea of space travel. All three astronauts made it safely back to Earth，3.using (use) a spaceship computer 4.that/which was much less powerful than the ones used by the average sch

24、ool students today. By the time the Challenger took off in 1986, the world seemed 5.to have lost (lose) its fear and wonder at the amazing 6.achievement (achieve) of people going up into space. But this was going to be a special flight and so millions of people tuned in to witness the takeoff on TV.

25、 7.Sadly (sad) the Challenger had exploded in midair. It 8.happened (happen) so quickly and everyone was in a state of shock. In spite of all our 9.advanced (advance) technology, the world is still only at 10.the very beginning of its voyage into space. 单句语法填空1The theory is based on a series of wron

26、g assumptions (assume), so it cant be put into practice.2(2019湖南长郡中学高二月考)As he walked into the classroom with that funnylooking hat，everyone burst out laughing (laugh)3He is a foreigner and he is not accustomed to being treated (treat) like that.4What about the two cars?This one is no more expensive

27、 (expensive) than that one. But the blue one uses less oil.5(山东卷) In spite of many invitations，he would always decline to visit Oxford.6I seem to have seen (see) you before, but I cant remember where I saw you.7It is difficult to be patient (patience) when you are stuck in a traffic jam.8My hometown

28、 isnt what it used to be. The last decade has witnessed (witness) great changes in the city images.9(江苏卷)Much time spent (spend) sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.10The teacher knows that you are always the first to come (come) to the classroom since last Se

29、ptember. 阅读理解ASatellites are an important part of our ordinary lives. For example, the information for weather forecasts is sent by satellite. Some satellites have cameras which take photographs of the Earth to show how clouds are moving. Satellites are also used to connect our international phone c

30、alls.Computer connections of the World Wide Web and Internet also use satellites. Many of our TV programs come to us through satellites. Airplane pilots also sometimes use a satellite to help them find their exact location.We use satellites to send television pictures from one part of the world to a

31、nother. They are usually 35，880 kilometers above the equator. Sometimes we can see a satellite in the sky and it seems to stay in the same place. This is because it is moving around the world at 11, 000 kilometers an hourexactly the same speed that the Earth rotates. A satellite must orbit the Earth

32、 with its antennae (天线) facing the Earth. Sometimes, it moves away from its orbit, so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position. This usually happens about every five or six days.Space is not empty! Every week, more and more satellites are sent int

33、o space to orbit the Earth. A satellite usually works for about 1012 years. Satellites which are broken are sometimes repaired by astronauts or sometimes brought back to Earth to be repaired. Often, very old or broken satellites are left in space to orbit the Earth for a very long time. This is very

34、 serious because some satellites use nuclear power and they can crash into each other.【解题导语】卫星不仅在科学探索方面起着重要作用，而且在我们的生活中也起着非常重要的作用。1Which of the following is NOT done by satellites according to the passage?ASending information for weather forecasts.BTaking photographs of the Earth.CSending TV picture

35、s.DProviding food for airplane pilots.D解析：细节理解题。根据前三段的内容可知，D项不是卫星做的事情。2How fast does the earth rotate?A35，880 kilometers per hour.B335，880 kilometers per hour.C11，000 kilometers per hour.D110，000 kilometers per hour.C解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第四句话可知。3What is the function of little rockets on a satellite?ATo se

36、nd a satellite.BTo make a satellite in place.CTo send more pictures.DTo connect our international phone calls.B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“so there are little rockets on it which are used to put the satellite back in the right position”可知，卫星内安装的小火箭把卫星拉回到正确的位置，故选B。4Which of the following is TRUE of satellites?AA

37、 satellite can be used to send television pictures internationally.BEvery time a satellite gets broken, it is brought back to the Earth to be repaired.CA broken satellite is never left in space.DThey often crash into each other.A解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“We use satellites to send television pictures from one

38、part of the world to another.”可知A项正确。BPollutions serious effects on the environment have become more obvious in recent years. Most scientists agree that efforts are necessary to protect our environment from further harm.As we know，the construction industry consumes a large quantity of energy and res

39、ources and creates a huge amount of pollution. So green buildings are in great need.The environmental benefits of green buildings include the protection of ecosystems and biodiversity (生物多样性)，improved air and water quality，less waste flowing into streams and the protection of natural resources. Gree

40、n buildings can also result in lower operating costs because they typically use less energy and fewer materials and improve indoor air quality，improving the health of people who live there.The process of building green houses includes technical and artistic planning with nature protection in mind. B

41、uilding designs often reflect the surrounding environment and natural resources and use renewable building materials such as bamboo and straw. In addition，recycled resources found locally are used for green buildings，reducing the cost and air pollution associated with transporting materials long dis

42、tances.Careful site selection is important to minimize (使减少到最低限度) human effects on the surrounding environment. For example，placing a structure in an area that allows it to take advantage of cool breezes (微风) and sunlight can reduce energy use and expenses. More energy and expenses are needed for la

43、rger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs. These roofs are partially or completely covered with plants，which helps to keep heating and cooling costs low，prevent water running off and deal with po

44、llutants.Other features of green buildings often include energy and water protection，recycling and waste reduction. In addition，renewable energy sources such as solar power，waterpower and wind power are used for heat and electricity，which greatly reduces costs and decreases the influence on the envi

45、ronment.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了绿色建筑的优势和特色。5What can we know about green buildings?AProducing no waste.BOnly using clean energy.CBeing made of new materials.DBeing environment friendly.D解析：推理判断题。根据对全文的整体理解特别是第三段的内容可推知，绿色建筑整体上是环保的，故选D。6What is a green building probably like according to the fifth paragraph?ALar

46、ge. BSmall.CGreen. DLow.B解析：细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句“More energy and expenses are needed for larger buildings as well，so it is important to build the small ones.”可推知，绿色建筑应该倾向于小型建筑，而非高楼大厦，故选B。7What is the purpose of using green roofs?ATo fit the environment.BTo keep warm.CTo collect nature water.DTo reduce co

47、sts.D解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Green roofs are another feature of green houses that reduce energy use and costs.”可知，绿色屋顶可以降低能源使用和成本，故选D。8What is the text mainly about?APromoting energy efficiency.BEnvironmental benefits.CGreen buildings.DEcosystems and biodiversity.C解析：主旨大意题。根据文章的关键词“green buildings”和对全文的整

48、体理解可推知，本文主要讲的是绿色建筑，故选C。 七选五What to Do When Someone Doesnt Like YouWhen someone tells me “I dont care if people like me”，they are showing me the emotional wall they use to block the hurt of rejection.As humans are social animals，all of us care if people like us. Based on the need for social connectio

49、n，your reactions to rejection and negative judgment can range from minor hurt to outbreaks of depression. 1._ The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction. Ask yourself，“What am I feeling？”2._ Any betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart? Identify what feeling has

50、shown up in your body，so you can choose what to do next.3_ When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you. Did they truly mean to offend you，or make fun of you? Your brain works very hard to keep you safe，so it will judge a situati

51、on as threatening if there is any possibility of social harm.When our brains sense a possible threat，we react as if we were personally attacked. Take a breath to relieve the stress. 4._ Finally，if you believe the person doesnt like you，ask yourself if this matters. 5._ If not，what can you do to rele

52、ase your need to be liked by this person? And，what can you do to stay neutral and not return the dislike? The more you can come to accept others as who they are，the more you can move forward with your goals regardless of if someone likes you or not.AIf you can，look the person in his eyes.BDo you fee

53、l any fear or anger in your head?CAsk yourself what is true about the situation.DOften people do not realize the impact of their words.EWill the persons judgment of you impact your work or life?FThe ability to let a show of dislike roll off your back is a learned skill.GThis will ground you in the p

54、resent and take you out of your trembling mind.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了如何摆脱不受别人喜欢的情况的方法和策略。1F解析：由空处承接下文“The first step to handle a negative situation is to recognize your reaction.”可推知，本空是一个承上启下的过渡句，即应对别人的拒绝和负面评价是一种可以学习的技能，下文具体阐述如何达成这种技能，所以选F项。2B解析：由空处承接上文“Ask yourself，What am I feeling？”可推知，此处表示个人的感情倾向，与下文“An

55、y betrayal (背叛) or embarrassment in your heart？”呼应，所以选B项。3C解析：由空处承接下文“When you sense yourself shutting down or feeling defensive，ask yourself what the person actually meant to do to you.”可知，本段主要讲的是要搞清楚真实的状况，然后再具体地应对，故选C项。4G解析：由空处承接上文“Take a breath to relieve the stress.”可推知，空处应进一步讲这样做的好处，所以选G项。5E解析：由空处承接上文“Finally，if you believe the person doesnt like you，ask yourself if this matters.”可推知，搞清楚他人的不喜欢对自己是否有影响对接下来的应对很重要，这种影响可能是工作或生活上的，所以选E项。