2022届高三英语全国统考一轮复习讲义：模块四 第7讲 定语从句 WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。模块四五彩缤纷的从句: 三大从句和特殊句式第7讲定语从句. 语法填空1. (2020全国卷)China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot where it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth. 2. (2020全国卷)In ancient China lived an artist wh

2、ose paintings were almost lifelike. 3. (2019全国卷)They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals. 4. (2019江苏高考)We have entered into an age when dreams have the best chance of coming true. 5. (2019浙江高考)On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth

3、that/which gives off light in the dark. . 语法填空二谨记1. 确定定语从句关系词的解题要领: 根据定语从句中所缺成分来确定是用关系代词还是关系副词。 2. 关系词应遵循“缺什么, 补什么”的原则(1)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少主语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that; 非限制性定语从句中用who。(2)如果先行词指人, 定语从句中缺少宾语, 限制性定语从句中用who/that/whom; 非限制性定语从句中用whom。(3)如果先行词指物, 定语从句中缺少主语或宾语, 限制性定语从句中用which/that; 非限制性定语从句用which。(4

4、)如果先行词指时间或地点, 定语从句中缺少时间状语或地点状语, 则用when或where; 如果缺少主语或宾语, 则用that或which。(5)在“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句中如果先行词指人, 则关系词用whom; 如果先行词指物, 则用which。. 短文改错1. (2020全国卷)Thank you for your letter, what really made me happy. (whatwhich)2. (2020全国卷)Understanding her good intentions, I eat all the food what is provided by Mom

5、with appreciation. (whatthat)3. (2019全国卷) One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. (wherewhen)4. (2018全国卷)They also had a small pond which they raised fish. (whichwhere或在which前加in). 短文改错二定法1. 在短文改错中重点考查“介词+关系代词”, 关系副词和关系代词的混淆。2. 慧眼识别短文改错中定语从句的4个易错点(1)缺失关系词

6、; (2)定语从句中没有考虑关系词充当的成分; (3)定语从句中谓语动词的单复数弄错; (4)定语从句中介词漏用或错用, 介词后关系代词的错用。定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中作定语, 修饰一个名词或代词, 有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词一览表关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(=ofwhom/of which)人或物定语关系代词先行词句法功能that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)、表语a

7、s人或物主语、宾语、表语1. 限制性定语从句中, 只用that不用which的情况(1)先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等不定代词时。If I run into anything that might interest you, Ill send it your way. We cannot say that none that we saw on TVs were true. (2)先行词被the only, any, few, no, very等修饰时。 After the fire

8、in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. (3)先行词是形容词的最高级或序数词或被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时。That is the best film that has ever been shown so far in the city. When it comes to Jinan, the first that comes to mind is the spring water. (4)先行词既有人也有物时。My mother and her old friends talked of things and p

9、ersons that they remembered in the school. (5)主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 2. 只用which不用that的情况(1)关系代词前有介词时。This is the reference book of which the teacher is speaking. (2)引导非限制性定语从句时。Crusoes dog, which was very old now, became ill and died. 3. 引导非限制性定语从句的as与whi

10、ch位置不同表意不同as引导的非限制性定语从句既可以放在主句前, 也可以放在主句后, 有时还可插入主句中意为“正如”, 后面的谓语动词多用see, know, expect, say, mention, report等which引导的非限制性定语从句通常放在主句之后意为“这一点”或“这件事”等As is known to all, great changes have taken place in China. John, as you know, is a famous writer. Tom was late for school again and again, which made h

11、is teacher very angry. 【小题快练】. 单句语法填空(2020天津高考)Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. (2018北京高考)She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. (2017北京高考)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inv

12、entions. As is known to all, China is a developing country. . 单句改错It was known to all, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life. (ItAs)Above all, they hosted an American student last year, through that they gained lots of experience. (thatwhich)There are many problems when I am ab

13、road alone, especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official language is not English. (itswhose) “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句在“介词+关系代词”结构中, 关系代词若是表示人, 就只能用whom; 关系代词若是表示事物, 就只能用which。 如: Where is the supermarket in which you bought the laptop last week? Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talk

14、ing in the office? 【点津】在正式的文体中, “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句可紧缩成“介词+关系代词+不定式”结构。She had some money in the bank, with which she can help her mother. She had some money in the bank, with which to help her mother. 【小题快练】 单句语法填空(2020江苏高考)Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free

15、. Many young people, most of whom were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. The boy wants another fifty cents with which to buy (buy)some ice cream. 关系副词引导的定语从句定语从句中关系副词有when, where, why, 代替前面的先行词, 在从句中作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。She remembered clearly that day when shed gone explorin

16、g the rockpools. This is the town where I was born. Im writing to explain to you the reason why I was absent from your lecture last time. 关系副词when, where, why根据情况有时可换成“介词+关系代词which”。There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. Is this the re

17、ason why (=for which) he refused our offer? 【小题快练】 单句语法填空This is the reason why I want her to come to the meeting. (2019浙江高考)Weve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict. (2019天津高考)Their child is at the stage where she can say individual words but not

18、full sentences. 定语从句和分词短语作定语之间的相互转化如果定语从句中先行词是从句的主语(即关系代词作从句的主语), 则这个定语从句可以转化为以过去分词或现在分词作定语的形式。同样的, 分词作定语也可以转化为一个定语从句。谓语动词用主动语态的, 用现在分词作定语; 用被动语态的, 用过去分词作定语。 如: We live in a house which/that faces the south. We live in a house facing the south. The first textbooks that/which were written for teachin

19、g as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. The first textbooks written for teaching as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. . 语法填空For 99 days, doctor never let up. Zhuo Huichang, a doctor who has been in the fight against COVID-19 for 99 days, said, “The experience is unforget

20、table, and its 1. _ honor for me to do my part as a doctor when the country and its people need me. ”On Jan 27, he boarded a plane to Wuhan, the epicenter of COVID-19 outbreak in China. “I didnt hesitate for a moment because I 2. _ (think)about it for a long time, ” Zhuo said. Although his child obj

21、ected 3. _ the decision, his wife, who is also a medical professional, gave him strong support. “This is our 4. _(responsible), ” she said. During his stay in Wuhan, all the COVID-19 patients they were responsible for recovered, he said 5. _(proud). One more mission awaited. After Zhuo returned to F

22、ujian and completed his 14-day quarantine(隔离期), he volunteered on April 5 to serve with a medical team sent to the Philippines. “I had the experience 6. _ I could share with colleagues in the Philippines, ” Zhuo said, 7. _(add)that he wanted to make a contribution to the world. In the Philippines, t

23、he medical experts spent entire days 8. _(share)their experiences. “We wanted to communicate 9. _ we had learned about treatment plans for COVID-19 patients, ” he said. “I feel 10. _(connect)to Wuhan and the Philippines now, ” Zhuo said. 【文章大意】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了卓慧昌医生令人难忘的经历, 他已经参与抗击新冠肺炎99天。他参与了武汉和菲律宾的医疗队

24、, 为抗击新冠状病毒疫情作出了贡献。1. 【解析】an。考查冠词。根据名词honor 可知此处用冠词, 且由音标/n(r)/可知要用an修饰名词。2. 【解析】had been thinking/had thought。考查时态。根据主句谓语didnt hesitate可知从句谓语可用过去完成时或者过去完成进行时表示过去发生的动作, 且该动作还有可能继续。故填had been thinking/had thought。3. 【解析】to。考查介词。固定短语object to“反对”。故填to。4. 【解析】responsibility。考查名词。根据our可知此处要用名词, 且responsi

25、bility是不可数名词。故填responsibility。5. 【解析】proudly。考查副词。根据said 可知此处要用副词修饰动词。故填proudly。6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子成分可知, 此处是一个限制性定语从句, 先行词是experience, 指物, 且关系词在定语从句中作share with的宾语, 因此要用that/which。7. 【解析】adding。考查非谓语动词。根据Zhuo said可知此处要用非谓语动词, 且逻辑主语Zhuo与add之间是主动关系, 因此要用现在分词。故填adding。8. 【解析】sharing。考查固定搭

26、配。固定短语spend time (in) doing sth. “花时间做某事”, 根据spent entire days可知此处用现在分词。故填sharing。9. 【解析】what。考查宾语从句的引导词。句意: 他说: “我们希望交流我们对COVID-19患者治疗方案的了解。”根据wanted to communicate可知后接宾语从句, 此处缺少宾语从句的引导词; 分析宾语从句成分可知, 主语是we, 谓语是had learned about, 缺少宾语, 因此要用引导词what。10. 【解析】connected。考查形容词。根据feel可知此处要用形容词作表语。故填connect

27、ed。. 短文改错Recently we had a class meeting on the topic of my dream. Some mention the Chinese Dream. And others talked enthusiastically about his understanding of the Chinese Dream. We are all believe that this dream will come true in the future. I also talked about my own dream. I had always wanted t

28、o be a doctor. Not only can doctors save peoples life, but also they are doing a respectably job. Doctors can help people to live a better life without their professional knowledge. To realize my dream, I should try to study hardly from now on. I must learn as much as I can get into a good medical c

29、ollege, which I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor. 1. 【解析】第二句mentionmentioned。考查动词时态。根据时间状语Recently, 可知是发生在过去, 应用一般过去时, 故将mention改为mentioned。2. 【解析】第三句histheir。考查代词。本句的主语是others, 后面的形容词性物主代词应和其保持一致, 应用their, 故将his改为their。3. 【解析】第四句去掉are。考查谓语动词。分析句子可知, 主语we和谓语相信之间为主动关系, 再根据句意, are是多余的,

30、 故去掉are。4. 【解析】第六句hadhave。考查时态。根据句中always可知应该用现在完成时, 故将had改为have。5. 【解析】第七句lifelives。考查名词。本句中people是集体名词, 指人们, 后面的生命life也要变为复数形式, 故将life改为lives。6. 【解析】第七句respectablyrespectable。考查词性转换。分析句子可知, 本句的respectably修饰名词job作定语, 应用其形容词形式, 故将respectably改为respectable。7. 【解析】第八句withoutwith。考查介词。根据句意, 可知本句应为用他们的专业

31、知识帮助人们, 故将without改为with。8. 【解析】第九句hardlyhard。考查副词。分析句子可知, 努力学习为study hard, 而hardly意为“几乎不”, 根据句意, 故将hardly改为hard。9. 【解析】第十句在第一个can后加to。考查不定式。分析句子可知, I must learn as much as I can后省略动词do, 和后面的动词之间应用不定式连接, 并且to get into a good medical college在句中作目的状语, 故在can后加to。10. 【解析】第十句whichwhere。考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。分析句子

32、可知, which I can prepare myself fully for the job of a doctor为非限制性定语从句, 修饰先行词college, 定语从句的关系词在句中作地点状语, 应用where, 故将which改为where。. 写作运用补全下面写作, 注意定语从句的运用1. As is universally known(众所周知), high school life is an important turning point and 2. high school campus is an important place where students study

33、and live(高中校园是学生学习和生活的重要场所). My classmates and I decided to do something for the coming graduation. Having had a heated discussion, we agreed on making a video to record 3. our experiences at school(我们在校经历). Material collecting took us a whole week, 4. during which we interviewed our teachers and to

34、ok pictures of every aspect of school life(在此期间, 我们采访了我们的老师, 并拍摄了学校生活的各个方面). Some compromises were unavoidable, but the video turned out perfect. 5. That day when the video was played(播放录像的那一天), it was well received. The students and teachers shared a great time, 6. which surely gave us a great sense of achievement(这当然给了我们很大的成就感). 关闭Word文档返回原板块- 14 - 版权所有高考资源网