江苏省扬州市田家炳实验中学高中英语选修八：M8U3 GRAMMAR 课件 .ppt

1、Module 8 Unit 3 Grammar and usage Inversion英语的正常语序是“主语+谓语”。即主语在前，谓语在后。有时由于句子结构的需要或表示强调，就要采用倒装形式。将谓语动词完全移到主语之前称为全部倒装；只将助动词或情态动词放到主语之前，称为部分倒装。.倒装结构通常用于下列情况：（一）全部倒装用于there be结构(exist,seem,happen,appear,live,stand)句型。如：There are many students in the classroom.There exist different opinions on this quest

2、ion.There stands a temple at the top of the hill.全部倒装2.“Here,There,Now,Then+come/go(或be等)+主语 结构。Here comes the old lady!Then came the hour we had been looking forward to.There comes the bus.Now comes your turn.除了then引导的句子常用过去式,如果表示一种生动的描述时则常用一般现在时。如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。辨别正误1.Here you are.2.There comes she

3、.3.Now comes your uncle 全部倒装3.表示方向的副词out,in,up,down,on,away等置于句首,要用全部倒装,且主语是名词时Down came the water from the top of the mountainOut went the girl.In came the teacher.In came he.判断句子The girl went out.The water from the top of the mountaincame down.全部倒装4.分词/adj/(代词such)+be+主语结构。Walking at the head of t

4、he line was our teacher.Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.Present at the conference were General Manager,Vice-general Managers and 215 directors.Such was the story he told me.全部倒装5.表示地点的介词短语(如on the wall,under the tree,in front of the house,in the middle of t

5、he room等)放在句首时且主语是名词时,要全部倒装。On the top of the hill stands a pine tree.In front of the classroom is a playground.Practice:Near the church _ cottage.A.was such an oldB.had a so oldC.was such old aD.is so an old1.On the wall _(hang)a picture.2.On the ground _(lie)an old sick goat.hung/hangslay3.Between

6、 the two mountains _(be)a small village.is全部倒装Practice:There _.And here _.A.goes the phone;she comes B.is the phone going;is sheC.does the phone go;does she come D.the phone goes;come she _ a beautiful palace _ the foot of the hill.A.There stand;at B.There stands;underC.Stands there;underD.There sta

7、nds;atPractice:Out _,with a stick in his hand.A.did he rush B.rushed he C.he rushed D.he did rush _ from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.A.Jumped down the robber B.Jumped the robber downC.Down jumped the robber D.Down the robber jumped _,a man of achievements,deep t

8、houghts,but with simple habits.A.Einstein was suchB.Such was EinsteinC.Einstein was soD.So was Einstein _ are the days when teachers were looked down upon.A.GoneB.GoC.To goD.Going7.Can you tell me where my uncle is?Yes,of course,_.A.here your uncle comes B.here comes your uncle.C.comes your uncle he

9、re D.your uncle here comes8.In each room _.A.are ten students B.ten students are C.ten students there are D.ten are students9.-Is everyone here?-Oh,there _ the rest of the guests!A.comes B.come C.is coming D.coming（二）部分倒装1.用于so,nor,neither开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容（前面所说也适用另一人或物）。原句的谓语应与前句谓语的时态、形式相一致。句型：so+hav

10、e(has,助动词或情态动词)+主语如：He has been to Beijing.So have I.Li Wei cant answer the question.Neither/nor can I.Id met Philip several times before._.A.So did I B.So had IC.So I had D.I met,alsoB Are you going there with us?If Mary wants to go,_.A.I also go B.so do I C.so I will D.so will I Do you know Jim qu

11、arreled with his brother?I dont know,_.A.nor dont I care B.nor do I care C.I dont care neither D.I dont care also注意：如果一个句子只是重复前面一句话的意思，尽管是so开头，句子也不倒装。如：-It was cold yesterday.-So it was.如果前面所说部分有肯定，有否定，动词类型又不一致，而后面一句要表示的也有与上面所述的类似情况，这时须改用下列句型：DB-Tom is clever but he doesnt work hard.-_(我的弟弟也如此）So it

12、 is with my brother/it is the same with my brother.Only修饰的状语提前时:如：Only then did I begin to know her.仅仅只有以这种方式他才能发财Only in this way can he make a fortune.仅仅在他死后，他才得到人们的认可。Only after he died was he received by people.仅仅当他回来的时候，才发现真相Only when he returned did he find the truth.副词介词短语时间状语仅仅只是在那个时候我才开始认识她

13、。Only when he started to explain _ the reason for this.A.she realized B.did she realize C.she had realized D.had she realizedB注意：如果only修饰主语，则不必用倒装。eg.Only he remembered that it was my birthday.仅仅只有他沉溺于电脑游戏中。Only he was addicted to playing computer games2.某些表示否定意义副词或半否定副词,如:neither,nor,not,never,hard

14、ly,seldom,little,few,rarely,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,not only,in no way,at no time,by no means,nowhere,等在句首时。Read the sentences:1.He did not like the painting.Neither did I.2.Neither am I impressed by the paintings nordo I like them.3.Never in my life have I seen such wonderful pictures.4.Not a wor

15、d did he say about his visit to the art museum.5.At no time during the tour was I bored.6.Seldom does he paint now.7.Hardly had I got to Amsterdam when it began to snow.Little _ about his own safety,though he was in great danger himself.A.does he care B.did he care C.he cares D.he caredNot for a mom

16、ent _ the truth of your story.A.did he made B.he made C.did he make D.he makesBC当not only but also,not until,no sooner than,hardly when 在句首时，要倒 装。注意在这些句型中倒装的位置。not only but also句型中，前一个分句倒装，后一个分句不倒装。如：Not only was he forced to stay at home,but he was also forbidden to see his friends.他不仅把自己的钱捐给玉树的儿童，

17、他还在那儿申请了一份志愿者的工作。Not only did he donate his money to the childrenin Yushu,but also applied for a job as a volenteer there.Not until 句型中，复合句的前面从句不倒装，后面的主句倒装。直到他得了肺癌，他才放弃抽烟(先正常句式，然后用倒装句翻译）He didnt give up smoking until he suffered fromlung cancer.Not until he suffered from lung cancer did he give up s

18、moking.No sooner(过去完成时）than,hardly（过去完成时）when的句型中，后面从句不倒装，前面主句倒装。1.He had no sooner finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a questionNo sooner had he finished the talk than a man stood up and put forward a question.2.I had hardly entered the army when I felt very proud.Hardly had I en

19、tered the army when I felt very proud.试题：Not until his father was out of prison _ to school.A.can John go B.John can go C.could John go D.John could go(11)No sooner _ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A.she had fallen B.had she fallenC.she fell D.did she fallCB3.虚拟语气中:省略了if的条件句中，were,had 或sh

20、ould 可提前句首构成部分倒装。如：Were I not so busy,I should go with you.=_Had he been here yesterday,he would have come to watch the football match.=_Should there be a flood,what should we do?=_If I were not so busy,I should go with you.If he had been here yesterday,he would have come to watch the football match

21、.If there should be a flood,what should we do?在sothat（如此以致于）句型中，若so提前到句首构成部分倒装。So loudly did he speak that people in the next room could hear him.他开车如此粗心以至于他差点死了He drove so carelessly that he almost killedhimself.So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.He spoke so loudly that people

22、 in the next room could hear him.类似地，当suchthat结构的such置于句首时，such后的句子也要使用部分倒装。He seemed such a nice man that we all loved him.他像个很和蔼的人，所以我们都喜欢他。Such a nice man did he seem that we all loved him.So loudly _ that _ hear her clearly.A.did she speak;could everyone B.did she speak;everyone couldC.she spoke

23、;could everyone D.she spoke;everyone could_himself wrong,but his friends were wrong.A.Not was only heB.Not only heC.Not only was heD.Not only was Not until the early years of the 19th century _ know what heat is.A.man didB.manC.didnt manD.did manNot until I began to work _ realize how much time I ha

24、d wasted.A.didnt IB.did I C.I didntD.I did（三）其他 1用于某些表示祝愿的句子。如：1)May you succeed!2)Long live China!由as引起的让步状语从句主谓不倒装,只须把形容词,副词,名词,实义动词提前提到as前,且单数可数名词提到主语前时不带冠词虽然我很累，我还是努力帮助他们。Tired as I was,I tried to help them.Try as he would,he couldnt open the door.他试过多次了,却仍打不开那门。尽管他们做了很大努力，却没法让她改变主意。Hard as(thou

25、gh)they tried,they couldnt make her change her mind.Boy as he was,he behaved like a girl.他虽是个男孩，但举止却像个女孩。as作“虽然”解，引导让步状语从句时，必须将表语、状语或动词原形提到as前面。此时应注意几点：一是若提前的表语是没有形容词修饰的单数可数名词，要省略不定冠词；二是若提前的是动词原形(多为不及物动词)，与之连用的通常是may,might,will,would等，且这些词都要保留在原来的位置上(主语后)；三是though有时也可像as这样使作倒装。More practice1._come t

26、o our country as today.A.Foreign guests who have never B.Never so many foreign guests have C.Never have so many foreign guests D.The foreign guests arent ever2._that he could not speak for a long time.A.So frightened was heB.So frightened he was C.Was he so frightenedD.Frightened was he 3.Many a tim

27、e _good advice.A.gives me hisB.he gives me C.I give himD.does he give me4.Rarely_so difficult a choice.A.she could have faced with B.could have she faced with C.she could have been faced with D.could she have been faced with5.In a physical change no new substance is formed,_in the composition of mat

28、er.A.nor does any change take place B.nor any change takes place C.not any change takes place D.either any change take place6.Only in a few countries _ a reasonable standard of living.A.the whole of the population enjoy B.the whole of the population enjoys C.does the whole of the population enjoy D.

29、has a whole of the population enjoy7.Seldom_to come over to have a chat with him in those days.A.have I have timeB.did I have time C.I have timeD.I have got time8.Tomorrow will be Sunday._.A.So it willB.So will it C.Either it willD.Either will it9.Little _that the district was very rich in resources

30、.A.we suspectedB.we did suspect C.did we suspectD.do we suspect10.The teacher is not too happy with the student,and _ is his father.A.notB.neitherC.eitherD.so11.No sooner had they reached the station _ the train let.A.untilB.whenC.thenD.than12.Under no circumstances and at no time _the first to use

31、nuclear weapon.A.we are B.we will be C.were we D.shall we be13._,he sat up late writing his book.A.As he was tiredB.Tired though he was C.Tired as was heD.It is because he was tired14.Never before that night _ the extent of my own power.A.had I feltB.I feltC.did I feelD.I had felt15.Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of English grammar_writer in English correctly.A.you willB.can youC.you canD.you could