2021-2022版高中英语人教版必修5学案：UNIT 1　GREAT SCIENTISTS　LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE WORD版含解析.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家温馨提示： 此套题为Word版，请按住Ctrl,滑动鼠标滚轴，调节合适的观看比例，答案解析附后。关闭Word文档返回原板块。Unit 1Great scientistsLearning about Language语法精讲探究学习过去分词作定语和表语观察上面对话, 并类比填空: 1. The miner trapped (trap) in the mine was saved by the rescue workers. 2. The person feels inspired (inspire) by his teachers words. 过去分词是非谓语动

2、词的一种。从语法功能分析, 过去分词兼有动词、形容词或副词的特性, 可在句中充当定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。过去分词通常与其逻辑主语之间存在动宾关系, 表示被动和完成。一、过去分词作定语1. 过去分词作定语时的位置。 (1)一般情况下, 单个过去分词作前置定语, 即放在被修饰词之前。有时为了表示强调, 也可放在被修饰词之后。*From the stomach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died. (前置定语)病从胃里发作并迅速殃及全身, 很快患者就会死去。*The polluted w

3、ater was to blame for the spread of cholera. (前置定语)污染了的水造成了霍乱的传播。(2)过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语, 即放在被修饰词之后。*He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London. (后置定语)他发现, 它是从河里来的, 而河水被从伦敦排出的脏水污染了。*Do you know the victim injured in the accident? (后置定语)你知道事故中受伤的受害者吗? 2. 过去分词作定语的时态和语态意义

4、。(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成, 即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者, 且该动作已经完成。*Have you read the novel written by Dickens (=which is written by Dickens)? 你读过狄更斯写的这部小说吗? *The scientific theory concluded by the expert(which was concluded by the expert) was suspected by many other scientists at first. 由这个专家推断出的科学理论一开始受到

5、其他科学家的怀疑。(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成, 不表示被动。*The fallen leaves of the wood cover the ground when in fall. 秋天时, 树林里的落叶覆盖着地面。*The risen water has dropped, for it hasnt rained for a few days. 几天没下雨了, 已上涨的水下降了。3. 过去分词(短语)作非限制性定语, 相当于非限制性的定语从句, 用来补充说明被修饰词的情况, 通常用逗号与主句隔开。*The bridge, built last year(=which was

6、built last year), is in use now. 这座桥, 去年建成, 现在已通行。*Paper cuts, used for religious purposes(=which are used for religious purposes), can be bought in the store. 用于宗教目的的剪纸可以在这家商店里买到。4. 现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别。(1)语态上不同: 现在分词表示主动意义, 过去分词多表示被动意义。*The running water (=The water which runs)in the river is very clea

7、r. 河里的流水很清澈。*Nine out of ten women interviewed (=who were interviewed)about the product said they liked it. 就这个产品被采访的十位妇女中有九位说她们喜欢这个产品。(2)时间关系上不同: 现在分词表示正在进行的动作, 而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。*We are all living in a changing world(=a world which/that is changing). 我们都生活在正在发生变化的世界里。 *The changed world (=The world w

8、hich had changed)surprised him. 已经变化了的世界令他吃惊。 (1)语法填空。The cars being sold (sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou. Tsinghua University, founded (found) in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. Our retired (retire) soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week. (2)句式升级。

9、He is a teacher loved by his students. He is a teacher who is loved by his students. The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. The girl, brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. 二、过去分词作表语1. 过去分词作表语时位于系动词(如be, get, become, look, feel, seem等)之后, 多表示主语的状态或状况, 它所体现的是形容词的特性

10、。*The physician was absorbed in analysing the condition of the patient. 医生正专心分析病人的情况。*We were shocked at the news that had been announced by the local government. 我们对当地政府公布的这个消息感到震惊。2. 常见的作表语的过去分词有: amused 逗乐的, 觉得好笑的connected 连接的broken 碎了的closed 关闭的completed 完成的astonished 吃惊的covered 覆盖的crowded 拥挤的de

11、lighted 高兴的disappointed 失望的discouraged 泄气的dressed 穿着衣服的drunk 喝醉的experienced 有经验的gone 遗失的lost 丢失的worried 担忧的interested 感兴趣的tired 疲劳的pleased 高兴的satisfied 满意的surprised 吃惊的married 已婚的known 著名的 confused 困惑的embarrassed 尴尬的 过去分词作表语与动词的被动语态过去分词作表语时, 强调主语所处的状态; 而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者, 强调动作。3. 过去分词与现在分词作表语时的区别:

12、过去分词表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态, 常译作“感到的”现在分词表示事物具有的特性, 常译作“令人的” *The game was exciting, because of which the participants were excited. 这个游戏很激动人心, 这让参与者们很激动。*The man standing there looks frightening, and the little boy is frightened. 站在那里的那个男人看起来很可怕, 小男孩被吓着了。【知识延伸】 类似的形容词有: excited激动的; 兴奋的exciting令人激动的astonis

13、hed惊讶的astonishing令人惊讶的inspired受鼓舞的inspiring令人鼓舞的disappointed感到失望的disappointing令人失望的encouraged受到鼓舞的encouraging令人鼓舞的interested感兴趣的interesting令人感兴趣的frightened吓坏了的frightening令人害怕的moved受感动的moving感人的pleased高兴的pleasing令人高兴的shocked感到震惊的shocking令人震惊的tired感到劳累的tiring令人劳累的worried感到担心的worrying令人担心的satisfied感到满意

14、的satisfying令人满意的puzzled感到迷惑的puzzling令人迷惑的(1)语法填空。The frightened look on her face suggested that she was frightened by the frightening scene. (frighten)The news was exciting and they were all excited at it. (excite)We all felt encouraged at the encouraging news. (encourage)The audience were all moved

15、 to tears by the moving film. (move)(2)Why do you always look tired ? 你为什么总是看上去很疲劳? (3)I was disappointed at the film I saw last night. I had expected it to be better. 我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我原以为它能好些。课时检测素养达标. 用所给词的适当形式填空1. The police will come soon to take away the damaged (damage)car. 2. Trucks and buses wer

16、e driven on gas carried(carry) in large bags on the roof. 3. Time, used (use)correctly, is money in the bank. 4. The risen(rise) sun is shining brightly in the morning. 5. The plan put(put) forward at the meeting will be carried out soon. 6. The recovered(recover) animals will be released soon. 7. T

17、he children were excited (excite) at the very thought of the journey. 8. He looked worried (worry) after reading the letter. 9. The girl felt confused(confuse) to know Peter had worked out the confusing problem easily. 10. While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted (promote), Henry did his be

18、st to perform his duty. . 句型转换1. The boy who was born in a poor family was admitted to a key university this year. The boy born in a poor family was admitted to a key university this year. 2. The visitor came from an area that/which was developed. The visitor came from a developed area. 3. Do you kn

19、ow the guests who were invited to the party last night? Do you know the guests invited to the party last night? 4. The bridge which was built 2, 000 years ago is in good condition now. The bridge built 2, 000 years ago is in good condition now. 使用本单元所学语法类型结合主题语境翻译下面语段。我最近听到一个故事, 一个著名的科学家被问成功的原因, 他给出

20、了答案。这一切都来自他两岁时与母亲的一次经历。“我当时正从冰箱里拿一瓶牛奶, 瓶子掉在了地上。我吓坏了, 不知道该怎么办! ”他说。他妈妈没有惩罚他, 而是让他在牛奶里玩一会儿。然后, 他们拿着一个装满水的瓶子到院子里去了, 看他能不能想出办法把瓶子拿起来。那位著名的科学家接着说, 就在那时, 他知道他不必害怕犯错误, 因为那实际上是学习新东西的机会。即使实验“不成功”, 我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的东西。_【参考范文】I recently heard a story about a famous scientist asked about the reason to succeed, h

21、e gave the answer. It all came from an experience with his mother when he was about two years old. “I was trying to get a bottle of milk from the fridge when I lost the bottle and it fell. I got frightened and I didnt know what to do! ” he said. Instead of punishing him, his mother asked him to play

22、 in the milk for a while. Then they went out in the yard with the bottle filled with water to see if he can discover a way to carry it. That famous scientist then remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didnt need to be afraid to make mistakes which/that were actually opportunities for learning something new. Even if the experiment “doesnt work”, we usually learn something valuable from it. - 9 - 版权所有高考资源网