新教材2021-2022学年外研版英语必修第二册学案：UNIT 6 EARTH FIRST 泛读 技能初养成 WORD版含解析.doc

1、阅读教材P6869中的材料，选出最佳选项1What is really green?APaper shopping bags are better than plastic ones.BRemove the power plug supply，and it stops using power.CEating local food is good for the environment.DIts better to take a shower than a bath.2Why are people advised to take a reusable bag?ABecause plastic b

2、ags cause environmental problems.BBecause plastic bags are difficult to produce.CBecause paper bags are a danger to wild animals.DBecause the process of making paper bags is more complicated.3Whats connected with energy saving?AEating local food.BEating transport food.CProducing food by ourselves.DU

3、sing less energy during food production.4What way of the following is saving energy?ATo spend 8 minutes to have a bath.BTo take a shower more than 8 minutes.CTo try to take a bath instead of a shower.DTo keep your shower as short as possible.答案14BADD1devote v致力，献身，倾注devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的devotion n奉献；忠

4、诚2hunt v打猎，狩猎hunter n猎人，猎手hunting n打猎，狩猎3present v陈述，说明presentation n报告，(观点的)陈述，说明4reserve n(野生生物)保护区reservation n预订；保留5establish v建立，设立establishment n建立，设立6adopt v采取(某种方法)adopted adj.领养的adoption n采用；收养7sustain v使保持sustainable adj.可持续的，不破坏环境的8reduce v减少，降低reduction n减少，降低9fog n雾foggy adj.有雾的10severe

5、 adj.(问题、伤势、疾病等)很严重的severely adv.严重地11infect v感染，传染infection n感染，传染病infectious adj.感染的，传染性的12permit v许可，允许 n执照；许可证permission n允许，许可 13major adj.主要的；重要的 v主修 n主修科目majority n多数，大多数(人或物)14electricity n电electric adj.电的；用电的electrical adj.与电有关的；电气化的15urge v竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地

6、urgency n紧急；紧急情况16concern n& v关心；担心concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的concerning prep.关于17contribute v促成，造成(某事发生) contribution n贡献；捐献Words and Phrases知识要点1devote v致力，献身，倾注(教材P65)Now，she is a model and performance artist devoted to ocean conservation.现在，她是一名模特儿和行为艺术家，致力于海洋保护。例He is determined to devote his life to

7、 science.他决心把毕生精力贡献给科学事业。知识拓展(1)devote ones life/time/energy to (doing) sth.把某人的生命/时间/精力献给devote oneself to致力于；献身于；专心于(2)devoted adj.挚爱的；忠实的be devoted to (doing) sth.献身于；专心致志于(3)devotion n.奉献；忠诚即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子He always devotes his attention to helping(help) the homeless children.Devoted(devote) to h

8、is research，he almost forgot everything about himself.We appreciated his devotion(devote) of time and money to the project.我很想当老师，一生致力于教学工作。I want to be a teacher very much and devote myself to teaching小片段填空The old scientist is devoted to studying space，and the spirit of devotion deserves learning f

9、rom.He said he would go on devoting himself to the science field.(devote)知识要点2reserve n(野生生物)保护区；贮存 v保留；贮存；预订(教材P65)Hello from Sanjiangyuan National Nature Reserve(SNNR)大家好！这是三江源国家级自然保护区。例A friend can be a reserve of help in times of trouble.朋友可以在困难的时候提供帮助。知识拓展(1)a wildlife reserve野生生物保护区keep sth.in

10、 reserve保存某物以备用reserve the right to do sth.保留做某事的权利reserve sth.for sb.为某人预留某物(2)reservation n.预定；保留make a reservation预定without reservation毫无保留地即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子To protect wild animals，more wildlife reserves(reserve) measures should be set up.A double room with a balcony has been reserved for him.When

11、talking to a friend，we should be frank and without reservation.我们总是存些钱备用，以防万一。We always keep some money in reserve，just in case.知识要点3damage v破损，损害，损伤 n损害，损伤；损害赔偿金(教材P65)In recent years，we have seen large areas of wetland that were damaged by human activity.近年来，我们看到大片湿地被人类活动破坏。例Many buildings and car

12、s have been damaged in the explosion.许多大楼和汽车在这次爆炸中受损。知识拓展suffer damage遭受损坏do/cause damage to给造成损坏即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Many buildings and roads were damaged(damage) badly when the heavy snow struck that city.She claimed damages(damage) from the company for the injury she had suffered.很幸运，这场暴雨没有对农作物造成很大的损害。

13、Its lucky that the heavy rain didnt cause much damage to the crops.名师点津damage指部分性“损坏，破坏”，一般可以修复；而destroy指彻底地“毁坏，破坏”，一般不能或很难再修复。知识要点4affect v影响；打动；(疾病)侵袭(教材P65)Weve also seen droughts and floods caused by these changes，which affect the water supply downstream.我们还看到了由这些变化引起的干旱和洪水，这些变化影响了下游的供水。例An unha

14、ppy home environment can affect a childs behaviour.不愉快的家庭环境能影响儿童的行为。知识拓展(1)be affected by被侵袭；被感动be affected with high fever发高烧(2)effect n.作用；影响；结果in effect事实上have an effect on对有影响即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Affected(affect) by the rise of house prices，people in big cities live under great pressure.We want to kno

15、w whether the drug has an effect on peoples health.Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees professional development.他因为发高烧没有参加会议。He didnt attend the conference because he was affected with high fever知识要点5adopt v采取(某种方法)；收养(教材P65)This includes keeping the original environment from bei

16、ng touched，as well as adopting new，sustainable ways of feeding farm animals.这包括保持原始环境不被破坏，以及采用新的、可持续性的方式喂养农场动物。例All three teams adopted different ways to solve the problem.所有三个队都采用了不同的方式来解决这个问题。知识拓展(1)adopt an idea/a plan采纳意见/计划adopt a positive attitude采取积极的态度(2)adopted adj.领养的adoption n.采用；收养即学即练单句

17、语法填空/完成句子She treated her adopted(adopt) son as if he were her own child.If you can not have children of your own，why not consider adoption(adopt)?最近我们学校采用了一种新的英语教学法。Our school has adopted a new method of teaching English recently.小片段填空Mr.White is the adopted son of Mrs Green，who adopted him when his

18、 parents died 20 years ago.Thanks to her adoption，Mr.White could receive a good education and became an engineer.(adopt)名师点津adapt与adopt词形相近，但adapt意为“适应；改编”。知识要点6reduce v减少，降低(教材P66)Reduce waste by choosing reusable products .通过选择可重复使用的产品来减少浪费例One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to tal

19、k about feelings with someone you trust.减少压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受。知识拓展reduce .to .把减少到reduce .by .把减少了be reduced to (doing) sth.沦落到的地步即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子To improve the air quality，the use of private cars should be reduced(reduce)Though the price of the house has been reduced by 10%，we cant afford it eith

20、er.Cleaner fuels have contributed to a reduction(reduce) in air pollution.在城市中没有找到合适的工作，他沦落到街头乞讨的地步。Having failed to find a proper job in the city，he was reduced to begging in the street.知识要点7permission n允许，许可(教材P67)A polite interruption is usually framed as a request for permission to interrupt som

21、eone，often starting with If .，May I .？or Can I .?礼貌的打断通常被理解为请求允许打断某人，通常以If .，May I .？或者Can I .？开始。例He asked the managers permission to take a day off.他请求经理准许他请假一天。知识拓展(1)ask for permission请求许可without permission未经许可(2)permit v.许可，允许n.执照；许可证permit doing sth.允许做某事permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事即学即练单句语法填空/完

22、成句子Its illegal to read peoples private letters without permission.The visitors are reminded that the museum doesnt permit smoking(smoke)Passengers are permitted to carry(carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.必须申请批准方可在大厅内拍照。You must ask for permission before taking any photos inside th

23、e hall.小片段填空His father wouldnt permit him to drive there even if he had got his driving permit.Without his fathers permission，he had no choice but to go there by bus or on a bike.(permit)知识要点8majority n多数，大多数(人或物)(教材P68)Most of us are aware that we must take care of the environment，and the majority

24、of us take steps to save energy and reduce waste and pollution.我们大部分人都意识到要保护环境，也采取了各种行动节约能源，减少浪费和污染。例The majority of students found it quite hard to understand what their new teacher said.大部分学生都觉得很难理解他们的新老师说的话。知识拓展(1)a/the majority of大多数in the majority占多数(2)major adj.主要的；重要的 v.主修 n.主修科目major in主修(3)

25、minority n.少数；少数民族a/the minority of少数的in the minority占少数即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子In the nursing profession，women are in the majority.At present，he majors in Software Engineering at a university.多数人渴望和平，只有少数人希望战争继续。The/A majority want(s) peace，and only a/the minority want(s) the war to continue.名师点津majority/mi

26、nority作主语时，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。但“a/the majority/minority of n”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数常与of后的名词保持一致。知识要点9amount n数量，数额 v总计；达到(教材P68)However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。例The loss from the flood amounts to

27、 ten million dollars.水灾的损失共达1 000万美元。知识拓展(1)a large/small amount of大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数)large/small amounts of大/少量的(跟名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数)(2)amount to达到；等于；总共；共计即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Large amounts of money are wasted(waste) on useless things every year.A large amounts of money has been spent(spend) building mor

28、e kindergartens so far this year.Youll never amount to anything if you spend your time that way!他每天有大量的信件要回复。He has a large amount/large amounts of mail to answer every day.知识要点10remove v移走，搬走，去掉(教材P69)To make sure your appliance is in fact off，remove the plug from its power supply.为确保电器设备彻底关闭，请从电源上

29、拔下电器插头。例In order to remove his doubts，we told him all the truth.为了消除他的疑惑，我们告诉了他所有的真相。知识拓展remove .from .把从移开remove from .to .从搬到be removed from school开除；被勒令退学即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Remove the table to the corner，or the baby would bump into it.Teenagers shouldnt be removed(remove) from school although they do

30、nt do well in studies.由于空气污染严重，这家人决定从城市搬到乡下。Because of the serious air pollution，the family decided to remove from the city to the countryside明辨异同remove，moveremove强调完全放弃原来物体所处的位置而到达新的地点，还可以表示“开除；消除；除去”等含义。move强调移动、搬动，指事物位置和姿态的改变。小片段填空First，she removed her jacket and hung it over the chair.After that

31、，she removed the dishes from the table.Then she asked her husband to move the table.(move)知识要点11take .into account 把考虑进去(教材P69)In some cases，local produce might have used more energy and produced more greenhouse gases than produce grown a long way away even taking into account its transport.在有些情况下，即

32、使将运输的因素考虑在内，本地的农产品也可能比距离遥远的外地种植的农产品耗能更多，产生的温室气体也更多。例When it comes to developing our economy，we must take environmental protection into account.当谈到发展我们的经济时，我们必须要考虑环保。知识拓展(1)take account of take .into account把考虑在内give an account of对进行描述on account of因为，由于on no account决不(位于句首时句子用部分倒装)(2)account for解释，说明

33、；(数量/比例上)占据即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子She gave an exciting account of the football match.We had to put off the sports meet on account of the bad weather.The poor weather may have accounted for the increase in the number of people who cough day and night.我衷心希望你能考虑我的建议。I sincerely hope that you will take my sugge

34、stions into account语境助记On no account will the head teacher take account of your excuse because even you cant account for your absence clearly.知识要点12urge v竭力主张，强烈要求，敦促n.冲动；强烈的愿望(教材P71)It urges people to save food by not wasting anything on the dining table.它敦促人们节约食物，不要浪费餐桌上的任何东西。例I never felt an urge

35、 to learn any sign language before.我以前从未感觉到学习手势语的强烈愿望。知识拓展(1)urge sb.to do sth./into doing sth.力劝/敦促某人做某事urge that .强烈要求；极力主张从句谓语动词用(should)动词原形urge (sb.) on力劝；强调；强烈要求(2)urgent adj.紧急的；迫切的in urgent need of急需(3)urgently adv.紧急地；迫切地urgency n.紧急；紧急情况即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译Parents should actively urge their chi

36、ldren to take(take) advantage of the opportunity to join sports teams.The people in the earthquakestricken area are in urgent(urge) need of food，medicine and shelters.Its of great urgency(urge) that we need to make the relative laws with the rapid growth of online shopping.随着高考的临近，我们的老师敦促我们要努力学习。Our

37、 teacher urged us to study/into studying hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.(简单句)Our teacher urged that we (should) study hard with the College Entrance Examination drawing near.(复合句)小片段填空The teacher urged that the students (should) be taught how to take urgent action in urgency

38、.(urge)知识要点13concerned adj.焦急的，担忧的；关心的；有关的(教材P71)We are concerned that .我们担心例Now an increasing number of people are concerned about the environmental protection.现在越来越多的人关注环境保护。知识拓展(1)be concerned about/for关心；挂念be concerned with/in与有关；参与；牵扯到as far as .be concerned就而言(2)concern n& v.关心；担心show/express

39、concern about/for对表示关心/担心(3)concerning prep.关于即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Everyone concerned(concern) in the incident was questioned by the police.However，I think we should show more concern for/about our friends.I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information concerning(concern) the

40、 club.就我而言，我们应该在日常生活中重视道路安全问题。As far as Im concerned，we should take road safety seriously in our daily life.名师点津concerned用作形容词时，意为“关心的；担心的”，作前置定语；表示“相关的，有关的”，作后置定语。知识要点14contribute v促成，造成(某事发生)；捐献；贡献；投稿(教材P72)Look at the three items that contribute to a carbon footprint.看看造成碳足迹的三个因素。例Eating too much

41、 fat can contribute to heart disease and cause high blood pressure.吃太多脂肪会引起心脏病和高血压。 知识拓展(1)contribute to促成；导致contribute.to.向捐献；向投稿(2)contribution n.贡献；捐献；稿件make a contribution/contributions to 对做出贡献；向捐款即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The famous writer is one of several authors contributing(contribute) to the book.He

42、 contributed a large sum of money to the flood victims.Only in this way can we make a great contribution(contribute) to our family and our society.老师告诉我们锻炼有助于健康。Our teacher tells us that exercise contributes to good health.语境助记Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his re

43、turning to school.A writer wrote a story about this and contributed it to a press.知识要点15average adj.平均(数)的；普通的，一般的 n平均；平均数；平均水平 v平均为，平均达到(教材P72)The average score of our group is .我们组的平均成绩是例The average time the Chinese people spend online is 17 hours per week.中国人平均花在网上的时间是每周17个小时。知识拓展an average of平均w

44、ith the/an average of平均为on (the/an) average平均起来；在一般情况下above/below (the) average高于/低于平均数即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子Its a small shop，with an average of about 500 customers a week.To their joy，their sons schoolwork is well above average.你平均每星期花多少时间做运动？On average，how much time do you spend on sports activities each

45、 week?Sentence Pattern重点句式倍数表达法(教材P68)However，making a paper bag uses four times as much energy as making a plastic bag and up to three times the amount of water.然而，生产纸袋的耗能为塑料袋的四倍，耗水则多达三倍。句式分析：four times as much energy as是倍数表达法，其句型为“倍数as much/manyn.as”。例1Our company has published twice as many books

46、 as we did last year.我们公司出版的书是去年的两倍。例2Peters jacket looked just the same as Jacks，but it cost twice as much as his.彼得的上衣看上去和杰克的一样，但价钱却是他的两倍。知识拓展常见的倍数句型：(1).倍数asadj./adv.的原级as .(2).倍数adj./adv.的比较级than .(3).倍数the性质名词(size/length/width/height/depth .) of .即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译This hill is four times the heig

47、ht(high) of that small one.The old railway is three times longer(long) than the new highspeed railway.Its said that the power plant is now twice as large as what it was.我的农场已经扩展成了一个大农场，是原来的三倍大。My farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times as big as the previous one.(同级比较)My farm has expan

48、ded into a big one，which is three times bigger than the previous one.(比较级)My farm has expanded into a big one，which is three times the size of the previous one.(the名词of)推理判断题之写作意图/目的任何人写文章都有意图或目的，阅读理解题时常会就这一问题进行命题，主要考查学生对英语文本的整体感知或理解的能力，做此类题的关键是要了解文章的体裁和题材，把握文章的主题思想。方法技巧文体特点看意图故事类：to entertain reade

49、rs/to tell an experience。广告类：to persuade readers/to sell a product or a service/to attract readers or visitors。科普类、新闻报道类、文化类或社会生活类：To inform readers/to report/to tell/to describe。例题剖析The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we cant change

50、.We learn to avoid selfpity.We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.What does the author intend to tell us in the paragraph?AA tough man can tolerate suffering.BA wise man can live without selfpity.CA

51、 man should try to satisfy people around him.DA man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.D本题利用“方法技巧”解题，题干中的 intend to tell us也印证了这一点。作者在文中告诉我们要学会忍受我们不能改变的事物，要学会避免自怜，要知道不管我们怎么表现，总有人不喜欢我们等等，由此可知此段的主要意思是告诉我们要用合适的方法对待生活。即学即练After years of observing human nature，I have decided that two qualities

52、make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance：curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together.The author aims to_in the paragraph.Apropose a definitionBmake a comparisonCreach a conclusionDpresent an argument答案D