2022高考英语一轮复习 Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the stars训练（含解析）新人教版必修3.doc

1、Unit 4 Astronomy：the science of the starsA卷小题夯基练.语境填词1Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous physicists(物理学家) in the world and made a great contribution to science throughout his life.2The kids on the bus seemed exhausted(精疲力竭)after the long trip to Mount Huang.3The typhoon was so violent(暴力的) t

2、hat it damaged so many houses.4(2019全国卷) For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity(重力)5A truck went out of control and crashed(碰撞；坠落) into the back of a bus.6The old scientist told his students that scientific theories(理论) must be based on fact

3、s.7The atmosphere(氛围) of the picnic is very friendly. Children are having fun with each other.8Accustomed to the climate(气候) in the countryside, the old couple prefer not to move to the city.词形转换和动词的形式变换(用所给词的正确形式填空)1(2020全国卷)The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally(globe)2(2019江苏卷)St

4、eve moved to the piano and sat at the bench, hands trembling as he gently(gentle) placed his fingers on the keys.3(2019江苏卷)At some time in the past Yellowstone must have blown up with a violence(violent) far beyond the scale of anything known to humans.4The interests he is most likely(unlike) to enj

5、oy will be those which enable him to show off himself or his talents.5Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful(harm) as well.6What puzzles(puzzle) me is why he has left the country without telling anyone.7The driver was driving when he lost control of the car by accident, crashing(c

6、rash) into a truck.8He lent a hand to us, which multiplied(multiply) our chances of success several times.固定用法和搭配(在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式)1As is known to us, the Peoples Republic of China came into existence(exist) as an independent country in 1949.2A new hospital has been planned to be built here,

7、 and they are going to pull down that old building.3The constitution, unlike other forms of laws, is fundamental to keeping our social system working properly.4They didnt expect that the new manager would prevent the plan from being_carried(carry) out.5Little Alice who once was bitten by a snake loo

8、ked at the snake, frightened(frighten)6During those four years, he worked day and night, thus improving(improve) his theory gradually until it was complete.7Whether their wedding ceremony will be held in the open air tomorrow depends on the weather.8They want to make it clear to the public that the

9、clean workers do an important and necessary job.9Li Hongs mobile phone looked just the same as Zhang Huas, but it cost twice as much as his.10(全国卷)I think it great fun to_learn(learn) the poems written in the Tang Dynasty with you.易错误用(改正下列语句中的错误，每句最多两处错误)1There exists so many chemical factories whi

10、ch our homeland is seriously polluted. Therefore, if we dont take action on time, it will be difficult for us to save our land.答案：第一句：existsexist; whichthat；第二句：onin2Once our playground was too small, which prevented us have enough space to play and exercise. Now, the new one is about three times la

11、rge than the old one, which even makes possible for us to hold sports meetings.答案：第一句：havehaving；第二句：largelarger; 在makes后加it3There are billion of asteroids in the space. But we human beings are still puzzling about how they came to existence.答案：第一句：billionbillions；第二句：puzzlingpuzzled; tointo.完成句子/句型

12、转换/一句多译1(2018北京卷满分作文)我详细地解释这个过程的每一步，这也许能够使他们了解如何泡茶。I explained every step of the process in detail, which_made_it_possible_for_them_to_understand how to make tea.2既然你精通英语，你就可以申请这份工作。Now_that_you_have_a_good_command_of_English,_you can apply for the job.3我的父母一天天的变老，该轮到我开始照顾他们了。My parents are getting

13、older and older, so it_is_my_turn_to_start looking after them.4互联网的发明注定要改变我们相互交流的方式。The invention of the Internet is_to_change_the_way we communicate with each other.5These travelers returned to the hotel. They are tired and sleepy.These travelers returned to the hotel, tired_and_sleepy(形容词短语作状语)6(2

14、018全国卷满分作文)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们的学校是十年前的三倍大。The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is_three_times_as_big_as that ten years ago. (as.as)The short film tells about the development of our school. Now our school is_twice_bigger_than that ten years ago. (than)The short fi

15、lm tells about the development of our school. Now our school is_three_times_the_size_of that ten years ago. (size)B卷大题提能练.阅读理解A(2021湖北部分重点中学高三第一次考试)Step into Moving to Mars, an exhibition of Mars mission and colony design at Londons Design Museum, and immediately you have good reasons not to move th

16、ere.Frightening texts on the walls announce that Mars wasnt made for you; that there is no life and precious little water；that, dressed in a spacesuit, you will never touch, taste or smell the planet you now call “home”As Lisa Grossman wrote for New Scientist a couple of years ago，“Whats different a

17、bout Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die.”It is an odd beginning for such a celebratory exhibition, but it provides a valuable, dark background against which the rest of the show can sparkle (闪耀)a show that is, as its chief manager Justin McGuirk remarks，“not about Mars;

18、this is an exhibition about people.”Moving along, there is a quick yet clear flash through what the science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson calls“the history of Mars in the human mind”A Babylonian clay tablet and a Greek vase speak of early ideas about the planet.A poster for the original Total

19、Recall film reminds us of Marss psychological threat.The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.There are real spacesuits and models of 3Dprinted Martian settlements and suitable clothing and furniture.Mission architecture and engineering sketches line the walls.Real hammers m

20、eant for the International Space Station are wallmounted(固定在墙上的) beside a lowgravity table that has yet to leave and may indeed never leave Earth.This, of course, is the great strength of approaching science through design：reality and assumptions can be given equal visual weight, drawing us into an

21、informed conversation about what it is that we actually want from a future on Mars.1What is the text mainly about?AHow to move to Mars.BHow to survive on Mars.CWhat preparations we made for Mars.DWhat the exhibition of Mars truly tells us.2What can we learn from Lisa Grossman?AIts impractical to liv

22、e on Mars.BIts no good settling on Mars.CYou have nothing to do when living on Mars.DYou can live on Mars in a spacesuit.3What does the exhibition focus on?AThe current plans for Mars.BThe advantages of living on Mars.CThe early ideas about Mars.DThe history of Mars in the human mind.4What does the

23、author want to tell us in the last paragraph?AA story.BAn opinion.CA fantasy.DA solution.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个名为“移居火星”的展览的相关内容；此展览主要展示了有关火星任务及移民设计方面的情况。1D解析：主旨大意题。第一段是文章的总述部分，第二至第五段详细介绍了展览的相关内容，并结合尾段作者的观点可知，本文主要是关于“移居火星”展览真正告诉我们的信息。故选D。2A解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Whats different about Mars is that there is

24、nothing to do there except try not to die.”可知，在火星上人类除了努力地活着之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切实际的。故选A。3A解析：细节理解题。根据第五段第一句“The main part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet.”可知，这个展览的主要部分是我们目前关于这颗红色星球的计划。故选A。4B解析：推理判断题。通读第六段可知，该段表述作者对这个展览的看法。故选B。B(2021泰安6月高考全真模拟)Alice is a senior at Sunset Hi

25、gh School (SHS) in America.The kids in her school are looking forward to senior graduation and summer vacation.And they still desire to live a significant life：doing something worthwhile and making a difference.Alice, senior class president, decides to take action by organizing a food drive.She also

26、 decides to reach out to the community in the neighborhood for support.She wrote, “Hi! My name is Alice and Im a senior at Sunset! The SHS student government is hosting a drive and collecting the canned and boxed food for needy families.I know many students in the slum (贫民窟) are not able to access r

27、egular meals without school.One hundred percent of everything donated will go to families in need.So it would be amazing if anybody could donate any extra food and lay it around the house.I would be so happy to come by and pick up any extra food that anyone has and just let me know！”So far, the comm

28、unity has made some 400 donations, and Alice has picked up each one.Theyre left in brown paper bags around their houses, and she handles them with the latest gloves.Its all packaged food, and the packaging is cleaned with disinfected wipes.Along with the rest of the student union, which brainstormed

29、 the idea last week, Alice is setting up distribution centers to dispense the food in the city so families can get what they need.“In the community, Ive seen so many people offering their help, and Ive picked up so many donations from community residents，” Alice said.“Its nice to see people supporti

30、ng each other.I think its really good that were being more cautious, especially within the community.”Every individual is aware of how to take care of themselves, their family and others around them.They join hands to make a big difference indeed.With everyones efforts, the donation work goes on eas

31、ily and smoothly and many poor families have got help.5What do we know about the students at SHS in the text?ATheyre eager for a meaningful life.BTheyve helped to build a community.CTheyve graduated from senior high school.DTheyre forced to do something worthwhile.6Why did Alice organize the food dr

32、ive?ATo gain greater popularity.BTo get food for families in need.CTo set up the SHS student union.DTo donate food to the students in her school.7What does the underlined word “dispense” in paragraph 4 probably mean?ARecycle.BHand out.CGain.DChew up.8What can be concluded from the last paragraph?AEa

33、st or west, home is best.BIts good to learn at another mans cost.CActions speak louder than words.DMany hands make light work.【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是爱丽丝和她的同学号召社区的人捐赠食物以帮助有需要的人。5A解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的“And they still desire to live a significant life：doing something worthwhile and making a difference.”可知，他们渴望

34、有意义的生活，故选A项。6B解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“My name is Alice and Im a senior at Sunset！The SHS student government is hosting a drive and collecting the canned and boxed food for needy families.”可知，爱丽丝组织食品运动是为了帮助贫困的家庭，使他们得到食物。7B解析：词义猜测题。结合语境以及画线词所在句中的“Alice is setting up distribution centers”“so families can get w

35、hat they need”可知，爱丽丝建立分发中心是为了分发食物，这样许多家庭就可以得到他们需要的东西，画线词与hand out“分发”意思相近，故选B项。8D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“They join hands to make a big difference indeed.With everyones efforts，the donation work goes on easily and smoothly and many poor families have got help.”可知，在大家的共同努力下，捐赠工作进行得轻松顺利，许多贫困家庭得到了帮助，即大家一起努力使事情

36、变得容易，故选D项“众人拾柴火焰高”。.完形填空(2021江西五校协作体高三模拟)Brooke Ochoa was going to enter a restaurant for lunch when she saw an elderly lady approaching.The 30yearold woman _1_to keep the door open for her.She thought she was just doing something_2_She didnt know, however, that a remark (评论) that the lady would mak

37、e a few seconds later would _3_a chain of events that would cause her to get countless likes on her post and _4_on social media suddenly.As Brooke entered the restaurant, she_5_the elderly lady asking for “a table for one”Then she decided to do one more act of_6_Brooke walked up to the ladys_7_ and

38、asked，“I also_8_alone.Would you like to have lunch together？” The lady, named Dolores, not only accepted Brookes _9_， but she was very pleased to have _10_The two_11_up an instant friendship during their meal.Dolores told Brooke that shed been having a_12_time.“She spent the last decade living with

39、her mom, who recently passed away，”Brooke wrote in a later post about the encounter.“She just kept smiling and sayingThank you for listening to me， which made me_13_too！” Brooke and Dolores enjoyed their conversation so much that they_14_to have lunch with each other every Thursday from that point o

40、n.In a later_15_，not long after their first meeting, Brooke_16_that Dolores had passed away.If nothing else, this chance_17_is evidence that the smallest _18_of goodwill can quite exactly change a life.Neither of the two women knew that Doloress days on earth were so_19_，but they found_20_in each ot

41、her, and thats what matters.1A.hesitatedBwaitedCcompetedDpretended2A.politeBhonest CwiseDfoolish3A.ignoreBreport CremoveDproduce4A.take offBset off Cleave offDcut off5A.realizedBfelt CinsistedDoverheard6A.weaknessBkindness CfriendshipDencouragement7A.carBcounter CdoorDtable8A.struggleBdefend CeatDpo

42、st9A.bowBcare CeffortDoffer10A.companyBfriction CadjustmentDpermission11A.turnedBbuilt CthrewDput12A.pleasantBshort CtoughDlucky13A.sobBpanic ClistenDsmile14A.seemedBrefused CagreedDremained15A.updateBpurchase CabsenceDpraise16A.approvedBtold CanalyzedDcommitted17A.complaintBargument CconversationDa

43、ppointment18A.strengthBact CcompetenceDfault19A.limitedBrich ClongDpoor20A.successBreality CcomfortDequality【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文。布鲁克奥乔亚去餐馆吃饭时偶遇了一位老妇人，她为这位老妇人开门，又在得知老妇人自己一个人吃饭后邀请其共进午餐，两人由此建立了友谊，并约定每周四共进午餐；但在她们第一次见面后不久，那位老妇人就去世了。这段友谊虽然很短暂，但是她们在彼此身上找到了安慰。1B解析：根据空后的“keep the door open for her”和下文布鲁克因为这个行为获赞可知

44、，布鲁克在那等着为那位老妇人开门。故选B。hesitate意为“犹豫”，pretend意为“假装”。2A解析：根据上文内容并结合常识可知，等着为别人开门是一种礼貌的行为。故选A。 3D解析：与该句中的“cause”呼应，并结合空后的“a chain of events”可知，此处表示几秒后那位老妇人的评论会引起(produce)一连串的事件。4A解析：与句中的“get countless likes”呼应可知，此处表示布鲁克因为无数点赞而在社交媒体上开始走红。take off意为“开始走红”，set off意为“出发”，leave off意为“停止、中断”，cut off意为“中断”。5D解析

45、：根据语境可知，当布鲁克走进餐馆，她无意中听到那位老妇人正在要一张单人桌。overhear意为“无意中听到、偶然听到”。6B解析：根据上文可知，布鲁克为老妇人开门是一种礼貌的行为；当她无意中听到那位老妇人想要一张单人桌时，她决定再多做一个善举。7D解析：根据上文中的“table”可知，布鲁克走到老妇人的餐桌旁邀请她一起共进午餐。8C解析：根据空后的“Would you like to have lunch together？”可知，布鲁克也是一个人来餐馆吃饭的。9D解析：根据上文中的“Would you like to have lunch together？”可知，这是布鲁克的提议(offe

46、r)。10A解析：与上文中的“a table for one”“alone”形成对比可知，老妇人不仅接受了布鲁克的提议，而且也乐意吃饭有个伴儿。company意为“陪伴”，friction意为“摩擦”，adjustment意为“调整”，permission意为“许可”。11B解析：根据语境可知，两个陌生人在就餐过程中迅速建立了友谊。12C解析：根据下一句中的“She spent the last decade living with her mom，who recently passed away”可推知，老妇人当时正在过着艰难的日子。tough意为“艰难的”。13D解析：根据本句中的“She

47、 just kept smiling”和“too”可知，老妇人感染了布鲁克，布鲁克也面带微笑。故选D。sob意为“啜泣”，panic意为“(使)惊慌”。14C解析：根据该句中的“Brooke and Dolores enjoyed their conversation so much”可知，布鲁克和德洛丽丝聊得很开心，因此两人约定每个星期四都共进午餐。agree意为“商定、约定”。15A解析：与上文“Brooke wrote in a later post about the encounter.”呼应可知，此处表示在布鲁克和德洛丽丝第一次见面之后不久更新的一篇帖子中，布鲁克说德洛丽丝已经去世

48、了。16B解析：参见上题解析。17C解析：根据上文中的“Brooke and Dolores enjoyed their conversation so much” 可知，此处表示布鲁克和德洛丽丝共进午餐时所进行的谈话。18B解析：与上文中的“Then she decided to do one more act of _”形成呼应可推知，此处表示善举。故选B。competence意为“能力”，fault意为“过错、过失”。19A解析：根据上文可知，在布鲁克和德洛丽丝约定一起共进午餐后不久，德洛丽丝就去世了，故此处表示当时她们都不知道德洛丽丝在世的时间如此有限。20C解析：布鲁克和德洛丽丝共进

49、午餐时聊得很开心，她们之间建立了友谊。彼此在对方那里找到了安慰。.短文改错Ten years ago, my hometown is a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few choice on transportation.However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions have be

50、en greatly improve and their lifestyles are different from in the past.Shop online has become popular.When they comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling beside public transportation.The best change is which all the people are living a hopeful life with confident.答案

51、：Ten years ago, my hometown a small and poor city with few factories.And the citizens had few on transportation.However, nowadays my hometown has taken on brand new look with rapid development of culture and economy.The citizens living conditions have been greatly and their lifestyles are different

52、from the past. online has become popular.When comes to transportation, private cars have become a common way of traveling public transportation.The best change is all the people are living a hopeful life with .is改为was。考查时态。根据句中的时间状语Ten years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时。choice改为choices。考查名词的单复数。choice意为“选择”，为可数名

53、词，根据句中的few可知，此处应用名词的复数形式。在brand前加a。考查冠词。句中的look意为“样子”，为可数名词，此处表示“呈现一个全新的样貌”，属于泛指，故用不定冠词，且brand的发音以辅音音素开头，故用a。improve改为improved。考查语态。句子的主语The citizens living conditions与动词improve是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态。删除from后的in。考查介词。本句中的the past作介词from的宾语，in多余，故删除。Shop改为Shopping。考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作句子的主语，且助动词为has，因此用动词

54、ing形式作主语。they改为it。考查代词。when it comes to sth./to doing sth.是固定句式，表示“当涉及某事(或做某事)时”。beside改为besides。考查介词。由句意可知，此处表示除了公共交通之外，私家车已成为一种常见的交通方式。besides意为“除之外”。beside意为“在旁边”，不符合语境。which改为that。考查名词性从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导表语从句，从句中不缺少任何成分，故用that引导。that引导表语从句时常不可省略。confident改为confidence。考查名词。该词位于介词with之后，应用名词形式。with confidence意为“满怀信心地”。