湖北武汉市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（64）及答案.doc

1、湖北武汉市2016高考英语阅读理解二轮基础训练（64）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in distinguishing facial expressions and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why. Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, sai

2、d that rather than scanning evenly(均匀的) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners fix their attention on the eyes. We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions, Jack said. Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easter

3、ners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth. According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human communication of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to reliably convey

4、emotion in cross-cultural situations. The researchers studied cultural differences in the recognition of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surp

5、rised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral. They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies. It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners. The c

6、ultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions, Jack said. Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less. In short, the data show that facial express

7、ions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, examining how cultural factors have diversified these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lo

8、st in translation.( ) 1. The discovery shows that Westerners . A. pay equal attention to the eyes and the mouth B. consider facial expressions universally reliable C. observe the eyes and the mouth in different ways D. have more difficulty in recognizing facial expressions ( ) 2. What were the peopl

9、e asked to do in the study?A. To make a face at each other. B. To get their faces impressive. C. To classify some face pictures. D. To observe the researchers faces. ( ) 3. What does the underlined word they in Paragraph 6 refer to?A. The participants in the study. B. The researchers of the study.C.

10、 The errors made during the study. D. The data collected from the study. ( ) 4. In comparison with Westerners, Easterners are likely to .A. do translation more successfullyB. study the mouth more frequentlyC. examine the eyes more attentivelyD. read facial expressions more correctly( ) 5. What can b

11、e the best title for the passage? A. The Eye as the Window to the SoulB. Cultural Differences in Reading EmotionsC. Effective Methods to Develop Social SkillsD. How to Increase Cross-cultural Understanding【语篇解读】本文为科普说明文。主要介绍了最新的科学研究发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂他人的面部表情。1. 答案：A考点：细节理解题解析：根据第三段 “Westerners look at t

12、he eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and neglect (忽略) the mouth.” 可以得出答案2. 答案：C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第五段 “by recording the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of. expressive faces and put them into categories: happy,

13、 sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral.”可以判断选C3. 答案：A考点：词义猜测解析：根据定语从句 “that they show”所修饰的 eye movements 在研究中为the participants 所作（从the eye movements of 13 Western Caucasian and 13 East Asian people”可知）可判断选A4. 答案：C考点：细节理解题解析：根据第六段 “It turned out that Easterners focused much greater at

14、tention on the eyes and made significantly more errors than did Westerners.”可判断选C5. 答案：B考点：主旨大意题解析：文章首先指出科学研究的最新发现：东方人比西方人更难于读懂人的面部表情。之后更具体地介绍研究的结构及其研究过程，最后得出结论：文化差异丰富了理解情感的基本社会技巧，即：不同的文化背景使人理解他人情感的方式也不尽相同。由此判断最佳标题应为B。阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。The term “underemployment” has three related

15、meanings. In one sense, it refers to a situation in which someone with excellent job qualifications (资格) is working in a position that requires less qualifications, as for instance in the case of a lawyer driving a school bus. In the second sense, it means working part-time when one would prefer to

16、be working full-time. In the third sense, it is a form of overstaffing (人浮于事) in which employees are not being fully made use of. All forms of underemployment have effect on the economy and the health of the business community. Long-term underemployment can also cover up the truth behind the employm

17、ent situations. When nations collect employment statistics, they usually come up with a base number of “unemployed” individuals, using that number to judge the health of the job market. This number does not include part-time workers looking for full-time jobs, as they are considered employed, and it

18、 also doesnt reflect workers who are underpaid, considering their qualifications. In the first sense, underemployment is a common problem in many of the developed world. Many people with college degrees are working in low-level or service industry jobs because the job market is full. The issue of pa

19、rt-time employment is also very serious. Some people are forced into part-time jobs, while others find themselves taking a part-time job because nothing else is available, even though they really need to work full-time. This problem is especially common in areas with seasonal employment, where emplo

20、yers find it cheaper to maintain and lay off part-time staffs, rather than keeping a full staff at all times. In the sense of shortage of workers, underemployment appears in a variety of situations. Some companies maintain a full staff to be prepared for seasonal work, or to keep well-trained, quali

21、fied workers so that they will be available when needed. Labor laws and union pressures may also prevent a company from cutting down on staff or working hours, leading to a situation in which people report to work, but have nothing to do. 1. The purpose of the passage is. A. to show underemployment

22、is becoming more serious todayB. to imply women are laid off more than menC. to explain the meaning of “underemployment”D. to tell the present economic situations2. According to the text, underemployment means. A. the same meaning as the wordunemployedB. employees are not fully taken charged ofC. qu

23、alified workers get a low salaryD. people who do manual work for wages3. When it comes to unemployment statistics, . A. the underpaid workers are includedB. it implies the people who are jobless C. the part-time employees are included D. it shows the employment situation of a country4. Which of the

24、following is NOT TRUE to the 4th and 5th paragraph? A. Underemployment only occurs in advanced countries. B. People with college degrees sometimes take a part-time job. C. Part-time staffs seems benefit from firms less. D. Companies need full-time staffs indeed. 5. Some companies maintain a full sta

25、ff. A. to compete with others in the future B. to make preparations for seasonal workC. to get the skilled workers paid D. to obey labor laws and union pressures【参考答案】15、CBBAB2016高考训练题。阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。For thousands of years, mankind has produced plants and animals to create m

26、ore desired and useful plants and animals. For example, modern com has been produced to such a large size that it is no longer able to reproduce without mans assistance. Modern dairy cows produce too much milk and if they are not often emptied of milk, they could leak, burst, become infected, and po

27、ssibly die. Besides, most dogs raised by people can not survive in the wild even with special training.Since natural evolution is extremely slow and mankinds selective production programs only take a few generations to produce a completely new species, natural evolution has already taken a back seat

28、 to mankinds production programs. In addition, mankind has successfully killed off several species all together. For example, there are no more European wolves in existence and mammoths (猛犸象) probably died out because of mankind. Even certain diseases have been permanently got rid of from the planet

29、, and dozens of other diseases will soon be too. Again, natural evolution did it cause most of the destruction during mans rule of the world.Currently, scientists are creating new species with desired characteristics in the lab significantly faster than natural evolution creates new species. In a si

30、ngle generation, new species can be created and destroyed by mankind, while natural evolution could take thousands of years to do the same but only accidentally. Scientists are even able to replace defective (有缺陷的) or damaged genes with different genes to attempt to cure genetic defects. This is som

31、ething that natural evolution could possibly never correct.Eventually scientists will even be able to improve the quality of people. For example, imagine not only correcting your eyesight with gene treatment, but also ensuring that all of your children do not receive your old genes of poor eyesight

32、too. Scientists will one day be able to improve the memory and intelligence of your children, so that they will do better in school and achieve more in life. Doctors and scientists will be able to customize (订制) babies before they are born just like picking options at a car store.1.According to the

33、first paragraph,_ .A. man-made evolution has improved all speciesB. man-made evolution has weakened some speciesC man-made evolution can make up for all natural lossesD. natural evolution wont happen without mans assistance2. What does the underlined part “taken a back seat to” in Paragraph 2 mean?A

34、. Become powerful assistance to. B. Become a huge barrier to.C Speeded up the process of. D. Played a less important role than.3 What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?A. Why natural evolution happens so slowly.B. The way scientists adopt to have genetic defects repaired.C. The advantages o

35、f man-made evolution over natural evolution.D. How scientists make use of man-made evolution to create new species.参考答案13、BDC阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。Businesses are witnessing a difficult time, which has in turn produced influence on consumers desire to go green. However, shoppers are

36、 still laying stress on environmental concerns.Two thirds of customers say that environmental considerations inform their purchases to the same degree as they did a year ago, while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware of the environmental effect on what they buy.This may help

37、to influence how shops store goods on their shelves. And the companies should still make efforts to become more environmentally friendly. Two out of three people think it is important to buy from environmentally responsible companies, with about one in seven saying that they had even decided to take

38、 their custom elsewhere if they felt a companys environmental reputation was not good enough.Harry Morrison, chief executive（主管）of the Carbon Trust, sympathizes：“I understand this situation where survival is very important now. But from environmental considerations, the clock is tickingwe dont have

39、much time. In addition, cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand.”Larger companies have an extra motivation to look at reducing their carbon footprint, as new rules next year will require businesses to buy carbon allowances to make up for their emi

40、ssions（排放）. Those that have taken early action will have a head start. More than two thirds of consumers are not clear about which companies are environmentally responsible. This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shop

41、pers.The Carbon Trust believes that it can help by informing customers about the good work companies are doing. “When companies are granted（授予）the standard, they can use a logo（标识）in all their marketing which makes it clear that they are working towards cutting emissions,” Mr. Morrison said. ( ) 1.

42、Whats the main idea of the passage?A. Businesses are finding ways to send their message to the shoppers.B. Companies will soon get information about cutting carbon emissions.C. Firms are making efforts to encourage customers to keep goods at home.D. Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shopper

43、s environmental awareness.( ) 2. The underlined word “inform” in Paragraph 2 probably means“ ”.A. affect B. change C. disturb D. reject( ) 3. According to Harry Morrison, businesses .A. will benefit from cutting carbon emissionsB. should buy carbon allowances for shoppersC. are required to make up f

44、or their carbon emissionsD. have encouraged shoppers to take their custom elsewhere( ) 4. We can learn from the passage that businesses will .A. have a strong desire to reduce costsB. use the same logo in their marketingC. gain advantages by taking early actionD. attract more shoppers by storing goo

45、ds【语篇解读】本篇文章为说明文。现在顾客购物已经开始考虑环保的问题。面临顾客环保的心理需求，企业只有主动采取措施，减少排放，才会更好地赢得顾客的信赖，进而获得更好的收益1、答案 D。【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“However, shoppers are still laying stress on environmental concerns”及最后一段第一句可知，企业因购买者的环保意识而去减排。故选D项。2、答案 A。【解析】词义猜测题。由本段中“while more than a quarter say that they are now even better aware

46、of the environmental effect on what they buy”可知，现在三分之二的顾客在购物时对环境的考虑比一年前程度加深了。因此A项符合句子意思3、答案 A。解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“cutting carbon has an immediate effect as costs drop and a medium-term benefit for the brand”可以推断出：商业会受益于减排。因此A项符合文章。4、答案 C。【解析】推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句“This suggests that firms that are able to relay clearly their message to the public will be in a pole position to attract shoppers”可知，早采取行动减排的企业可以更好地吸引顾客。因此可以推断出C项。