2012届高三英语大一轮复习课件（牛津版）：第一部分高频语法 第一章　定语从句.ppt

1、定语从句讲解定语从句测试第一章 定语从句定语从句讲解一、定语从句的三个基本概念1.先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或整个句子。2.关系词：代替先行词，用来连接先行词和定语从句，同时在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。3.定语从句：放在先行词之后，用来修饰先行词的句子。【例 1】This is the boy _ we are looking for.A.what B.which C.that D.whose答案：C定语从句讲解定语从句测试二、判断关系词的方法1.看是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。2.看先行词指人还是指物。3.根据关系词在从句中所作的成分。【例 2】The

2、 person _ often comes to help me is my father.A.who B.whom C.what D.which答案：A【例 3】Ill never forget those years _ I lived in the country with the farmers，_ has a great effect on my later life.A.in which；that B.when；whichC.which；that D.when；who答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试三、关系词的基本用法1.关系代词 that 的用法先行词是人或物，that 在从句中

3、作主语、宾语、表语。【例 4】The student _ is studying English often gives me books _ I want very much.A.that；that B.which；whichC.that；what D.which；that答案：A【例 5】China isnt the country _ it used to be.A.which B.that C.as D.where答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试2.关系代词 which 的用法先行词是物，which 在从句中作主语、宾语。【例 6】In fact the Swede didnt und

4、erstand the three questions _ were asked in French.A.where B.who C.in which D.which答案：D3.关系代词 who/whom 的用法先行词是人，who 在从句中作主语或宾语，whom 只作宾语。【例 7】Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year.(2010湖南)A.who B.where C.when D.which答案：A【例 8

5、】Do you know the woman _ we met at the gate？A.which B.what C.whom D.where答案：C定语从句讲解定语从句测试4.关系代词 whose 的用法先行词是人或物，whose 在从句中作定语。whosen.then.of which/whom of which/whomthen.【例 9】His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A.of whom B.whomC.of whose D.whose答案：A【例 10】Please pass me the di

6、ctionary _ cover is black.A.of which B.whichC.of whose D.whose答案：D5.关系副词 when 的用法先行词是时间，when 在从句中作时间状语。【例 11】Thats the day _ my father was born in America.A.that B.when C.where D.which答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试6.关系副词 where 的用法先行词是地点，where 在从句中作地点状语。【例 12】Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut？Y

7、ou should try the barbers _ I go.Its only 15.(2010天津)A.as B.which C.where D.that答案：C7.关系副词 why 的用法先行词是 reason，why 在从句中作原因状语。【例 13】Do you know the reason _ he was late for the party？A.that B.when C.why D.how答案：C8.关系代词 but 的用法先行词是否定，but 本身也是否定且在从句中一般只作主语。but that.not【例 14】In the world there is no one

8、_ has a few faults.A.that B.but C.who D.whom答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试四、定语从句的注意事项1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的比较限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句形式其前无逗号其前有逗号翻译译在先行词前(即：从句译作先行词的定语)译成与主句并列的一个分句(即：译作两句)功能修饰名词或代词可修饰名词或代词，也可修饰整个主句关系词可用that引导；作宾语的关系代词常可省不可用that引导；关系词一律不省意义起限制作用(若被省去，原句意义不完整)起补充说明作用(若被省去，原句意义不受影响)定语从句讲解定语从句测试【例 15】He has a str

9、ange character，_ makes him hard to get along with.A.who B.which C.that D.what答案：B【例 16】That is Toms father _ works in Chuangxin.A.whom B.who C.that D.what答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试2.注意定语从句谓语动词的形式关系代词作定语从句的主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词保持一致。【例 17】He who _ reach the Great Wall is not a true man.A.dont B.doesnt C.isnt D.aren

10、t答案：B下列两种情况须特别注意(1)在“one of复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用复数。(2)在“the(only)one of复数名词”后面，定语从句的谓语用单数。【例 18】Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress.(2010全国)A.wear B.wearsC.has worn D.have worn答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试3.关系词常可省略的情况(1)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时；(2)先行词是某些表示时间的名词(如 time 等)时；(3)先行

11、词 the way 后面的关系词作状语时(可理解为省略关系词 that 或 in which)。【例 19】Its time _ we went to school.A.when B.as C.不填 D.which答案：C【例 20】Thats the way _ he treated his parents.A.how B.不填 C.in that D.which答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试4.由“介词whom/which”引出的定语从句介词的选用：(1)看介词和从句中的动词、形容词的习惯搭配；(2)看介词和前面先行词的习惯搭配；(3)看从句谓语部分与前面先行词之间的搭配；(4)表示“所

12、有关系”或整体中的一部分时常用 of。(注意：该结构中的关系代词一般不用 that/who，且其中的whom/which 不可省。)【例 21】The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of _ left their village homes for a better life in the city.(2010浙江)A.whom B.which C.them D.those答案：A【例 22】Wind power is an ancient source of energy _ we may return in the near

13、future.(2010上海)A.on which B.by whichC.to which D.from which答案：C【例 23】Is this the dictionary _ you spent five dollars？A.to which B.for whichC.on which D.that答案：C定语从句讲解定语从句测试5.先行词指“物”时，用 that 一般不用 which 的情况(1)先行词是不定代词 all，none，little，much，everything，nothing 等时；(2)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时；(3)先行词被序数词或 the last，the

14、 only，the very 修饰时；(4)先行词既有人又有物时；(5)关系代词在限制性定语从句中作表语时。【例 24】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone elsesfault.(2010全国)A.who B.that C.as D.what答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试【例 25】They talked about the things and persons _ they remembered in the school in the past.A.which B.that C.whom D.what答案：B【

15、例 26】She was the only person in her office _ was invited to the ball.A.who B.that C.where D.which答案：A/B定语从句讲解定语从句测试6.as 和 which 引导非限制性定语从句的比较相同点：(1)先行词都可指代整个主句；(2)都可在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。不同点：(1)as 引导的从句可位于句首，而 which 则不行；(2)as 有“正如”之意，而 which 表示“这一点”。【例 27】_ is known to everyone，the moon travels round the ea

16、rth once every month.A.It B.As C.Which D.What答案：B【例 28】My father has returned from abroad，_ makes our family very happy.A.that B.which C.it D.as答案：B定语从句讲解定语从句测试7.与 the same 连用的关系词比较 the same.as 与 the same.that：一般说来，前者表“同类”，后者表“同一”。【例 29】Tom took away the camera because it was just the same camera _

17、he lost last week.A.as B.like C.which D.that答案：D定语从句讲解定语从句测试8.先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，关系词用 that 或 which 的情况有时，先行词虽表时间、地点或原因，但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语等而不是作状语，这时，不用 when，where 或 why，要用 that 或 which。【例 30】I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together.A.when；which B.which；whenC.what；that D

18、.on which；when答案：A【例 31】This is the reason _ prevented us from coming.A.why B.for whichC.that D.what答案：C定语从句讲解定语从句测试第一组It was the small city _ I once worked.It was in the small city _ I once worked.A.where B.which C.that D.on which答案：A C强调句型可以还原：若将 It is/was 和 that/who 去掉而句中不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若结构不完

19、整，则说明原句可能为定语从句。第二组She is such a pretty girl _ I darent look directly at.She is such a pretty girl _ I darent look directly at her.A.as B.like C.which D.that答案：A D比较 such.as 与 such.that：前者引导的是定语从句，as 须作主语、宾语、表语等；后者引导的是结果状语从句，that 不作成分。定语从句讲解定语从句测试第三组I still live _ I was born.I still live in the town

20、_ I was born.I still have a question _ I was born.A.where B.in which C.A&B答案：A C Awhere 引导定语从句时，其前须有地点名词，where 常可用“介词which”取代；where引导的从句前如无地点名词，则不是定语从句，where 就不可用“介词which”取代。第四组_ is known to everyone，the moon travels round the earth once every month._ is known to everyone that the moon travels round

21、 the earth once every month._ is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.A.It B.As C.That D.What答案：B A Das 引导的定语从句位于句首时，与主句之间须用逗号隔开；it 作形式主语时，其后一般不用逗号。what 引导的主语从句位于句首时，其后一般不用逗号，主语从句后须有谓语动词。定语从句讲解定语从句测试第五组I have two sisters，_ are teachers.I have two sisters，and _

22、are teachers.I have two sisters；_ are teachers.I have two sisters，_ teachers.A.both of whoB.both of themC.both of whom答案：C B B B非限制性定语从句：从句前须有逗号，没有连词，且从句中须有谓语动词；并列句：一般由 and 等并列连词连接或中间有分号隔开；独立主格结构：无谓语动词。定语从句讲解定语从句测试第六组The fact _ he is lying is clear.The fact _ he told us was surprising.A.that B.which C.不填D.A，B&C答案：A D名词后接同位语从句时，that 不在从句中作成分，that 一般不可省；后接定语从句时，that 须在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等，作宾语时可省。定语从句讲解定语从句测试定语从句测试单击此处进入 定语从句测试