2021高考课标版英语外研版一轮教师用书：第二部分语法必备 专题四　介词和介词短语 WORD版含答案.docx

1、专题四介词和介词短语介词是每年高考语法填空和短文改错两个题型中的高频考点之一,考查内容主要涉及with, by等常用介词的主要用法及介词与动词、形容词和名词等构成的固定搭配。常用介词的基本用法单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)Modern methods tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.1.答案of/for考查介词。名词method后接介词of/for,表

2、示“的方法”。2.(2017课标全国卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界) a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.2.答案as分析句子结构可知,as在此处作介词,意为“作为”。表示“作为一种抵抗心脏病的方式”。3.(20

3、17课标全国卷)It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and work.3.答案from考查介词。此处是指“当他们上下班时”。4.(2017课标全国卷)After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree engineering or a

4、rchitecture.4.答案in名词degree意为“学位”,后面应该跟介词in,表示“在方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意为“工程学或建筑学学位”。5.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat their hands.5.答案withwith ones hands“用某人的手”。介词with意为“用”。单句改错6.(2019课标全国卷)I want my cafe to have a

5、special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”. 6.答案删除like考查介词。句中such as已表示“像,例如”,故like多余。7.(2018课标全国卷)At the end of our trip,I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, and he agreed. 7.答案去掉for此处的every two years是名词性短语,意为“每两年”,在句中作状语,其前不用介词。8.(2017课标全国卷)They have also bought for some g

6、ardening tools. 8.答案去掉forbuy为及物动词,其后直接跟宾语。buy sth.(for sb.)或buy sb. sth.表示“给某人买某物”。9.(2017课标全国卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.I have grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years. 9.答案去掉第二个ofrealize是及物动词,后面直接跟宾语从句“how fast time flies”。表示

7、时间的介词at表示时间点、具体时刻等。at 6 oclock;at daybreak (2018天津卷)The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels.到2050年,全球人口数量预计将增长到96亿人。一些分析学家估计食品生产量需要增长50%才可以保持现状。In Britain, its no

8、t unusual to have a business meeting over breakfast.在英国,早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。on表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上(常有前置定语或后置定语修饰)。on Monday afternoon;on a rainy day morningin表示在某段较长的时间内。in the 20th century;in winter;in September;in the morningin/after在之后。“in+时间段”常与将来时连用;“after+时间段”常与过去时连用since后接时间点,“自从以来”for后接

9、时间段,“长达”until/till直到by到为止;不迟于during在期间before在之前over在期间;直到结束through一直,自始至终表示地点的介词at后常接相对较小的地方The dog jumped over some bushes and saw the little stream.那只狗跳过几丛灌木看到了小溪。The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and lit up the whole room.阳光透过天窗,照亮了整个房间。in后常接相对较大的地方或某一个大的范围on在上(beneath)across从的

10、表面穿过;在对面through从的内部穿过over从的上面跨过(under)above指离开物体表面而在其上方,但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄等“超过,多于,大于”(below)表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时,with,by,in,on都意为“用”。(1)with多指用具体的工具、身体的某部位或器官;(2)by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具;(3)in指使用某种语言、笔墨等;(4)on多用于固定词组中。by train乘火车on the radio通过收音机on TV通过电视with a pencil用铅笔besides意为“除之外(还有)”,相当于

11、in addition to。Apart from good service,the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.除优质的服务外,这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。except意为“除之外(别无)”,可接名词、代词、介词短语和从句。but意为“除之外”(= except)。apart from既可相当于besides或in addition to,也可相当于except for。other than意为“除之外(别无)”。表示原因的介词(短语)for,because of,due to,than

12、ks to,owing to, on account of, as a result ofThe open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.因为天气不好,这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。特别提醒上述中的短语除due to不仅可作状语还可作表语外,其他短语只能作状语。thanks to 表示“多亏,幸亏”,多位于句首。其他常考的介词against违背,反对;倚靠;以为背景,衬托She drove so fast at the turn that the car almost went off the road.她在转

13、弯处开得如此快,以至于车差点偏离公路。Tired, Jim was fast asleep with his back against a big tree.吉姆累了,背靠着一棵大树很快睡着了。beyond(范围、限度)超出,为所不能及by程度或增减的幅度;按计despite尽管for(表示目的)为了;(表示对象或用途)给;因为;就而言;赞成,支持with和在一起;和,跟;具有,带有;(表示伴随)随着within(范围、程度)在内without没有off(表示位置)在的外面;(表示方向)偏离;从离开常用介词短语与搭配单句填空1.(2019课标全国卷)We were first greeted

14、with the barking by a pack dogs, seven to be exact.1.答案of考查介词。a pack of是固定用法,意为“一群”。2.(2018课标全国卷)I was searchingthese three western lowland gorillas Id been observing.2.答案for考查介词。search for意为“寻找”,为固定搭配。3.But my connection with pandas goes back my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.3.答案to考查介词。go back

15、 to是固定搭配,意为“追溯到”。4.Most of us are more focused our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. 4.答案on考查介词。句意:我们中的大多数人在早上的时候会比我们在一天中的晚些时候更加集中注意力于我们的工作。固定短语be focused on意为“集中于”。故填on。单句改错5.(2019课标全国卷)When I studied chemistry high school, I reconsidered my goal and decided to be a doctor. 5.答案在hi

16、gh前加in/at考查介词。in/at high school是固定短语,在此处作状语。6.(2018课标全国卷)Still I was unwilling to play the games for them sometimes. 6.答案forwithplay the games with sb.为习惯性用法,意为“和某人一起玩游戏”。7.(2017课标全国卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road. 7.答案onofin the middle of “在中间”,是固定搭配。高考中

17、的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查,介词与名词、介词与形容词、介词与动词的搭配是高考考查的难点。介词与动词的搭配take advantage of利用 thank sb. for sth.为某事感谢某人have an effect on对有影响 separate.from把与分开make a list of列出一张的单子 play with同一起玩;玩弄say goodbye to对说再见 contribute to贡献;有助于;促成provide sb. with sth.提供某人某物 rely on依靠refer to提及;参考;查阅 pass by经过care abou

18、t关心;在意 feel like想要call for需要 pay for为付款apply for申请 begin with以开始介词与形容词构成的搭配配1.be+adj.+aboutbe anxious about为而忧虑 be curious about对好奇be particular about对讲究/挑剔 be worried/concerned about为担心2.be+adj.+atbe angry at对生气 be good at擅长be astonished at对吃惊 be present at出席3.be+adj.+inbe absorbed in专注于 be active

19、in积极于 be dressed in穿着be engaged in忙于 be rich in富含 be occupied in忙于4.be+adj.+forbe eager for渴望 be famous for因而著名be fit for适合,胜任 be ready for准备好be sorry for对感到抱歉 be prepared for为做好准备5.be+adj.+frombe absent from缺席 be different from不同于be far from远离 be free from不受影响6.be+adj.+tobe close to接近 be devoted to

20、致力于be equal to等于 be familiar to为所熟悉be friendly to对友好 be harmful to对有危害be kind to对友好 be similar to与相似be grateful to对心存感激7.be+adj.+ofbe aware of意识到 be fond of喜欢be proud of因而自豪 be short of缺乏8.be+adj.+withbe busy with忙于 be familiar with对熟悉be combined with与结合 be patient with对有耐心be popular with受欢迎 be plea

21、sed with对感到满意be angry with (sb.)对(某人)发怒1.“at+n.”表示状态at peace处于和平状态 at war处于交战状态 at work 在工作2.其他以at开头的介词短语at the beginning of在的开始at the cost of以为代价at the risk of冒的危险 at the mercy of在支配下3.“on+n.”表示状态on exhibition/show在展出 on fire着火on sale出售,打折 on holiday/vacation在度假4.其他以on开头的介词短语on account of因为 on beha

22、lf of代表 on no account/condition 决不5.“by+n.”表示方式by accident偶然 by air/plane乘飞机 by chance偶然by nature天生地 by coincidence碰巧 by hand用手by mistake错误地6.“in+n.”表示方式in cash用现金付款 in depth在深度上 in detail详细地in effect事实上 in length在长度上 in English用英语7.其他以in开头的介词短语in no time立刻 in no way决不 in place of代替 in possession of

23、拥有,占有in addition to另外 in charge of掌管 in return作为回报 in spite of尽管in exchange for作为交换 in favor of支持,赞成in case of 万一;如果;假如 in honour of向表示敬意in memory of 为了纪念 in support of支持8.“of+n.”表示特征(等于相应的形容词)of benefit有益处的 of help有帮助的 of importance重要的of significance有重大意义的 of use有用的 of value有价值的9.“out of+n.”表示状态out

24、 of balance失去平衡 out of breath上气不接下气out of control不受控制 out of date过期out of order出故障 out of sight看不到out of question毫无疑问 out of work失业10.“under+n.”表示被动under attack遭到袭击 under pressure在压力下under treatment在治疗中 under control处于控制之下11.“with+n.”表示方式with delight/joy高兴地 with difficulty困难地with ease轻而易举地 with fear

25、害怕地with pleasure乐意地12.“beyond+n.”表示“超出,难以”beyond compare无与伦比 beyond reach够不到beyond description难以描述 beyond expression/words难以表达其他的搭配next to紧挨着in between在中间,在两者之间 instead of代替 regardless of不管,不顾according to根据 along with随着 together with连同but for要不是 up to直到;由而定易错用的介词with the help of在的帮助下;under the leade

26、rship of在的领导下;the article in the newspaper报纸上的文章;a hole in the wall 墙上的洞;a bird in the tree树上的鸟;apples on the tree树上的苹果;tickets for/to the concert音乐会的票;in the direction of朝着的方向;set an example to sb.给某人树立榜样.单句填空1.(2019河北保定摸底考试)A report published on Dec. 6 says this style of health care, which include

27、s different forms herbal medicine and exercise, has spread to 183 countries and regions.1.答案like句意:12月6日发表的一篇报道称,此类医疗保健已经传播到了183个国家和地区,它包括不同的形式,比如草药和锻炼。设空处后的herbal medicine和exercise被用来列举,故设空处填介词like,意为:比如。2.(2019海南儋州一次统测)Jin Yong has many fans outside of Chinese-speaking areas, as a result many adap

28、tations of his works made into films, television series, comics and video games.2.答案of句意:因为金庸的许多作品被改编为电影、电视连续剧、连环漫画及电子游戏,所以他在华语地区外也有大量粉丝。根据句意,填of构成as a result of短语。3.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Sleep might be one answer the problem.3.答案to句意:睡眠可能是这个问题的一个解决方法。名词answer需与介词to连用,意为“的解决方法”。4.(2019河北衡水中学一调)As

29、we all know, Hangzhou, a beautiful city, won the bid September 16th, 2015.4.答案on考查介词。句意:众所周知,在2015年9月16日,一个美丽的城市杭州,申办成功。表示“在具体某日”要用介词on。5.(2019湖北重点高中联考协作体期中考试)Its great importance to ask for help and let people know how you feel if you are worried or anxious.5.答案of考查介词。句意:如果你感到担心或焦虑,寻求帮助并且让人们知道你的感受是

30、非常重要的。be of importance=be important。6.(2019湖北鄂东南教育教学改革联盟期中考试)But on Saturday (Sept.1), millions of parents watching the show disapproved of the endless ads delaying the show12 minutes.6.答案by句意:但是在周六(9月1日),几百万观看该节目的家长对冗长的广告推迟播出时间达12分钟,表达了不满。本题考查介词。设空处与后面的12 minutes表示“推迟的时间”,故填by。7.(2019湖北名校大联考)Walt D

31、isney developed an early interest in drawing. He took art classes as a boy and got a job as a commercial designer the age of 18.7.答案at句意:华特迪士尼很早就对绘画产生了兴趣。小的时候他就上绘画课,18岁时获得了一份商业设计师的工作。at the age of.为固定短语,意为:在岁时。8.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)A total of 956 swimmers from 31 countries and regions (include) the Uni

32、ted States, Russia and Britain will take part in the enjoyable event. 8.答案including句意:来自包括美国、俄罗斯、英国等31个国家和地区的总共956名游泳选手将参加这一令人愉悦的赛事。including为介词,意为“包括”。9.(2019广东佛山教学质检)Parents should do their best to talk to their sons and daughters their schoolwork and future plans but should not push them to talk

33、if they dont want to.9.答案about句意:家长应尽他们最大的努力和他们的儿女谈论他们的学业和未来计划,但是如果他们不愿意谈,也不该强迫他们。talk to sb. about sth.和某人谈论关于某事。10.(2019湖南六校联考)In many places like Britain and Italy, if you leave the house without your wallet, youll be a difficult situation all day.10.答案in句意:在很多像英国和意大利这样的地方,如果你没有带钱包就出门,你整天都会处于困境。i

34、n a(n).situation 意为“处于处境”,为固定搭配。.单句改错1.(2019福建泉港一中、南安国光中学期中联考)Of all my teachers, Mr. Moore is the one who makes an impression of me. 1.答案第二个ofon句意:在我所有的老师中,摩尔老师给我留下了好印象。make an impression on sb.是固定短语,意为:给某人留下好印象。2.(2019湖北孝感一中、应城一中等五校期中联考)Some jokingly put it that friends are made to be taken advant

35、age. 2.答案advantage后加of句意:一些人开玩笑地说,交朋友就是为了利用他们。take advantage of为固定短语,意为:利用。3.(2019湖北宜昌示范性高中协作体期中)Weak as he seemed,he went straight into the sea with any hesitation. 3.答案withwithout句意:虽然他看起来很弱,但他毫不犹豫地径直向海里走去。without any hesitation毫不犹豫。4.(2019福建长汀一中等六校联考)Some students may get access for some unhealth

36、y websites, which does harm to their development. 4.答案forto句意:一些学生可能会进入一些不健康的网站,这对他们的成长有害。考查固定搭配。get access to sth.为固定短语,意为:进入,有权使用。5.(2019湖南长郡中学模拟)One day when I was on my way to home from school,I found a building on fire.Immediately I called the firefighters. 5.答案去掉toon ones way home为固定搭配,意为“在某人回

37、家的路上”。6.(2019安徽皖南八校一次联考)I always feel so thankful to what they have offered to me. 6.答案第一个tofor句意:我总是对他们为我的付出感到非常感激。be thankful (to sb.) for sth.为固定搭配,意为:因某事(向某人)表示感谢。7.(2019福建安溪一中、养正中学、惠安一中、泉州实验中学期中)Once I talked to her this problem. 7.答案this problem前加about句意:有一次我和她谈起了这个问题。考查介词。talk to sb. about st

38、h.和某人谈论某事。8.(2019河北“五个一名校联盟”第二次考试)A big storm destroyed two villages in South Africa on last Friday, causing 4 deaths. 8.答案去掉last前的on考查介词。Friday前有last修饰,前面不用介词。9.(2019闽粤赣“三省十校”联考)However, too much rain does a lot of harm for us. 9.答案forto句意:然而,太多的雨水对我们有很大危害。do harm to.为固定短语,意为:对有危害。10.(2019江西红色七校二联)

39、 As I was waiting the response from the manager, I saw an old man in a wheelchair roll himself over to the counter. 10.答案waiting后加for句意:当我等待经理的回复时,我看到一位老人坐着轮椅向柜台移动。wait作“等待”讲时为不及物动词,后加宾语时,需在wait后加介词for。.语法填空(2019山东潍坊二模)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Cambridge University in the UK acknowledged on Mo

40、nday that it did consider a Chinese students score on the national college entrance exam known 1 the gaokao for new admissions. It also stressed that admissions are not only based on test scores but a comprehensive 2(assess) of each applicant. The response came after inquiries poured in over the las

41、t two days 3(follow)news reports claiming Cambridge started accepting Chinas gaokao scores from new 4(applicant).The reports 5(apparent)raised hopes of many Chinese students and parents 6 thought entrance requirements to the storied university has now become somewhat 7(easy). Many netizens even joke

42、d 8 they could retake their gaokao and get a better mark they would apply to the famed university. The university, however, says it 9(consider)gaokao scores for years, requiring a student 10(rank)in the top 0.1 percent on the test in their province. Students also have to pass the still-required test

43、, IELTS.In addition to Cambridge University, there are six other universities in the UK that recognize gaokao scores.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案语篇解读英国剑桥大学考虑接受中国学生的高考成绩,达到标准要求就可以申请入学。1.as考查介词。be known as为固定用法,意为:被称为。2.assessment考查名词。此处指每一个申请者的综合评价。设空处前有不定冠词和形容词修饰,所以要用其名词形式。3.following考查非谓语动词。设空处是非谓语动词作定语

44、,与其所修饰的名词The response之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。相当于which followed。4.applicants考查名词。此处表达:新的申请者的高考分数。applicant是一个可数名词,根据语境可知“申请者”有很多,所以要用其复数形式。5.apparently考查副词。此处表达:这些报道显然提高了很多中国学生和家长的希望。设空处单词修饰谓语动词raised,所以要用其副词形式。6.who/that考查定语从句。设空处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词Chinese students and parents,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关系代词who/that引导

45、。7.easier考查比较级。此处表达:达到录取要求比原来变得更容易了。所以要用形容词的比较级easier。8.if考查宾语从句。设空处引导的是宾语从句,根据语境可知该从句应该用if引导,意为:是否。9.has considered考查动词时态。句意:然而,剑桥大学说他们已经考虑高考成绩好几年了。设空处是句子的谓语动词,根据时间状语for years可知,此处应该用现在完成时。10.to rank考查不定式。require sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事。.短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。每处错

46、误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(),并在其下面写出该加的词。删除:把多余的词用斜线(划掉。修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。Dear Heary,Im more than delighted to hear of you. As for the ancient Chinese poems what impress me most, Id like to share one with you.The poem is The Awaiting Stone b

47、y Wang Jian, one of the most famous poet in the Tang Dynasty. The poem sings highly praises for a wifes love for her husband. Every time I read the poem, a sad-looking woman stands in the rain and wind seems to appear in the front of me, waiting for her husband to return. The poem rhyme and is very

48、short, which makes it easy understand. Thats because it has been popular ever since.I hope you will like them and the Chinese culture as well.Yours,Li Hua答案1.第一句:offrom句意:收到你的来信我非常高兴。hear from sb.收到某人的来信。hear of sb.听说过某人。2.第二句:whatthat/which句意:关于给我印象最深的中国古诗,我愿意和你分享一首。定语从句修饰先行词poems,关系词在从句中充当主语,所以要用关

49、系代词that/which引导。3.第三句:poetpoets此处表达:他是唐朝最著名的诗人之一。根据one of可知poet要用复数形式。4.第四句:highlyhigh句意:这首诗高度赞扬了一位妻子对丈夫的爱。用形容词high修饰后面的名词praises。sing high praises for高度赞扬。5.第五句:standsstanding此处表达:一位站在雨中的妇女。非谓语动词作定语,stand与其所修饰的名词a woman之间是主动关系,所以要用v.-ing形式。6.第五句:去掉front前的the此处表达:站在我面前。in front of在的前面。而in the front of表达在某个空间内的前部。7.第六句:rhymerhymes并列连词and连接两个谓语动词,主语是单数形式,所以此处是两个并列的单数谓语动词rhymes和is。8.第六句:easy后加to此处表达:这使得它很容易理解。make it+adj.+to do sth.使得做某事是的。9.第七句:becausewhy句意:那就是为什么它一直以来受人欢迎。根据语境可知该表语从句应该用why引导。10.第八句:themit此处指代的是前文提到的那一首诗歌,同类且同物,要用代词it。