40 汤加遭遇史诗级海底火山爆发火山海啸自然灾害需引起高度重视2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练.docx

1、40 汤加遭遇史诗级海底火山爆发 火山海啸自然灾害需引起高度重视2022年中考英语时事热点话题题型专练背景事件：汤加遭遇千年一遇的高强度海底火山喷发，多国发布海啸预警。新华社发南太平洋岛国汤加的洪阿哈阿帕伊岛14日和15日发生火山喷发，首都努库阿洛法观测到海啸。日本、美国、加拿大等国均发布海啸预警。专家指出，事发地火山口已苏醒，喷发活跃期可持续数周甚至数年，尚不清楚目前是否已达喷发的峰值。 汤加首都主要街道被淹 多国发布海啸预警 联合国随时准备提供支持 中国外交部：愿提供力所能及的支持和援助外交部发言人汪文斌16日就汤加火山爆发答记者问时表示，中方十分关注汤加火山爆发并引发海啸、火山灰等灾害，

2、愿应汤方要求提供力所能及的支持和援助。据新华社北京1月16日电来源： 长江日报一、阅读单选AThe Exploding Lakes of CameroonWhat comes to mind when you think of a lake? You probably imagine a pretty scene with blue water, birds, and fish. For the people in the northwestern Cameroon, however, the image is very different. For them, lakes may mean

3、terrible disasters. In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages, killing thirty-seven people. Two years later, Lake Nyos erupted a cloud of gases rolled down the hills and into the valleys and killed 1,700 people.Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are crater (火

4、山口) lakes. They were formed when water collected in the craters of old volcanoes. The volcanoes under Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun are not active anymore. However, poisonous gases from the center of the earth continue to flow up through cracks in the bottom of the lake. This is normal in a crater lake.

5、 In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water “turns over” regularly. That is, the water from the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing the gases to escape slowly.However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over. No one kn

6、ows the reason for this fact, but as a result, these lakes have more gases tapped at the bottom than other crater lakes. In fact, scientists who have studied Lakes Nyos and Monoun have found 16,000 times more gases. When a strong wind, cool weather, a storm, or a landslide (滑坡) causes the water to t

7、urn over suddenly, the gases escape in a violent explosion.In the past, no one knew when the gases might explode, so there was no way for the villagers to escape disaster. Now scientists from the United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Ny

8、os. They stood a 672-foot plastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air. Near the top of the pipe, the team put several holes that could be opened or closed by a computer. Now, when the gas pressure gets too high, the holes are opened a

9、nd some of the gas-filled water shoots up through the pipe into the air like a fountain. With less pressure, a disastrous explosion is much less likely. However, the scientists are not sure that one pipe will be enough to prevent explosions. They hope to put in others soon and they plan to install a

10、 similar pipe and a computer system at Lake Monoun as well.To protect people nearby until all of the pipes are in place, the scientists have installed early warning systems at both lakes. If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens (警报) and bright lights to war

11、n the people in the villages. That way, they will have time to escape from the dangerous gases.1What will happen when Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode?AWater will flow down the hills.BPoisonous gases will be released suddenly.CA strong wind will rise from the lakes.DThe volcanoes will come to life.

12、2Which of the following statements about Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun is true?AThey were formed in 1984.BThey are at the top of two active volcanoes.CThey are not like most other crater lakes.DWater in them turns over regularly.3Lake Nyos and Lake Monoun explode because _.Athe gases rise to the top and

13、 mix with airBpeople from the villages turn over the waterCscientists have put in a computer systemDthey have more gases trapped at the bottom than other crater lakes4A team of scientists has _.Aerected a pressure-releasing pipe in the lakeBidentified the gases at the bottom of the lakeCbuilt a beau

14、tiful fountain near the lakesDremoved all dangerous gases from the lakes5What do we learn from the last paragraph?AScientists are planning to install pipes in all crater lakesBScientists still do not know how to prevent gas explosionsCExplosion disasters could be avoided in the futureDWarming system

15、s have been set up in the villages nearby.【答案】1-5BCAAC【分析】本文主要介绍了来自地球中心的有毒气体通过尼奥斯湖和莫嫩湖这两个火山口湖慢慢地逸出，更多的气体在遇到强风、寒冷天气、暴风雨或滑坡导致水突然翻转时，会在猛烈的爆炸中逸出。为了保护周边的居民，科学家已经在两个湖泊安装了早期预警系统，如果有危险会发出警报让村民及时逃离。1细节理解题。根据“In 1984, poisonous gases exploded out of Lake Monoun and came down into the nearby villages”可知，火山爆发时有

16、毒气体会突然逸出，故选B。2推理判断题。根据“In most crater lakes, these gases are released often because the water turns over regularly”及“However, in Lakes Nyos and Monoun, there is no regular turning over”可知，在大多数火山口湖中，这些气体经常被释放出来，因为水有规律地“翻转”，而在尼奥斯湖和莫农湖，没有定期的轮换，所以它们并不像大部分火山口湖，C表述正确，故选C。3推理判断题。根据“That is, the water from

17、the bottom of the lake rises and mixes with the water at the top, allowing the gases to escape slowly.”及全文的内容可知，是因为这些气体上升到顶部并与空气混合，故选A。4细节理解题。根据“Now scientists from the United States, France, and Cameroon have found a way to reduce the gas pressure at the bottom of Lake Nyos. They stood a 672-foot p

18、lastic pipe in the middle of the lake, with one end of the pipe near the bottom and the other end in the air”可知，科学家已经在湖里竖了一根减压管，故选A。5推理判断题。根据“If the gas pressure rises to a dangerous level, computers will set off loud sirens (警报) and bright lights to warn the people in the villages. That way, they w

19、ill have time to escape from the dangerous gases.”可知，科学家们已经在两个湖泊安装了早期预警系统，如果有危险会发出警报让村民及时逃离，那么这个就能避免爆炸灾害，故选C。BTsunami (海啸): Killer WaveThe warnings are few. The signs are sudden. The ground shakes. The tide goes into reverse. A great roaring sound fills the air. And then It strikes. Wave after wave

20、of crashing, crushing water. And when it is over, nothing is left. A tsunami.The word in Japanese means harbor wave. Japan has been hit by many tsunamis in its history, as a result of its location. It lies across the edges of 4 tectonic plates (地壳板块). Most earthquakes are born in such places. When t

21、wo tectonic plates push together, the earthquake sends enormous amounts of energy up through the ocean. A series of waves expands in all directions. In deep water, these waves travel fast up to 500 miles an hour - but reach a height of only a few feet. A passing ship may not even notice them. But as

22、 the waves enter shallow waters and come into contact with the ocean floor, their speed is reduced but their height is raised. As they move onto land, the waves can rise as high as a 10-story building. A tsunami wave doesnt break like an ordinary wave. Instead, it advances like a wall of water, cras

23、hing over everything in its way, sometimes reaching more than a kilometer inland. More damage is caused when the wave moves back out to sea. It drags everything in its path underwater and out to sea. Most tsunamis have several waves. They arrive between 10 and 60 minutes after the first strike just

24、when survivors think the danger has passed.The deadliest tsunami ever recorded occurred in December of 2004. An earthquake off the coast of Indonesia caused a tsunami that rushed across the Indian Ocean and reached as far as the coast of Africa. Whole sections of cities were destroyed. More than 200

25、,000 people died. Most had no way of being warned. Five thousand miles away in Hawaii, scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center monitor the earths movements 24 hours a day. They hope to prevent a similar disaster from happening in the Pacific region. If they discover a quake big enough to ca

26、use a tsunami, the scientists try to find out where the wave will head and warn people in its path. Their advice-is simple: leave the coastal areas and move to higher ground. Wait for news that the danger has passed. And be ready to deal with the damage that a tsunami leaves behind.6What is the firs

27、t paragraph mainly about?AWhat is a tsunami like?BWhat is a tsunami?CWhere does a tsunami come from?DHow strong is a tsunami?7Why has Japan been hit by many tsunamis in its history?ABecause of its location of 4 tectonic plates.BBecause of most earthquakes.CBecause a series of waves expands in all di

28、rections.DBecause it lies across the edges of 4 tectonic plates.8What does the underlined word them refer to in Paragraph 2?ATsunamis.BWaves in deep water.CWaves in shallow water.DOcean floors.9Which of the description of tsunami is proper according to the passage?AThe deadliest tsunami ever recorde

29、d/caused 200,000 people to die. -BAn ordinary wave advances like a wall of water, crashing over everything in its way.CMost tsunamis can be warned now because scientists monitor the earths movements 24 hours a day.DWhen a tsunami wave moves back out to sea, more damage happens.10Where is this articl

30、e probably from?AA newspaper.BA nature magazine.CA storybook.DA science research.【答案】6-10ADBDB【分析】主要介绍日本多海啸的原因、海啸带来的灾难性后果。文章提到了2004年的印尼大海啸，描述其造成的后果以及死亡人数。最后介绍了海啸的难以预测以及科学家们为了预测海啸做了哪些努力，也对人们提出简单的建议，发生海啸的时候往高处逃生，等待新闻说明海啸已过，也做好准备处理海啸后的灾情。6段落大意题。根据文中第一段的描述“The warnings are few.And when it is over, nothi

31、ng is left. A tsunami.”可知，本段描写的是海啸的情景，也就是海啸是什么样的，故选A。7细节理解题。根据文中“Japan has been hit as a result of its location. It lies across the edges of 4 tectonic plates (地壳板块).”可知，日本多次被海啸袭击的原因是因为它处于四个地壳板块的边缘上。故选D。8词义猜测题。根据文中“A series of waves expands in all directions. In deep water, these waves travel fast u

32、p to 500 miles an hour - but reach a height of only a few feet. A passing ship may not even notice them.”可知，them指的是“这些在深水传播速度很快，高度却只有几英尺的波浪”，故选B。9细节理解题。根据文中“More damage is caused when the wave moves back out to sea.”可知，当海浪返回大海时，会造成更大的损害。故选D。10推理判断题。根据整个文章的理解可知，文章主要是介绍海啸是什么，日本多海啸的原因，海啸最具灾难性的时候以及原因，以及

33、科学家为预警人们海啸做的努力和发生海啸的应对建议，所以这样的文章应该是在自然类杂志上的一篇科普文章。故选B。C November 5 is World Tsunami(海啸) Awareness Day. Tsunami is a Japanese word for a long, destructive(摧毁性的) ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake. The goal of the anniversary is to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the f

34、uture. Two tsunamis in the last 15 years have changed the way people around the world think about these destructive events.On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indonesia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries. An estimated(估计的) 230,000 people di

35、ed and costs were in the billions of dollars. Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country. More than18,000 people died. The tsunami also caused serious damage to the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power cen

36、ter on the island of Honshu. Several nuclear reactors(核 反应堆) were severely(严重地) damaged and leaked(泄漏) radiation(辐射).The two events caused people in the Pacific and Indian Ocean areas to study and improve preparedness for disasters. This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in

37、Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.Willem Rampangilei is head of the Disaster Management Agency in Indonesia. He said Indonesia passed a law on disaster management afte

38、r the 2004 tsunami. It led in 2008 to the creation of his agency. “Our responsibilities include reduction and preparedness, emergency response, as well as post-disaster recovery and reconstruction(重新建设),” he said. He added that 150 million Indonesians were at risk from earthquakes, 60 million from f

39、loods and four million from tsunamis.Preparedness has spread beyond Asia. There are now early warning systems in place for the Caribbean Sea, the Northeast Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean Sea and surrounding(周围的) areas.11What does the underlined word mean in the passage?AKnowledge.BPreparation.CDa

40、y of remembrance.DChange.12What do we learn from the second paragraph?ANatural disasters are too powerful for people to survive.BEarthquakes and tsunamis often take place on islands.CNuclear reactors can be safe even if damaged in an earthquake.DNatural disasters can cause great losses to humans.13O

41、ne of the aims of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction is .Ato reduce the damage caused by disasters.Bto make people know more about disaster risks.Cto help people get away from disasters.Dto help with the reconstruction after the disaster.【答案】11-13CDB【分析】这篇短文主要讲述了海啸的相关知识，并指出气象局可以检测海啸发生，

42、并给人李伟语境。11词句猜测。根据下文“to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future.”可知，纪念日的目的是向过去的灾难学习，为将来做准备。可知上文中anniversary的意思是“纪念日”。Knowledge.知识；Preparation. 准备；Day of remembrance纪念日；Change改变。根据题意，故选C。12段落大意。根据文中“On December26, 2004, a magnitude (震级) 9 earthquake near the coast of Indones

43、ia caused tsunami waves that struck the coasts of four countries.” 2004年12月26日，印度尼西亚海岸附近发生里氏9级地震，引发海啸，袭击了4个国家的海岸。及“Then, on March 11, 2011, a magnitude 9 earthquake struck northeastern Japan. It was the most powerful earthquake ever recorded in that country.” 随后，2011年3月11日，日本东北部发生里氏9级地震。这是那个国家有史以来最强

44、烈的地震。可知本段主要讲述了自然灾害会给人类造成巨大损失。故选D。13细节理解。根据文中“This led to the SendaiFrameworkfor DisasterRiskReductionin 2015 in Sendai, Japan. The agreement was a UN effort to raise awareness(提高意识) about disaster risks and to urge(催促) countries to assess(评估)how well they were prepared for them.”可知，仙台减少灾害风险框架的目标之一是使

45、人们更多地了解灾害风险。故选B。【点睛】点睛：我们在做阅读理解题时，就要明确初中阅读理解考查的主要内容,在此基础上,快速阅读全文,了解文章大意;在了解文章的基础上,抓住首尾句;认真仔细、逐步答题;平心静气,不急躁,仔细检查,减少误差。严格说来,阅读理解主要要求是：1.掌握阅读主旨大意，用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节：2.既理解具体事实,也理解抽象的概念；3.既理解字面意思,也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度以及意图等。如第1小题，考查词句猜测。根据下文“to learn from disasters(灾害) of the past and to prepare for the future.”可知，

46、纪念日的目的是向过去的灾难学习，为将来做准备。可知上文中anniversary的意思是“纪念日”。Knowledge.知识；Preparation. 准备；Day of remembrance纪念日；Change改变。根据题意，故选C。 DThe shock of the earthquake in Pakistan has brought another shock: the rise of a mysterious island, coming out from the water. In the aftershock of the earthquake, people living in

47、 Grabian Sea and saw a mountain-like shape coming out of the water. “It looked like a huge whale,” Bahram Baloch, a local reporter, told the BBC“Lots of people gathered to watch it. ”So what happened? The force of the earthquake was so strong that it moved the sea floor, releasing gas(释放气体). This ga

48、s pushed the seabed, mostly rock and sand, out of the water. This was how the mud volcano (泥火山) was formed. The island which is about 20 meters high, 30 meters long and 90 meters wide is actually the top of the mud volcano. Is it safe? Although people have visited this new island, scientists have fo

49、und dangerous gas coming from the newly formed island. “It will catch fire, when a match was lit,” said Mohammad Danish, a scientist, to Universe Today. The mud volcano is strange because mud volcanoes seldom appeared in an area where people often live, and not far out in the sea. It is a special on

50、e. However, its not expected to last very long. Most of these mud volcanoes are swept back under the sea within one year.14What does the island look like ?AA dogBA catCA whaleDA dolphin15Which of the following can be filled in the box to show how mud volcanoes are formed?AThe sea floor was moved.BRo

51、ck and sand were mixed.CThe storm blew up the sea.DA huge mountain appeared.16According to Mohammad Danish, _.Ait is safe to visit mud volcanoesBit is a bad time to do researchCsome places on the island were on fireDgas from the newly formed island was dangerous.【答案】14-16CAD【分析】文章大意：巴基斯坦西南部地区在发生7. 7

52、级地震后，在瓜德达港附近海域冒出一座小岛，引起当地居民围观。地震专家普遍猜测，这座小岛很可能是海底泥火山喷发造成的，应该过一段时间就会在海浪的冲击下消失。14细节理解题。根据“It looked like a huge whale,” Bahram Baloch, a local reporter, told the BBC. 当地记者巴赫拉姆巴洛赫对BBC说：“它看起来像一头巨大的鲸鱼。”可知，故选C。15细节理解题。根据This gas pushed the seabed, mostly rock and sand, out of the water. 气体推动海床（大多数是岩石和沙子）露

53、出水面。可知第一步是地震发生；第二步是气体释放；第三步是推升海床；第四步是露出海面。故选A。16细节理解题。根据科学家说的话“It will catch fire, when a match was lit,” said Mohammad Danish, a scientist, to Universe Today.它（危险气体）会引起火灾当火柴点燃的时候。可知这个岛屿上的气体是危险的，故选D。 ENational disasters around the world are happening at an alarming rate in 2018. Every few weeks, wer

54、e witnessing earthquakes that destroy whole cities, wildfires that burn thousands of lands, and cyclones that cause mass flooding.Indonesia Tsunami(海啸）DateDecember 22, 2018CauseIts believed that undersea landslides from the Anak Krakatau volcano caused a violent tsunami which struck at night.Damages

55、1,500 injured and an estimated 22,000 displacedDeaths430Fall 2018 California FiresDateNovember 8-November 25CauseThough the cause of each is unknown, three separate wildfires broke out in early November 2018: the Camp fire in Paradise; the Hill fire in the Santa Rosa Valley and the Woolsey Fire in L

56、os Angeles and Ventura counties. The worst of the three, the Camp fire, completely destroyed the town of Paradise.Damages230,000+ acres (combined)Deaths91(combined)The Indonesia Earthquake And TsunamiDateSeptember 28, 2018CauseShifting plates caused the 7.5 magnitude earthquake, and the quake set of

57、f the tsunami, which scientist couldnt predict.DamagesRoughly 2.4 million people were affected by the pair of natural disasters. More than 1,000 inmates from five prisons escaped after the natural disaster, and policemen are asking them return within the week.Deaths844 and countingHurricane Florence

58、Datestarted September 13CauseThe hurricane was caused by naturally occurring weather patterns.DamagesWithin 24hours of landfall, the massive hurricane flooded homes and streets in North Carolina. Up to 40 inches of rain flooded areas of the Carolinas. A week after the hurricane, major highways remai

59、ned flooded and closed.Death42Super Typhoon MangkhutDateStarted week of September 9, 2018Cause Natural occurring weather patternsDamages The typhoon caused massive flooding and power loss throughout Guam and Marshall. On September 16, the typhoon made landfall in Guangdong, China, killing four peopl

60、e.Deaths69+17What caused the Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami in September?AShifting plates.BExplosion of the volcanoes.CChanges of weather patterns.DUndersea landslides.18Which natural disaster may cause the most deaths?ATyphoon Mangkhut.BThe Indonesia Earthquake and Tsunami.CHurricane Florence.DFa

61、ll 2018 California Fires.19What does the underlined word “inmate “ mean?APatients.BPolicemen.CPrisoners.DDoctors.20Which of the following statements is TRUE?AThe hill fire is the worst among the three separate wildfires in California.BTyphoon Mangkhut caused damage to North Carolina and Marshall.CA

62、week after Hurricane Florence, major highways became normal.DNatural disasters took place frequently in 2018.21Where can we possibly read the passage?ATravel guide.BScience fiction.CMagazine.DAdvertisement.【答案】17-21ABCDC【分析】2018年全球灾难以竟然的速度在发生，每几周我们就会见证地震摧毁城市、野火烧毁陆地和飓风引起洪水。本文以表格的方式介绍了特大的自然灾害。17细节理解题。

63、根据Shifting plates caused the 7.5 magnitude earthquake, and the quake set off the tsunami, which scientist couldnt predict.可知板块移动导致了7.5级地震，地震引发了海啸。故选A。18细节理解题。根据表格可知印尼海啸引起430起死亡；加利福尼亚大火引起91起死亡；印尼地震和海啸引起844起死亡；飓风引起42起死亡；台风山竹引起69起死亡。因此印尼海啸和地震引起的死亡人数最多。故选B。19词义猜测题。根据from five prisons escaped after the n

64、atural disaster, and policemen are asking them return within the week.可知这些人是从监狱跑出来的，警察要求他们一周之内回去，因此可推断他们应该是罪犯。故选C。20细节理解题。根据The worst of the three, the Camp fire, completely destroyed the town of Paradise.可知三种大火里面the Camp fire是最严重的，A选项错误；根据The typhoon caused massive flooding and power loss throughou

65、t Guam and Marshall.可知山竹主要地区是Guam和Marshall，B选项错误；根据A week after the hurricane, major highways remained flooded and closed.可知飓风过后的一周，主要高速公路仍然保持淹没并关闭，C选项错误；根据National disasters around the world are happening at an alarming rate in 2018.可知2018年全球灾难以竟然的速度在发生。D选项正确。故选D。21推理判断题。本文介绍了2018年一些严重的自然灾害，因此不可能出现

66、在旅游杂志、科幻小说或者广告中。故选C。【点睛】推理判断题属于主观题，是层次较高的题目。它包含推理和判断。推理是为了做出正确的判断，正确的判断又依附于合乎逻辑的推理。该题要求在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意思和深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息，上下逻辑关系及食物的发展等一直信息，推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点。例如第5小题，题目问这篇文章会出现在什么上面。此题根据文章的结构，以及内容可以推断出，不可能出现在旅游杂志、科幻小说或者广告中。从而得出答案。FTsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese wo

67、rd that means “sea wave”A tsunami is a huge sea wave that forms mainly in the Pacific Ocean area. People die and property is destroyed when a tsunami hits land. What causes these dangerous sea waves？Sometimes，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater. Then，water begins to move up an

68、d down from the top of the ocean right down to the bottom. Waves begin to form，and each wave is called a tsunami.A tsunami is less than one meter high and can move at a speed of almost 800 kilometers per hour while it is far out in the ocean. But the tsunami rises higher and higher and moves more sl

69、owly as it comes closer to land.The weather bureau(气象局)warns people over the radio and television when a tsunami is heading for land. These warnings have helped save many lives.22The Japanese word “tsunami” means _.Aearthquake Bsea wave Cocean water Dtornado23According to the passage，a tsunami can b

70、e caused by _.Aan underwater earthquakeBheavy rainsCwaves hitting landDtornado24As the tsunami moves toward land，it_.Apicks up more speedBbecomes far less dangerousCrises higher and higherDrises lower and lower25According to this passage，_.Aa tsunami cant cause lots of troubleBpeople can save their

71、lives when a tsunami is comingCthe warning from the weather bureau can help people save their livesDno one can escape when a tsunami is coming【答案】22-25BACC【解析】本文介绍了海啸的意思，以及起因和表现。当海啸来临时，气象局的警报能帮助挽救很多人的生命。22B细节理解题。根据Tsunami(海啸)is a natural disaster，which is a Japanese word that means “sea wave”可知在日语中“

72、tsunami”的意思是海浪，故选B。23A细节理解题。根据Sometimes，tsunamis are caused when earthquakes take place underwater.可知海啸是由水下的地震导致的，故选A。24C细节理解题。根据But the tsunami rises higher and higher and moves more slowly as it comes closer to land.可知当海啸越靠近陆地时，它上升的越来来越高，故选C。25C细节理解题。根据The weather bureau(气象局)warns people over the

73、radio and television when a tsunami is heading for land. These warnings have helped save many lives.可知气象局的警报能帮助挽救很多人的生命。故选C。点睛：根据题干要求，在文中寻找答案所在的语句或段落，进行分析理解，词义猜测，概括归纳和推理判断，选出正确的选项。例如小题3，根据But the tsunami rises higher and higher and moves more slowly as it comes closer to land.可知当海啸越靠近陆地时，它上升的越来来越高，故

74、选C。GFor hundreds of years, Japan has been hit, from time to time, by enormous (巨大的) tsunamis（海啸）. These awful sudden risings of the sea are caused by earthquakes or underwater volcanic actions. The story of the boy Yuuki is the story of such a disaster. Yuuki lived with his family in a seaside villa

75、ge, below a small mountain. One day, as he played on top of the mountain, Yuuki felt a small earthquake but it was not strong enough to frighten anybody and passed quickly. Soon after, however, Yuuki noticed the sea darken and begin running away from the shore very fast, leaving behind wide stretche

76、s of beach that had never been seen before. With a grasp, Yuuki remembered reading that just before a terrible tsunami, the sea suddenly and quickly rolls backward. He ran to the beach, warning the villagers who had gathered to admire the new beach land. “Get back!” shouted the boy, “There is a terr

77、ible danger!”But no one listened. They laughed at him and continued playing in the new sand and watched the sea roll backward even more. Desperate, Yuuki could think of only one thing to do. He lit a tree branch, raced to the rice fields and began burning the harvested rice. Then he called out, “Fir

78、e! Fire! Everyone run to the mountain! Now!” When everyone reached the mountain-top, a villager cried out, “Yuuki is mad! I saw him set the fire.” Yuuki hung his head in shame, but said nothing as the villagers cursed him. Just then, someone shouted, “Look!” In the distance what seemed to be a huge

79、dark line was speeding towards the shore. As it got nearer the people realized the long thin line of darkness was the returning sea, towering like a mountain.The villagers watched in terror as the water struck the shore, smashing over their homes then tearing out the land as it receded.On the mounta

80、in everyone stared speechlessly at the destruction below.“Im sorry I burned the fields,” said Yuuki, his voice trembling.“Yuuki,” village-chief answered. “You saved us all.”The villagers cheered and raised Yuuki into the air. “We were going tocelebrate our rice harvest tonight,” said one, “but now w

81、ell celebrate that were all still alive!”26Where was Yuuki when the earthquake struck?AOn the beach.BOn the mountain.CIn the rice fields.DAt his family home.27In what order did the following events take place?a. Yuuki set fire to the rice fields.b. The villagers laughed and played on the beach.c. Th

82、e land was torn away by the water.d. Yuuki ran to warn the villagers.e. The villagers stared at the destruction.f. The people were cursing Yuuki.Ad, b, e, a, c, fBb, a, d, e, c, fCd, b, a, f, c, eDa, d, b, e, f, c28How did Yuuki save the villagers from the disaster?AHe told them about the earthquake

83、.BHe explained why the sea was flowing out.CHe told the village chief to warn the people.DHe set fire to the rice field.29What were the people planning to do before the tsunami struck their village?AHarvest the rice crop.BPlay on the beach.CClimb the mountain.DCelebrate the rice harvest.【答案】26-29BCD

84、D【分析】试题分析：这篇短文主要讲述一个叫Yuuki的日本男孩如何在海啸来临之前拯救村民的故事。文章介绍，Yuuki在山上玩耍时觉察到了细微的地震，并注意到大海的昏暗，他赶紧警告海滨的村民撤离，但是没有人相信他。无奈之下，Yuuki放火焚烧了收割的稻谷以逼迫村民跑上山顶。就这样，在海啸来临之前，Yuuki拯救了村民。26细节理解题。根据短文One day, as he played on top of the mountain, Yuuki felt a small earthquake的描述可知，发生地震的时候，Yuuki在山上玩耍。故选B。27细节理解题。从文章故事情节发展可知，Yuuki

85、从山上跑来警告在海边玩耍说笑的村民，村民不信，Yuuki于是放火焚烧稻谷，后被村民抓住，海啸到来，驻地被水淹没，村民注视着这毁灭性的灾害。故选C。28细节理解题。根据He lit a tree branch, raced to the rice fields and began burning the harvested rice的描述可知，Yuuki焚烧稻田逼迫村民山上才拯救了村民。故选D。29细节理解题。根据短文“We were going to celebrate our rice harvest tonight,” said one, “but now well celebrate t

86、hat were all still alive!”的描述可知，村民原本准备庆祝水稻丰收。故选D。考点：故事类短文阅读。H Do you still remember the disaster(灾难)several years ago? In Indonesia (印度尼西亚) thousands of people were killed by the tsunami(海啸) that washed people out to sea and pulled children out of their parents arms. “The weather was fine with no cl

87、ouds .There was no warning and suddenly the sea water just hit the city. In some parts the water was as high as two meters.” a man in the city said. “Sadli, an official at the hospital, said many of the dead in the city were children under the age of ten.” “Maybe the children were being carried by t

88、heir hold but they fell over in the water and couldnt hold on to their children .All the dead children drawed.” said Sadli. Officials said hundreds of houses had been swept away the force (力量) of five meter high waves across Aceh, which lies on the northern tip (末端)of Sumatra Island . “Tens of peopl

89、e saw the rushing water and didnt run to high ground .Instead, they kept watching it .Several of my workmates are missing.” Lelana said by telephone.30According to the passage, _were missing in the tsunami.Asome officialsBsome of Sadlis friendsCsome children under the age of tenDsome of Lelanas work

90、mates31In the tsunami, _ _swept away hundreds of houses.Ahuge wavesBstrong windsCheavy rainDrushing river water32“. There was no warning and suddenly the sea water was as high as two meters.”“Warning”here means _.A预兆B借鉴C教导D教训33“but they fell over in the water and couldnt hold on to their children.”“

91、They” here refers to _.Aofficials B childrenBthe deadCthe childrens parents34Some people saw the rushing water and didnt run to high grounds because _.Athey couldnt run fastBthe ground was too high to reachCthey didnt know they were in dangerDthe rushing water stopped them from running.【答案】30-34CAAD

92、C【分析】30细节理解题，由文中句子“many of the dead in the city were children under the age of ten.”可知。31细节理解题，由文句“hundreds of houses had been swept away the force (力量) of five meter high waves across Aceh,”可知。32词义理解题，由文中语句推断可知。33细节理解题，由文中语句“Maybe the children were being carried by their hold but they fell over in

93、the water and couldnt hold on to their children .”可知。34理解推断题，由句子“Tens of people saw the rushing water and didnt run to high ground .Instead, they kept watching it可知。二、多任务混合阅读 Natural disasters are a part of life, and there is no way to (A) prevent them happening However, the harmful cffcets of natur

94、al disasters can often be reduced.First, avoid places where natural disasters often take place For example, the 2011 earthquake and tsunami (海啸) in northern Japan happened in exactly the same place as other (B) serious disasters in the past Because of past disasters, some towns were moved away from

95、the area, and warnings were posted everywhere, reminding people that if there was an earthquake, a tsunami would certainly However. (C) 许多人没注意这些警告. Many towns were rebuilt in the same places as (D) _, so they were destroyed again in the 2011 earthquake.(E) _, build stronger houses and buildings beca

96、use sometimes we do not know an area is a disaster zone (地区) until a disaster hits. Often, the disaster itself does not kill people People are often killed because they are living or working in badlymade buildings.Finally, we need better warning systems. So people can leave disaster area before a di

97、saster hits.(F) If we follow these rules, many lives can be saved.35写出画线部分 (A) 和 (B) 的同义词或近义词；36将画线部分（C）译成英语：_37在 (D) 和 (E) 的空白处分别填入一个适当的单词；38将画线部分 (F) 改写为If these rules _ many lives can be saved.39从文中找出两种自然灾害：_. 【答案】35stop; bad/terrible/awful36Many people didnt/did not give/pay attention to the war

98、nings.37before; Second/Next/Then38are followed39earthquake; tsunami【分析】本文主要介绍了如何应对自然灾害的一些防范措施。35prevent阻止，动词，其同义词为stop，意为“阻止”，动词，stop sb. doing sth. 阻止某人做某事；serious严重的，形容词，此处用来形容自然灾害的程度；其近义词为bad/terrible/awful。故填stop；bad/terrible/awful。36许多人：many people；注意：give /pay attention to，固定短语；这些警告：the warnin

99、gs，此处特指用定冠词the，因为是“这些警告”故用复数形式warnings；“没注意”说明句子是一个否定句，根据本段时态为一般过去时，因此变否定时需要使用助动词didnt (did not的缩写形式)，助动词之后跟动词原形。故填Many people didnt/did not give/pay attention to the warnings.37根据“Many towns were rebuilt in the same places as”可知，许多城镇在相同的地方像以前一样被重建。此处使用as before，表示“像以前一样”；（E）位于句首，根据第二段句首“First首先”以及第

100、四段句首“Finally最后”可知，第二段句首是“Second第二/ Next下一步/Then然后”符合文章分段结构；句首首字母大写。故填before；Second/Next/Then。38句意：如果我们遵循这些规则，许多生命可以被拯救。分析画线部分的句子可知，原句时态为一般现在时，改写的句子表达的是“如果这些规则被遵守”，因此使用一般现在时的被动语态，即be+动词过去分词；主语these rules是复数，be动词用are，follow的过去分词是followed。故填are followed。39根据文章第二段第四行“reminding people that if there was a

101、n earthquake, a tsunami would certainly However.”可知，提醒人们，如果发生地震，海啸肯定会随之而来。 由此可知，两个自然灾害的具体名称为earthquake地震；tsunami海啸。故填earthquake；tsunami。三、语法填空 Paricutin is a new volcano（火山）. It is active today. One day 40 1943, a farmer was in his fields. He was 41 (surprised) to see steam coming from the ground. 4

102、2 (sudden), the land opened and lava（熔岩）started to come out. The farmer 43 (hurry) back to his village to tell everyone. The villagers 44 (be) very frightened. After a few 45 (hour), there was already a small mountain of lava. Next morning, it was over 15 meters high. About 500 people lived in the t

103、own of San Juan near there. They decided to leave, so they moved 46 another town. They were very lucky 47 the lava covered（覆盖） San Juan two weeks later. Paricutin 48 (stop) producing lava after nine years, when it was 425 meters high. Today, the church tower is 49 only thing you can see in San Juan.

104、【答案】40in41surprised42Suddenly43hurried44were45hours46to47because48stopped49the【分析】文章主要介绍了帕里库廷火山是一座新火山。它是1943的一天爆发的，并介绍了当时的一些情况。40句意：1943年的一天，一个农民在田里干活。空格后是“1943”，年份前用介词in，故填in。41句意：他惊讶地看到蒸气从地上冒出来。空格放在was后面作表语，应用形容词，且修饰的是主语He，应用ed形容词，surprised“感到惊讶的”，是形容词，故填surprised。42句意：突然，大地裂开了，熔岩开始冒出来。空格修饰的是整个句子，

105、应用副词，sudden“突然的”，是形容词，其副词是suddenly，位于句首首字母要大写，故填Suddenly。43句意：农夫急忙回村里告诉大家。文章描述过去的事情，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填hurried。44句意：村民们非常害怕。主语是复数名词，be动词应用复数形式，描述过去的事情用一般过去时，所以be动词应用were，故填were。45句意：几个小时后，已经有一座小熔岩山了。空格前有a few修饰，名词应用复数形式，故填hours。46句意：他们决定离开，所以他们搬到了另一个城镇。move to“搬到”，是一个固定短语，to是介词，故填to。47句意：他们非常幸

106、运，因为两周后熔岩覆盖了圣胡安。空后表原因，因此用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。48句意：帕里库廷火山在9年后停止喷发熔岩，当时岩浆高达425米。描述过去的事情用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填stopped。49句意：今天，教堂塔是你在圣胡安唯一能看到的东西。根据“only thing”可知，此处表达的是“唯一的东西”，英语表达为the only thing，故填the。四、短文选词填空Aserious hit feel also experience stress sudden slow building their butWhen an earthquake happ

107、ens, part of the Earths surface moves. In fact, the surface of the Earth moves all the time. The tectonic plates(地壳板块) which make up the surface press against each other very 50. Over thousands of years, this movement creates great 51. In some places where the layers(表层) of rock are weak, this final

108、ly causes a 52 movement -an earthquake. Thousands of earthquakes happen every day, 53 most are very small and cause no damage. A large earthquake shakes 54 to the ground, or causes a tsunami(海啸) wave. The results are usually very 55 .Its common for people in southern Europe 56 big earthquakes, and o

109、n November1st, 1755, a powerful earthquake 57 the city of Lisbon in Portugal. Between 60,000 and 100,000 people lost 58 lives. After the earthquake a tsunami struck the city, and there was 59 a fire, which caused nearly total destruction(毁灭). People as far away as Finland 60 the shock, and the tsuna

110、mi reached Barbados in the West Indies.【答案】50slowly51stress52sudden53but54buildings55serious56to experience57hit58their59also60felt【分析】本文主要介绍了地震是如何发生的以及其危害。50句意：组成地球表面的地壳板块互相挤压非常缓慢。根据“ In fact, the surface of the Earth moves all the time.”可知，地震时，地球表面移动明显，事实上，地球表面一直在移动，只是移动缓慢而已，选择slow，此处用副词修饰动词。故填slo

111、wly。51句意：几千年来，这种运动产生了巨大的压力。空处应填名词作宾语，根据物理和地理常识可知，挤压会产生压力，选择stress，不可数名词。故填stress。52句意：在某些地方岩石层不牢固，这最终导致突然的运动地震。空处需填形容词作定语修饰名词movement，根据“an earthquake”结合备选词可知，sudden符合语境，此处指突然的运动。故填sudden。53句意：每天都有成千上万的地震发生，但是大多数都很小，不会造成破坏。空前空后句子之间是转折关系，用连词but“但是”连接。故填but。54句意：大地震可以将建筑震倒，或可以引起海啸。空处应填名词作宾语，根据“A large

112、 earthquake shakes .to the ground”结合选项可知，选择building，指将建筑物震倒，泛指所有建筑物，用复数形式。故填buildings。55句意：结果通常是非常严重的。空处应填形容词作表语，根据上文“A large earthquake shakes . to the ground, or causes a tsunami(海啸) wave. ”可知，结果很严重，serious符合语境。故填serious。56句意：对南欧人来说，经历大地震是很常见的。“Its adj. for sb. to do sth.”表示“对某人来说，做某事是怎样的”，空处用动词不定

113、式作真正的主语，根据“people in southern Europe.big earthquakes”结合选项，experience“经历”符合语境，指经历大地震，故填to experience。57句意：1755年11月1日，葡萄牙里斯本市发生强烈地震。空处缺少谓语动词，根据“a powerful earthquake .the city of Lisbon in Portugal.”可知，此处指强烈的地震袭击了葡萄牙里斯本市，选择hit“袭击”，由时间状语November1st, 1755可知，此处用其过去式。故填hit。58句意：6万至10万人丧生。由“Between 60,000

114、and 100,000 people ”可知，此处指“失去他们的生命”，形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。59句意：地震后，一场海啸袭击了这座城市，还有一场火灾，几乎造成了全部的破坏。此处应填副词，根据句意，此处表示“还有一场火灾”，用副词also，位于实义动词之前，be动词之后。故填also。60句意：远至芬兰的人们都感到了震动，海啸到达了西印度群岛的巴巴多斯岛。空处应填谓语动词，根据“the shock”结合语境可知，应是感到了震动，选择feel，因为讲的是过去的事情，应用过去式。故填felt。 BAturn off Bsafety Cfar Dpulling E. lis

115、ten toTsunamis (海啸) do not happen very often, but when they do, they are very dangerous. For your61, you should know if you are in a tsunami area. If there is an earthquake, a tsunami could follow, so62a radio or watch TV for instructions. There may be as much as a two-hour warning or only minutes.

116、You should get to higher ground and go as63island as you can.Sometimes, people at the shore see the water64back unusually far. This is called “draw back” and it can happen before a tsunami hits. Run in the other direction, away from the water.【答案】61-64BECD【分析】本篇文章难度适中，主要讲述海啸很危险以及如何预防海啸带来的危险。61句意：为了你

117、的安全，你应该知道你是否在一个海啸区域。根据空前your可知，空处用形容词。且根据they are very dangerous“他们非常危险”可知，表示“为了你的安全”。safety安全，故填B。62句意：如果有一个地震，海啸就会随之而来，所以收听收音机或者看电视获得指示。根据空后or可知，空处与watch并列，用动词。且根据句意可知，表示“听收音机”。listen to a radio听收音机，故E。63句意：你应该到达更高的地面并且尽你最大的可能远离岛屿。根据as.as可知，空处用原级，再根据句意可知，避免海啸要远离岛屿。far远的，故选C。64句意：有时，在海岸的人们看到水退却地不同寻常地远。根据see.doing“看到正在”可知，空处用doing，且根据句意可知，表示“水退得不同寻常地远”，pull back退回，拉回，故选D。