Unit 3 Section C Using Language-2020-2021学年高二英语同步课堂帮帮帮（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）.docx

1、UNIT 3 FASCINATING PARKS3.3 Using Language & Assessing Your ProgressI.知识要点1. ahead adv. 向前; 在前面; 提前*You walk on ahead, and I shall soon catch you up. 你在前面先走, 我很快就会赶上你。*Now we go to China and all we see is how far ahead of us theyve come. 如今我们到中国后所看到的是, 他们已远远走在了我们前面。*Having finished the work ahead of

2、 time, they were given a long holiday. 提前完成了工作, 她们得到了一个长的假期。【词块积累】go ahead开始; 前进; 先走; 干吧ahead of. . . 在前面ahead of time 提前; 提早ahead of schedule 提前Dont put off after meal dont ahead of time, to do things. 用餐不要提前, 做事不要拖后。(喻指: 先把事情做好, 然后再去享受)2. appeal vi. 有吸引力; 呼吁; 恳求; 上诉n. 吸引力; 呼吁; 上诉; 请求*Its said that

3、 the movie will appeal to adults as well as children. 据说这部电影除了将吸引儿童外, 还会吸引成年人。* The government is appealing to everyone to save water. 政府呼吁人人节约用水。*Her sense of humour appealed to him enormously the first time they met each other. 第一次见面她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了。The police made an appeal to the public to remain

4、calm. 警察呼吁公众保持冷静。【词块积累】 (1)appeal to sb. for sth. 呼吁某人某事appeal to sb. to do sth. 呼吁某人做某事appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力appeal to sth. 上诉(2)make an appeal 呼吁(3)appealing adj. 吸引人的; 可怜的3. wander n. 游荡; 闲逛; 流浪 vt. &vi. 闲逛; 漫游vi. 走失; 离散; 走神*(2020全国卷) We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with

5、 an exceptional museum in Shanghai. 我们将在传统的小城镇里漫步, 并在上海的一个特别的博物馆结束我们的旅行。*The wide river wanders through some beautiful country and finally reaches the yellow river. 这条宽阔的河流蜿蜒曲折地流经一些风景秀丽的区域, 最终流入黄河。*You shouldnt wander about outside all day long, and its time to get a fixed job. 你不应该整天在外面闯荡, 应该有份稳定的工

6、作了。【词块积累】wander about/around 闲逛Time to wander whether or not I, it is the continuation of calm. 时间不管我是否徘徊, 它都冷静地延续着。(喻指: 时间不会以人的意志而转移, 时不等人)4. amuse vt. (提供)消遣; (使)娱乐*He was amused to see how seriously she took the game. 他看见她玩这个游戏十分认真的样子, 觉得好笑。*He likes to surround himself with amusing people. 他喜欢让自

7、己身边拥着有趣的人们。*To my amusement he couldnt get the door open. 使我感到好笑的是, 他竟然打不开门。【词块积累】(1)amused adj. 娱乐的, 觉得好笑的be amused at 觉得好笑(2)amusing adj. 有趣的, 好玩的; 引人发笑的(3)amusement n. 消遣, 娱乐; 乐趣amusement park游乐园5. entertainment n. 娱乐; 招待; 娱乐活动; 文娱节目*(2020全国卷) I had several children and books were our main source

8、 of entertainment. 我有几个孩子, 书籍是我们娱乐的主要来源。*He entertained us for hours with his stories and jokes. 他既讲故事又说笑话, 把我们逗得乐了好几个小时。*She was always so funny and entertaining. 她总是那么风趣, 令人愉快。【词块积累】 (1)entertain v. 热情款待; 使有兴趣; 娱乐entertain sb. with sth. 用某物招待某人(2)entertaining adj. 令人愉快的entertained adj. 娱乐的; 愉快的ent

9、ertainer n. 表演者, 演艺人员6. Whichever and whatever you like, there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you! 无论你喜欢哪一个, 无论你喜欢什么, 都会有一个极好的主题公园吸引你! 【句式解构】本句为主从复合句。whichever and whatever引导让步状语从句。*(2019北京高考)Whatever stage of life youre at, wherever you go and whatever project you do in GDA, youll

10、create positive changes in a poor and remote community. 无论你处于人生的什么阶段, 无论你走到哪里, 无论你在GDA做什么项目, 你都将在一个贫穷和偏远的社区中创造积极的变化。【拓展积累】“no matter+疑问词”引导从句“no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句, “疑问词+ever”除了可以引导状语从句还可以引导名词性从句。whichever=no matter which无论哪一个; 任何一个whatever=no matter what无论什么wherever=no matter where无论在什么地方; 各处how

11、ever=no matter how无论如何*Whoever did this will sooner or later be caught and will be punished. (主语从句)不管是谁干的这事, 早晚要被抓住并受到惩罚。*When youre older I think youre better equipped mentally to cope with whatever happens. (宾语从句) 你年龄再大一些后, 我想你就会有更强的心理承受能力来面对所发生的任何事。7. If it is ocean entertainment that you are loo

12、king for, come to Chimelong Ocean Kingdom! 如果你想找的正是海洋娱乐, 那就来长隆海洋王国吧! 【句式解构】if 引导的条件状语从句, 运用了强调句型: “it is. . . that. . . ”。*(2018天津高考)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat. 直到汽车停在我们房子前面, 我们才看到莉莉坐在副驾驶的位置上。*You are waiting at a wrong place. It i

13、s at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists. 你在一个错误的地方等待。长途客车是在旅店接送游客的。*It was Anns husband that/who took her to a nearby hospital last night. 昨天晚上, 是安的丈夫带她去了一家附近的医院。*It wasnt until the train pulled into the station that he found that his suitcase was gone. 直到火车进站, 他才发现他的手提箱不见了。*How was it that

14、they discovered the entrance to the underground palace? 他们是怎么发现地下宫殿的入口的? 【拓展积累】强调句型基本结构: It is/was +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他成分。强调“人”时, 可用that/who; 强调其他时均用that。强调成分: 主语、宾语、地点状语、时间状语等(谓语、表语、定语、补足语、让步状语从句除外)。8. incredible adj. 极好的; 极大的; 难以置信的*(2020天津高考) The dancers incredible performance had the audience on

15、 its feet clapping for 10 minutes at the end of the show. 在表演结束时, 这位舞者的精彩表演赢得了观众10分钟的掌声。*I felt incredibly ashamed of myself for getting so angry. 我对自己发那么大的火而深感惭愧。【词块积累】incredibly adv. 难以置信地, 极其credible adj. 可靠的, 可信的9. be familiar with. . . 熟悉; 通晓* (2019全国卷)It also doesnt require a new type of techn

16、ology that people arent already familiar with. 它也不需要一种人们还不熟悉的新技术。*When she saw the house, she had a feeling of familiarity. 她见到这座房子就有一种熟悉的感觉。*The things are familiar to people. 这些事为人们所熟知。【词块积累】familiarity n. 熟悉, 通晓be familiar to为所熟悉【熟词生义】10. adorable adj. 可爱的; 讨人喜爱的*The lag is just long enough for y

17、our kids adorable smile to turn into a nightmarish frown. 但就在这短短的一瞬间里, 你的孩子可爱的笑容可能就变成了可怕的皱眉。*Though we are in awe of Mr Zhang, we adore him. 尽管我们敬畏张老师, 但很崇拜他。*She adores going to the theater. 她喜欢看戏。*He gazed at her with pure adoration. 他一往情深地注视着她。*He turned round. He gazed at her. She was adorably l

18、ovely. 他转过身来, 凝视着她, 她美丽得令人仰慕。【词块积累】 (1)adore vt. 崇拜; 爱慕; 喜爱adore sth. /doing sth. 喜爱(2)adoration n. 热爱; 爱慕; 敬慕; 崇拜adoring adj. 热爱的; 爱慕的; 崇拜的adorably adv. 美妙地; 可爱地11. have fun 玩得开心*Come to Dollywood to have fun learning all about Americas historical southeastern culture! 来多莱坞愉快地学习美国东南部的历史文化吧! *(2018浙

19、江高考)If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mums home for dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. 如果你不打算忍受这个问题, 那么我建议下次你去你妈妈家吃晚饭时, 从她那里学会一些烹饪技巧。烹饪食物会很有趣。*I had fun with my friends at the party. 我和朋友们在聚会上玩得很开心。*The game w

20、ill be full of fun. I can not wait to join in the fun. 这个游戏将会很好玩, 我迫不及待想去凑热闹。*What do you do for fun in winter? We make snowmen and go skiing. 你们冬天做什么来娱乐? 我们堆雪人和滑雪。*I was indignant that he should make fun of the disabled. 我对他取笑残疾人感到愤慨。【词块积累】funn. 乐趣; 嬉戏; 享乐的事 adj. 使人愉快的; 开心的have fun 玩得开心for fun 开玩笑地

21、; 闹着玩地 make fun of sb. 口语取笑(或嘲弄、奚落)某人, 拿某人开玩笑【易混辨析】用fun还是funny?(1)首先funny 与 fun 词性不同: funny 是形容词, 意为“有趣的, 滑稽的”; fun是不可数名词。(2)同为形容词时, 两者含义上也有差别: funny指的是一种滑稽可笑的“有趣”, 侧重点是让人觉得好玩或发笑。而 fun 则主要指“有趣, 好玩”, 不像funny 那样强调“滑稽”。例如: *It is more fun to go with someone than to go alone. 偕伴同去比独自去好玩。*Its funny to se

22、e a man walk upside down. 看见一个人倒立走路很好玩。12. up to 达到(某数量、程度等); 直到; 不多于; (体力或智力上)能胜任*(2020新高考全国卷) Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earharts final flight. 评委们将选出50名获奖者, 每人将获得一件纪念埃尔哈特最后一次飞行的T恤衫。I am very up to date on this sort of thing

23、because I often listen to the news. 我掌握了大量关于这类事的最新信息, 因为我经常收听新闻。* Up to now only a small number of schools have been built in this area. 到目前为止, 这个地区仅仅建了少数几所学校。【词块积累】up to date adj. 最新的; 最近的; 现代的up to now到目前为止up to you由你做主13. display n. 展览; 陈列; 展览品 vt. 显示; 陈列*(2020江苏高考) Most obviously, the men displa

24、yed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eaten. 最明显的是, 那些不吃早餐的人在锻炼开始时显示血糖水平要比吃早餐时低。*You are unlikely to purchase any of them because the paintings on display are not for sale. 你不可能买到这些画, 因为展览的绘画作品是不出售的。【词块积累】on display 展览, 公开展出14.

25、 fashion n. 时尚; 时兴; 流行款式*(2020全国卷) But some ecologists and fashion enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria. 不过, 一些生态学家和时尚爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮的市场复苏。*People come from all over America to see skilled workers make wood, glass, and iron objects in the old-fashioned way. 人们从美国各地赶来

26、, 看技术工人用老式的方法制造木头、玻璃和铁器。*Its fashionable for young people to wear trainers, but not just any trainers. 年轻人穿旅游鞋很时尚, 但不是说所有的旅游鞋都如此。*The girl may or may not outgrow her interest in fashion. 这个女孩对时尚的兴趣可能会随着年龄的增长而消失, 也可能不会。【词块积累】 (1)old-fashioned adj. 老式的; 过时的; 守旧的fashionable adj. 流行的; 时髦的fashionably adv

27、. 赶时髦地; 按照流行地fashion show时装秀; 时装表演会(2)in fashion流行out of fashion过时; 落伍15. rare adj. 稀少的; 珍贵的; (肉)半熟的*(2020新高考全国卷)Its rare to hear someone say, “I wish that speaker had spoken longer. ” 很少有人会说: “我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。”*Rarely has a debate attracted so much media attention. 难得有一场辩论吸引这么多的媒体关注。【词块积累】rarely adv.

28、 很少地; 难得; 罕有地rare opportunity难得的机会景点介绍属于说明文，使用生动的语言对某一地点和某一环境进行具体逼真的描绘。基本框架第一部分：提出介绍或说明的景点。第二部分：景点及其中各项活动项目的功能或特点、地理位置、交通方式以及收费情况等。第三部分：对景点的总结，发出邀请。注意事项：1.景点一般由若干活动项目组合而成。介绍时可依照先概述景点，再分述活动项目，最后总述的顺序。分述活动项目可依照游玩路线进行。2.介绍景点以说明为主，在说明中可以穿插描写和叙述。常用词块1.be located in northern China位于中国北方2.a famous historic

29、 and cultural city一座历史文化名城3.cover 154 square kilometers面积154平方公里4.be famous for its four wonders以四大奇迹而闻名5.a natural zoo and botanical garden一个天然动物园和植物园6.with a history of over 30 years有着30多年的历史7.last from 1703 to 1792从1703年持续到1792年8.date from/back to 1534 始建于1534年9.one of the most famous mountains i

30、n China中国最为著名的山脉之一10.the largest and most complete ancient woodenstructure building中国最大、最完整的古代木结构建筑常用语句1.介绍功能或特点The theme of the park is.这个公园的主题是You will enjoy doing/seeing.你会很高兴地做/看到Hangzhou has many places of interest, among which is the West Lake.Hangzhou is famous for the West Lake.杭州有许多名胜古迹，西湖是

31、其中之一。杭州以西湖而闻名。2.介绍地理位置It is located/situated in the centre of.它位于的中心。It lies in the south/east of.它位于的南面/东面。On the top of the hill stands a splendid tower.山顶上耸立着一座壮观的塔。3.介绍面积It covers an area of 1，000 square kilometres.它占地1 000平方公里。China is the third largest country in the world with an area of 9，60

32、0，000 square kilometres.中国是世界上第三大国，面积960万平方公里。4.介绍历史The city has a long history of 1，000 years.该城市有1 000年的悠久历史。It is a modern city with a long history of 1，000 years and rich tour resources.它是一个有着1 000年悠久历史的现代城市，旅游资源丰富。5.介绍交通方式You can reach the building/museum by.你可以通过到达大厦/博物馆。You can get there a li

33、ttle more quickly by.你可以通过更快速地到达那里。6.介绍其他情况It has a population of about eleven million.它有约一千一百万人口。As for the weather, it never gets too hot or too cold.And it is at its best during the spring and autumn months.至于天气，它不会太热或太冷。在春天和秋天是最好的。I.单句填空1. Finally she put a blue dress of beautiful silk that fit

34、her well and she appeared to want the most. 2. Tracksuits, cycling shorts and running shoes are very much fashion now for everyday wear. 3. It was the boy who had been in prison stole the money. 4. She addressed me with an easy (familiar) that made me feel at home. 5. James, a chocolate-brown pointe

35、r mix, turned from (adore) pet to problem child in a matter of weeks. 6. They know this carit is carrying a person very familiar them. 答案：1. on 2. in 3. that 4. familiarity 5. adorable 6. to . 翻译句子(英译汉)1. Lets go into the study and put on some music. 2. Id like to leave as soon as possible and join

36、my children, wherever they are. 3. “ Dont shout! If the others hear, theyll make fun of me again. ” 4. Whoever was waiting for them there had command of the situation. (主语从句) 5. The athletes displayed great determination throughout the contest. 答案：1. 我们到书房听点儿音乐吧。2. 我想尽快离开, 回到孩子们中间去, 不管他们在哪儿。3.“你小点声说

37、! 如果他们听见, 他们又要取笑我了。”4. 在那边等候他们的人控制了局势。5. 运动员在比赛中表现出坚韧的意志。. 句型转换1. It is the third time that she has won the race, and that surprised us all. 2. We rarely think of how it all affects the environment and humankind. 3. He was feeling bad. He went to work, however, and tried to concentrate. 4. Wherever

38、she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 5. Are you familiar with the computer software they use? 答案：1.It is the third time that she has won the race, which has surprised us all. 2.Rarely do we think of how it all affects the environment and humankind. 3. He was feeling bad, but he w

39、ent to work and tried to concentrate. 4. No matter where she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 5. Is the computer software they use familiar to you? I.阅读理解Dear Editor Buddy,On my way to work every morning I drive by a farm where I can see some horses off the woods. They are there

40、every morning no matter how cold or rainy or windy it is. There is a shed (牲口棚) on the farm, but it doesnt seem that the horses are ever taken into the shed. Is this right? I dont think horses should be treated (对待) like that.SamDear Sam,Thanks for taking an interest in those horses. The care of hor

41、ses is different from that of cats and dogs. Think of wild horses that spend their whole lives outdoors finding food and shelter (遮蔽) on their own. The point is that horses dont require as much shelter as other farm animals. However, that doesnt mean that they dont need shelter.It is hard to tell fr

42、om your letter whether the situation for those horses is unacceptable. Do you know the people who own the horses well enough to just talk to them? Maybe they will tell you that the horses do go in the shed at night. If direct contact (联系) is not a choice and you can see that the horses situation is

43、poor, then call 911 and report it.If you just cant see enough to prove such a report, call the Oswego County Humane Society at 207-1070 for help from the Large Animal Assistance Project (LAAP). A volunteer from the project will help solve the problem.Speaking of volunteers, since you appear to be a

44、horse lover, why not talk to the LAAP about volunteer opportunities for yourself? The project always needs knowledgeable horse people to help.Buddy1.Sam writes to Editor Buddy in order to_.A.ask how to keep horses outdoorsB.discuss if those horses are badly treatedC.report several wild horses he has

45、 seenD.show his strong interest in keeping horses2.According to Editor Buddy, horses _.A.need less shelter than other farm animalsB.know the changes in the weatherC.like finding food by themselvesD.prefer living indoors3.What does Editor Buddy advise Sam to do first?A.To call 911.B.To turn to the LA

46、AP for help.C.To contact the horses owners directly.D.To call the Oswego County Humane Society.4.In the last paragraph of the second letter, Editor Buddy_.A.advises Sam to change his jobB.encourages Sam to join the LAAPC.praises Sam for his good behaviorD.explains the importance of the LAAP【答案】1.B2.

47、A3.C4.B【分析】是两封信，一封是萨姆写给编辑关于看见马是否被虐待的问题的探讨，第二封是编辑回信给萨姆的一些意见。1.细节理解题。由第一封信中的“There is a shed (牲口棚) on the farm, but it doesnt seem that the horses are ever taken into the shed. Is this right? I dont think horses should be treated (对待) like that.”（农场上有一个马棚，但似乎从来没有把马带进棚里。这对吗？我认为马不应该受到那样的待遇。），可知萨姆认为不让马进马

48、棚是不对的，主要是讨论那些马是否受到虐待的问题。故选B项。2.细节理解题。由第二封信第一段中的“Think of wild horses that spend their whole lives outdoors finding food and shelter (遮蔽) on their own. The point is that horses dont require as much shelter as other farm animals.”（想想那些一辈子都在户外独自寻找食物和庇护所的野马。关键是马不像其他农场动物需要那么多的庇护。），可知据编辑巴迪所说，与其他牲畜相比，马匹需要的

49、庇护更少。故选A项。3.细节理解题。由第二封信第二段中的“Do you know the people who own the horses well enough to just talk to them? Maybe they will tell you that the horses do go in the shed at night. If direct contact (联系) is not a choice and you can see that the horses situation is poor, then call 911 and report it.”（你认识那些养

50、马的人吗？能和他们聊聊天吗？也许他们会告诉你，马在晚上会进马棚。如果不能直接联系，你看到马的情况很差，那么打911报警。），可知编辑巴迪建议萨姆首先直接联系马的主人，不行的状况下，再打911。故选C项。4.细节理解题。由第二封信最后一段“Speaking of volunteers, since you appear to be a horse lover, why not talk to the LAAP about volunteer opportunities for yourself? The project always needs knowledgeable horse peopl

51、e to help.”（说到志愿者，既然你看起来是个爱马的人，为什么不跟LAAP谈谈你自己当志愿者的机会呢？这个项目总是需要懂马的人来帮忙。），可知编辑巴迪鼓励萨姆加入LAAP当志愿者。故选B项。2The biggest and the smallest of the worlds animals are most at risk of dying out, according to a new analysis, with vertebrates (脊椎动物) in the so-called “Goldilocks zone”not too big and not too smallwin

52、ning out. Action is needed to protect animals at both ends of the scale, they say. The research adds to evidence that animals are dying out on such a scale that a sixth extinction is considered under way.One clue is body size. Research on birds and mammals has shown that those with larger bodies are

53、 more likely to go extinct. Yet, when the researchers made a database of thousands of birds, mammals, fish, amphibians (两栖动物) and reptiles (爬行动物) at risk of extinction, they found disproportionate (不成比例的) losses at the large and small ends of the scale. “Surprisingly, we found that not only the larg

54、est of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.Large animals, such as elephants, rhinos (犀牛) and lions have long been the target of protection efforts. However, fish, birds, reptiles and amph

55、ibians that are the giants of their kind, such as the whale shark, Somali ostrich (鸵鸟) and the Chinese giant salamander (蝾螈), tend to be overlooked. Meanwhile, small species at risk-such as frogs and shrews (鼩鼱)-receive very little attention. “I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need

56、to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.In the study, vertebrates with the smallest and the largest bodies were found to be most at risk of disappearing, whether they were on land or living in oceans,

57、 streams or rivers.Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reducing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the worlds vertebrates,” th

58、ey write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.5.What made the researchers feel surprised?A.A sixth of animals are dying out.B.Small animals are in great danger.C.Great losses of birds and mammals.D.Big animals are at risk of disappearing.6.What should we do first for the smallest speci

59、es according to Prof. Ripple?A.Transform our habits.B.Change our concepts.C.Find ways to save small animals.D.Take measures to stop pollution.7.What presents the great threat to vertebrates according to the last paragraph?A.Loss of forests.B.Climate change.C.Human activities.D.Environmental pollutio

60、n.8.What would be the best title for the passage?A.Size Matters When It Comes to Extinction RiskB.Large Animals Are Badly in Need of ProtectionC.Why a Great Number of Animals Are Dying outD.What We Should Do to Protect Endangered Species【答案】5.B6.B7.C8.A【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。一项研究发现，体型最大和最小的动物对比中等体型的动物面临着更大的灭绝

61、风险。大型动物的危险主要来自人类的捕杀，小型动物灭绝的主要原因是污染和森林砍伐。5.细节理解题。根据第三段“Surprisingly, we found that not only the largest of all vertebrate animal species are most threatened, but the very tiniest ones are also highly threatened with extinction,” Prof. Ripple told BBC News.(“令人惊讶的是，我们发现，不仅最大的脊椎动物受到的威胁最大，而且最小的动物也面临着灭绝的

62、高度威胁，”Ripple教授告诉BBC新闻。)”可知，科学家们发现，不仅是大型动物面临着很高的灭绝风险，最小的动物面临灭绝的风险也很高。因此B项正确，故选B项。6.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“I think, for the smallest species, first of all we need to bring higher awareness to them, because the larger ones get a lot of attention, but the smaller ones get very little,” said Prof. Ripple.(“我认为，对于

63、最小的物种来说，首先我们需要提高人们对它们的认识，因为较大的物种会得到很多关注，而较小的物种却很少得到关注，”Ripple教授说。)”可知Ripple教授认为，我们目前首先要做的是从思想上开始重视小动物，因为过去我们只关心大型动物的灭绝问题，因此B项内容“改变我们的观念”正确，故选B 项。7.推理判断题。根据最后一段“Heavyweights are threatened mainly by hunting, while featherweights are losing out to pollution and cutting down forests. “Ultimately, reduc

64、ing global consumption of wild meat is a key step to reduce negative impacts of hunting, fishing, and trapping on the worlds vertebrates,” they write in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.(重量级动物主要受到狩猎的威胁，而羽类动物则因污染和砍伐森林而遭受损失。他们在美国国家科学院院刊(Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences)上写

65、道:“最终，减少全球野生动物的消费量是减少捕猎、捕鱼和圈养对世界脊椎动物负面影响的关键一步。”)”可知目前最关键的是减少对野生动物肉的消耗，减少人们的各类捕杀行为，由此可推断，人类行为对脊椎动物（尤其是大型动物）带来最大的威胁，故选C项。8.主旨大意题。根据第一段“The biggest and the smallest of the worlds animals are most at risk of dying out(世界上最大和最小的动物都面临着灭绝的危险)”综合全文可知，文章主要告诉我们一个事实：那些体型最大的和最小的动物，面临着更高的灭绝风险，A项“动物的体型可能是决定其灭绝的关键

66、因素”符合文章主题，适合作标题。故选A项。II.七选五Concern about extinctionthe permanent loss of a speciesmotivates a wide variety of people to take action to protect animal species at risk of dying out. Animal protection and animal rights are familiar themes associated with the field of environmental activism. Certainly,

67、endangered animals suffer no lack of support.9.Surprisingly, some of the most endangered plants are species that, up until recently, were used by humans as necessary food crops.10.In order to maximize productivity, farmers have chosen to focus on a handful of highyield crops that can be harvested ef

68、ficiently. At one time, the number of plant species used by humans to meet their nutritional requirements numbered above 7，000. Now, it is around 150. Some experts even claim that humans actually rely on just twelve species of plants for most of their food.A single food crop generally contains sever

69、al species, which may be further divided into hundreds of varieties, but these varieties are quickly disappearing. 11.Eighty percent of the corn varieties grown in Mexico in 1930 have disappeared.Ninety percent of the 10，000 wheat varieties cultivated in China 1949 are no longer used.12.Crop diversi

70、ty is a factor that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystemsthe cycling of nutrients, management of pests, and maintenance of water quality. 13.Clearly, there is an urgent need to preserve the plants irreplaceable crop diversity before it is lost completely.A.Yo

71、u probably want to know the exact approach to protecting endangered plants.B.Also, crop diversity provides the necessary gene pool to supply crops with a variety of traits(特点).C.Threatened by current shortsighted farming techniques, crop diversity has shrunk dramatically.D.However, endangered plants

72、 are defended by few.E.Examples of losses in crop diversity have been recorded worldwide.F.The permanent loss of plant species represents a huge threat to humanity.G.Thanks to modern farming techniques, many countries have taken measures to protect them.【答案】9.D10.C11.E12.F13.B【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们非常重视保护濒危

73、动物，实际上世界上有很多植物也濒临灭绝。保持粮食作物的多样性对人类意义重大，文章对此做了具体说明。9.横线前句“Certainly, endangered animals suffer no lack of support.”告诉我们很多濒危动物得到了人类的帮助。第二段开始介绍很多植物也濒临灭绝，但并没有得到人们的保护。D项“However, endangered plants are defended by few”符合上下文语境，所以选择D项。10.横线前一句告诉我们很多濒危的植物直到进来才成为人们的食物来源，但很快就濒临灭绝。本句应该分析具体原因，C项“Threatened by cur

74、rent shortsighted farming techniques, crop diversity has shrunk dramatically”符合上下文语境，所以选择C项。11.横线前句“. these varieties are quickly disappearing.”告诉我们这种粮食作物的多样性很快就消失了。横线后一句介绍了1930年墨西哥百分之80的玉米物种已经消失了。E项“Examples of losses in crop diversity have been recorded worldwide.”指人们已经记录了粮食作物的多样性很快就消失的例子。E项符合语境，所

75、以选择E项。12.横线后句“Crop diversity is a factor that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystems”告诉我们粮食多样性能够保证生态系统中某些自然过程的延续，如果某些植物消失了，对人类来说也是一个威胁。F项“The permanent loss of plant species represents a huge threat to humanity.”符合上下文语境，所以选择F项。13.横线前句“Crop diversity is a facto

76、r that ensures the continuation of certain beneficial natural processes in ecosystems”告诉我们粮食多样性能够保证生态系统中某些自然过程的延续，对人类有很大的好处。B项“Also, crop diversity provides the necessary gene pool to supply crops with a variety of traits.”解释了粮食多样性的重要性，与上下文一致，所以选择B项。III.完形填空Nougat and Clarence became best friends al

77、most as soon as Nougat moved into the retirement home. Nougat likes to rest his head on the back of Clarence as often as he gets the 15 . The dogs live at Vintage Pet Rescue, a non-profit organization that 16 elder animals from local shelters (收容所) that are 17 to find a new home. The organization ai

78、ms to give dogs a comfortable, loving environment at the 18 of their lives.Kristen Peralta, the founder of Vintage Pet Rescue, takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs. While she and her husband have unofficially been 19 older dogs for some time, Peralta turned her passion into a full-time job in 2017.In

79、 some ways, elder dogs may be less 20 to care for because they prefer sitting still than little ones. But their futures arent always so 21 . There are many organizations, like Peraltas, 22 on rescuing elderly pets and giving them protection outside of animal shelters, in part because senior dogs in

80、shelters have a(n) 23 rate of just 25 percent, while younger dogs have a 60 percent rate.A life spent 24 two dozen older dogs can be very busy. Peralta 25 vet appointments at least once a week, gives out individual medications and does a lot of bathing and petting. But the work is rewarding, and she

81、 thinks its helping to show more and more people are beginning to 26 just how special senior dogs are. “You can just tell how much they 27 it when theyre helped in trouble,” Peralta said. “Theyre 28 that theyre with you and you love them. Its so special to know that you saved a dogs life and that yo

82、ure going to make a 29 to the rest of its life.”15.A.ideaB.mercyC.chanceD.point16.A.takes inB.takes alongC.takes offD.takes over17.A.committedB.unlikelyC.luckyD.familiar18.A.beginningB.bottomC.edgeD.end19.A.surroundingB.rescuingC.invitingD.contributing20.A.efficientB.riskyC.difficultD.valuable21.A.r

83、eliableB.negativeC.differentD.bright22.A.succeedingB.insistingC.resultingD.specializing23.A.deathB.adaptationC.survivalD.crime24.A.looking afterB.bringing inC.relying onD.toying with25.A.adjustsB.impressesC.schedulesD.indicates26.A.adoptB.agreeC.exploreD.realize27.A.appreciateB.consumeC.comfortD.sup

84、port28.A.hopefulB.surprisedC.sorrowfulD.doubtful29.A.decisionB.livingC.fortuneD.difference【答案】15.C16.A17.B18.D19.B20.C21.D22.B23.C24.A25.C26.D27.A28.A29.D【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“Vintage Pet Rescue”的非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物，目的是在狗生命的最后一刻，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。并介绍了创始人Kristen Peralta对于照顾老年狗这一行为的一些看法。15.考查名

85、词词义辨析。句意：Nougat喜欢一有机会就把头靠在Clarence的背上。A. idea想法；B. mercy仁慈；C. chance机会；D. point关键点。上文提到Nougat和Clarence是好朋友，所以Nougat喜欢一有机会就把头靠在Clarence的背上。get the chance“得到机会”。故选C。16.考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些狗住在Vintage Pet Rescue，这是一个非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物。A. takes in接收，理解；B. takes along随身携带；C. takes off起飞；D. takes ove

86、r接管。根据后文“elder animals from local shelters”可知Vintage Pet Rescue从当地的收容所接收老年动物。故选A。17.考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些狗住在Vintage Pet Rescue，这是一个非盈利组织，从当地的收容所接收那些不太可能找到新家的老年动物。A. committed坚定的；B. unlikely不太可能的；C. lucky幸运的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“to find a new home”结合常识可知老年动物因为年龄大了，不太可能找到新家。故选B。18.考查名词词义辨析。句意：该组织的目的是在狗生命的最后一刻

87、，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。A. beginning开始；B. bottom底部；C. edge边缘；D. end结束。上文提到接收的都是老年动物，即在这些老年动物生命的最后一刻，给它们一个舒适、充满爱的环境。at the end of“在结束时”。故选D。19.考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然佩拉尔塔和丈夫非正式地救助老年狗已有一段时间了，但在2017年，佩拉尔塔把这份热情变成了一份全职工作。A. surrounding围绕；B. rescuing救助；C. inviting邀请；D. contributing贡献。根据上文“takes care of 27 mostly senior do

88、gs”可知佩拉尔塔和丈夫都在救助老年狗。后文“rescuing elderly pets”也是提示。故选B。20.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在某些方面，比起年幼的狗，老年狗可能比较容易照顾，因为它们喜欢坐着不动。A. efficient有效率的；B. risky冒险的；C. difficult困难的；D. valuable有价值的。根据后文“because they prefer sitting still”可知照顾老年狗不会那么困难。故选C。21.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他们的未来并不总是那么光明。A. reliable可靠的；B. negative消极的；C. different不同的

89、；D. bright明亮的。上文中their指的是老年狗，老年狗因为快要走到生命的尽头，所以他们的未来并不总是那么光明。故选D。22.考查动词词义辨析。句意：像佩拉尔塔这样的许多组织坚持救助老年宠物，并在动物收容所之外给予它们保护，部分原因是收容所中的老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。A. succeeding成功；B. insisting坚持；C. resulting导致；D. specializing使专门化。根据后文“on rescuing elderly pets”可知此处为短语insist on表示“许多组织坚持救助老年狗”。故选B。23.考查名词词义辨析。句意：像佩

90、拉尔塔这样的许多组织坚持救助老年宠物，并在动物收容所之外给予它们保护，部分原因是收容所中的老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。A. death死亡；B. adaptation改编；C. survival存活，幸存；D. crime犯罪。根据后文“rate of just 25 percent, while younger dogs have a 60 percent rate”可知此处是在说明收容所中，老年狗存活率只有25%，而年轻的狗存活率为60%。故选C。24.考查动词短语辨析。句意：照顾20多只老年狗的生活可能会非常忙碌。A. looking after照顾；B. brin

91、ging in引进；C. relying on依赖；D. toying with玩弄。根据第二段中“Kristen Peralta, the founder of Vintage Pet Rescue, takes care of 27 mostly senior dogs.”可知此处指照顾老年狗。故选A。25.考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩拉尔塔每周至少安排一次兽医预约，给狗分发药物，并进行的沐浴和爱抚。A. adjusts调整；B. impresses使印象深刻；C. schedules安排；D. indicates表明。根据后文“vet appointments”可知此处指佩拉尔塔每周给老年

92、狗们至少安排一次兽医预约。故选C。26.考查动词词义辨析。句意：但这项工作是有意义的，她认为这有助于表明，越来越多的人开始意识到老年狗是多么的特别。A. adopt采取；B. agree同意；C. explore探索；D. realize意识到。结合后文“just how special senior dogs are”可知越来越多的人开始意识到老年狗是多么的特别。故选D。27.考查动词词义辨析。句意：佩拉尔塔说：“你可以看得出，当他们遇到困难时得到帮助时，他们是多么感激。”A. appreciate感激；B. consume消耗；C. comfort安慰；D. support支持。上文the

93、y指的是老年狗，他们遇到困难时得到了帮助，会非常感激。故选A。28.考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们希望和你在一起，你爱他们。A. hopeful有希望的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. sorrowful悲伤的；D. doubtful怀疑的。根据后文“theyre with you and you love them”可知老年狗希望能和帮助自己的人在一起，故选A。29.考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道你救了一只狗的命，而且你将对它的余生产生影响，这真是太特别了。A. decision决定；B. living生计；C. fortune财富；D. difference差异。结合前后文语境“you

94、re going to make a to the rest of its life”可知此处表示“有影响”短语为make a difference。故选D。IV.应用文写作 英语课上，老师要求就 “Protecting wild animals” 进行分组讨论，请你写一篇小组发言稿，内容包括：1. 保护野生动物的必要性；2. 保护措施；3. 发出呼吁。注意：1. 词数100左右；2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。_【答案】Good morning,everyone.Wild animals are close friends of human beings. Their existenc

95、e makes the whole world lively and colorful. We should protect wild animals because a lot of wild animals will become extinct. So it is high time that active and effective measures should be taken.As students, we can let more people know the importance of protecting wild animals and expose the illeg

96、al killing of wild animals. We make an appeal to the public that more people study and publicize the information about wild animals and keep it in mind that protecting animals is the duty of everyone. After all, protecting animals is protecting ourselves.【分析】本篇书面表达是一篇发言稿。英语课上，老师要求学生们就“Protecting wil

97、d animals”进行分组讨论，请你写一篇小组发言稿。【详解】这是一篇提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来。动笔前，一定要认真分析要点，不能遗漏要点：1. 保护野生动物的必要性；2. 保护措施；3. 发出呼吁。写作时注意准确运用时态，本文主要使用一般现在时。注意上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。根据写作要点我们可以初步确定文章可能使用到的词汇和短语及句子有：Wild animals are close friends of human beings. make the whole world liv

98、ely and colorful. protect wild animals，become extinct，active and effective measures should be taken，let more people know the importance of protecting wild animals，expose the illegal killing of wild animals，appeal to the public，more people study and publicize the information about wild animals，keep i

99、t in mind，protecting animals is the duty of everyone. Protecting animals is protecting ourselves.可以使用的衔接词：1.表示选择关系或对等关系的连接词：eitheror，neithernor，or，as well as，bothand。2.表示因果关系的连接词：therefore，so，as a result，as a result of ，because of，due to，owing to，thanks to等。3.表示时间顺序的连接词：then，later，meanwhile，in the b

100、eginning，in the end，before long，as soon as，at first，for the first(second)time，the minute，the moment等。4.表示转折对比关系的连接词：yet，but，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，however等。5.表示解释说明的连接词：that is，that is to say，in other words，such as，for instance，and so on等。6.表示递进关系的连接词：not onlybut (also)，whats more，w

101、hats worse，besides，in addition，worse still，moreover等。7.表示总结的连接词：in a word，on the whole，in short，briefly，in brief，to sum up，in all等。【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了主从复合句：We should protect wild animals because a lot of wild animals will become extinct. 这句话运用了because引导的原因状语从句；We

102、make an appeal to the public that more people study and publicize the information about wild animals and keep it in mind that protecting animals is the duty of everyone. 这句话运用了that引导的同位语从句。使用了一些固定词组，如：make an appeal to sb，keep in mind。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。V.概要写作

103、阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Bees are important to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate (授粉)large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappear

104、ing at an alarming rate.In 2010, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive(蜂巢). In October of 2010, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.There we

105、re many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeepers get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now co

106、nsists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up

107、 on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion

108、a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect._【答案】Bees, playing a sig

109、nificant part in producing our food, are now suffering a sharp decline in number. (要点1)And reports of the loss started in 2010, for which the most persuasive theory lies in the stressful lifestyle of being transported to pollinate plants and feeding on polluted corns.(要点2) Sadly, the loss of such tiny creatures will be disastrous to our economy. (要点3)(60 words)【分析】这是一篇概要写作。文章主要讲述了蜜蜂了数量减少的原因，及给经济带来的影响。【详解】通读全文，可从以下三个方面进行总结：对植物授粉至关重要的蜜蜂的数量正在减少；蜜蜂数量减少的两个重要原因：被四处运送进行授粉，以生产跟多的蜂蜜，给蜜蜂造成了压力，另外赖以生存的食物被杀虫剂污染；蜜蜂数量的减少会对经济带来巨大影响。