Unit 4 Section B Learning About Language-2020-2021学年高二英语同步课堂帮帮帮（人教版2019选择性必修第三册）.docx

1、UNIT 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE4.2 Learning About Language现在完成进行时一、现在完成进行时的构成(1)肯定句: Subject + have/has + been + present participle (2)否定句: Subject + have/has + not + been + present participle (3)疑问句: Have/Has +subject + been + present participle? Wh-words + have/has + subject + been + present particip

2、le? 二、现在完成进行时的用法1. 表示过去发生并持续到现在的动作现在完成进行时表示现在以前这一段时间里一直在进行的一个动作, 这个动作可能仍在进行: *How long have you been living here? 你住在这里多久了? (还在这里住着)*How many places have you been travelling to? 你去过多少地方了? (还在旅行中)*What have you been doing this morning? Ive been studying in the classroom. 你一早上都在干什么? 我一直在教室里学习。(还在学习或刚结

3、束)2. 表示现在经常性的重复*Smith has been phoning Jane every night for the last week. 上星期史密斯天天晚上给简打电话。*Weve been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 最近我们常常见面。3. 用于得出结论现在完成进行时可以表示根据直接或间接的证据而得出结论: *His eyes are red. He has been working too hard recently. 他眼睛红了, 准是最近工作太紧张了。三、现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别现在完成进行时强调动作在某一时

4、刻内一直在进行。到目前为止, 该动作可能刚刚结束, 也可能还在继续进行。句中常有“all + 表示时间的词语”, 如all day(一整天), all morning(一上午); for(有多久)和since(自以来)等。现在完成时表示已结束了的动作。注意: 有些动词如learn, lie(躺), live, rain, sleep, study, wait, work等本身就有持续性, 其现在完成进行时和现在完成时可以互换, 但前者更强调动作的持续性: *Ive been doing my homework. 我一直在做作业。(还在做)*Ive finished my homework. 我

5、已做完作业了。(已完成)*Weve been talking to him all morning. 我们今天一上午都在同他谈话。(可能还在谈)*Weve talked to him this morning. 我们今天上午同他谈过话。 (已谈完)在口语中, 对于lie, sit, stay, wait等动词, 用现在完成进行时更为习惯: *He has been sitting there studying all evening. 他整个晚上都坐在那儿学习。*Ive been waiting for you since morning. 我从上午一直在等你。*Weve been stayi

6、ng in a hotel since we came here. 自从到这里以后, 我们一直住在旅馆。I.用正确的时态完成句子。(1)I in Hawaii for ten years. 我在夏威夷已经生活了十年。(2)The old man cars for thirty years. 老人修车修了三十年了。(3)I it over. 我一直在考虑这件事。(4)Julia a hot girl in the library lately. 茱莉亚最近老在图书馆遇到一个辣妹。(5)I more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told yo

7、u Id come back and get my degree. ”30多年来, 我一直等着说这句话: “老爸, 我一直跟你说, 我会回来拿到学位的”。(6)I e-mails this morning. 我今天上午一直在发电子邮件。II. 用现在完成进行时改写下列句子1. They began to contribute to our magazine many years ago. 2. She began to write the letter from four oclock in the afternoon. 3. We often saw each other recently.

8、 4. Where have you been? We looked for you everywhere. 5. We began to expect the news some time ago. 6. She suffered a bad cold before taking the exam. 7. Rafael did nothing wrong, but was scolded. 答案：I.(1)I have been living in Hawaii for ten years. (2)The old man has been repairing cars for thirty

9、years. (3)I have been thinking it over. (4)Julia has been meeting a hot girl in the library lately. (5)I have been waiting more than 30 years to say this: “Dad, I always told you Id come back and get my degree. ”(6)I have been sending e-mails this morning. II. 1. All these years they have been contr

10、ibuting articles to our magazine. 2. She has been writing the letter since four oclock in the afternoon. 3. We have been seeing quite a lot of each other recently. 4. Where have you been? We have been looking for you everywhere. 5.We had been expecting the news for some time. 6.She had been sufferin

11、g from a bad cold when she took the exam. 7. Rafael was scolded even though he hadnt been doing anything wrong. . 阅读理解AIn 2007, Jamie Whitmore was considered as one of the most successful athletes in America. However, everything changed during a competition that seemed like many others she had conqu

12、ered. As a professional athlete, Whitmore was used to suffering, but she never imagined the pain in her leg could be a deadly cancer. What doctors found during surgery shocked them all: Whitmore had Spindle Cell Sarcoma, a soft tissue tumor (肿瘤) that can start in the bone, and the tumor was wrapped

13、around her nerve and touching several vital organs. They couldnt cut it out fearing to burst the tumor. When she heard the diagnosis for the first time, Whitmore said, “Time stood still, I couldnt breathe. They were talking about the treatment and I started crying as I didnt want to die. ” Finally,

14、the doctors enlisted the help of several specialists to remove the tumor. Whitmore developed sepsis (败血症) from the surgery and endured a two-month recovery. When she began to feel sick again, Whitmore was sure her cancer was back. Instead, doctors gave her unexpected news: She was pregnant with twin

15、s. “That was a whole other freak-out, ” Whitmore recalled. She has never met a challenge she couldnt overcome. Today, Whitmore is a mother of two sons and cancer-free. She is competing again, and has won a gold medal in the Paralympics (残奥会), nine world titles, and has set two world records. She tra

16、vels as a motivational speaker when she doesnt spend time with her sons. Whitmore has some words of advice for others with limitations: “Never let anyone tell you what you can and cannot do. Some doctors told me I would never ride anything. And yet I rode my mountain bike 104 miles climbing from 9,

17、000 feet to 14, 000 feet. People with two good legs have fallen short of that task! You just cant give up. ”1. How did Whitmore feel when knowing about her cancer? A. Sad and scared. B. Ashamed and regretful. C. Annoyed and frightened. D. Astonished and inspired. 2. What does the underlined word “fr

18、eak-out” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A. Something interesting. B. Something demanding. C. Something unusual. D. Something meaningful. 3. Whats the purpose of Whitmores traveling as a speaker? A. To build up her character. B. To inspire those with limitations. C. To spend more time with her children. D.

19、 To earn more money in her spare time. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Jamie Whitmore被认为是美国最成功的运动员之一。她曾患有致命的癌症, 但她凭借强大的意志力战胜了病魔, 后来Whitmore担任演讲者去激励那些身体有局限性的人不管面对什么样的处境都不能放弃。1. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第四段中的When she heard the diagnosis for the first time, Whitmore said, “Time stood still, I couldnt breathe. . . I star

20、ted crying as I didnt want to die. ”可知, Whitmore第一次听到诊断时说: “时间停滞不前了, 我无法呼吸我不想死, 我开始哭泣。”由此可知, 在得知自己患癌时, 她感到悲伤和恐惧。故选A。2. 【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第四段中的When she began to feel sick again, Whitmore was sure her cancer was back. Instead, doctors gave her unexpected news: She was pregnant with twins. 可知, 当Whitmore再次

21、感到不适时, 她确定自己的癌症又复发了。而医生给了她一个出乎意料的消息: 她怀了双胞胎。即这是Whitmore没有想到的, 可猜测出freak-out指的是“不寻常的事情”。故选C。3. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的She travels as a motivational speaker when she doesnt spend time with her sons. Whitmore has some words of advice for others with limitations可知, 当她不陪儿子时, 她以激励人心的演讲者身份去旅行。Whitmore对有局限性的人

22、提出了一些建议。即Whitmore担任演讲者的目的是激励那些身体有局限性的人。故选B。BWhen young, I loved going on trail(小路) runs. It was my favorite way to escape stress. So, when I was back in my hometown after a tough first year of my Ph. D. program, I thought a trail run was just what I needed. But instead of helping me relax, the run d

23、id just the opposite. After I moved to the city for college, where my runs were on flat concrete paths instead of winding dirt trails, I used a GPS watch. When I went on trail runs again in the country, it constantly reminded me of the fact that I wasnt keeping up with my usual pace. I turned my wat

24、ch off, thinking that would allow me to enjoy my surroundings and find the peace I expected, but I worried I was under performing. “Why cant I let go and just enjoy myself? ” I wondered. But after some introspection(反省), I realized why I was strugglingboth on trail runs and in graduate school. Going

25、 into my Ph. D. , I had thought that my solid undergraduate track record would set me up for instant success. To my surprise, I was wrong. I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. Other students self-confi

26、dence and their excellent results made me feel insecure. Finally, one day I broke down in tears in my adviser s office. Then came my visit home: I was having trouble because I hadnt properly adjusted my expectations to the differences between an urban run and a trail run. A Ph. D. is like a trail ru

27、n: Sometimes you can run fast. Sometimes you might find yourself climbing up a steep, winding trail at a snails pace. And thats OK. Barriers are unavoidable, and success looks and feels different on a challenging trail than it does on a smooth, flat path. Sometimes its best to take a deep breath and

28、 do your best to meet the challenge. 4. How did the author feel when he was on trail runs again? A. Relaxed. B. Tired. C. Anxious. D. Happy. 5. What resulted in the authors poor performance in Ph. D. ? A. His lack of confidence. B. His lack of hard work. C. His poor research abilities. D. His poor t

29、rack record. 6. What does the author want to show in the last paragraph? A. His desire for success. B. His confidence of trail runs. C. His expectations in his study. D. His realization after the trail run. 7. What does the author want to tell us? A. Failure is the mother of success. B. Working out

30、regularly is beneficial. C. Its important to make necessary adjustments. D. Its vital to turn to others for help. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者在城市水泥路上和在乡村小路上跑步时的不同感受, 反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因, 告诉读者要学会根据情况来调整自己的预期, 去收获成功与满足。4. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段的“but I worried I was under performing”可知, 在乡村小路上跑步没能让作者放松, 相反却

31、感到焦虑, 故选C。5. 【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据第三段中“I lacked confidence in my research abilities which I thought stopped me performing well and I constantly felt my progress was too slow. ”可知, 作者在学业方面差是由于自己对自己的研究能力缺乏自信, 故选A。6. 【解析】选D。推理判断题。上文中作者对比了在城市水泥路上跑步和在乡村小路上跑步的不同, 因此在文章末段作者表达了自己在经历这件事后的领悟, 故选D。7. 【解析】选C。推理判断题。作者

32、在文章中主要通过自己跑步时不同感受的对比, 反省了自己在博士课程方面不如意的原因, 告诉读者要学会根据不同的情况来调整自己的预期, 故选C。. 七选五Every student has his/her own style of studying and its up to you to use the available resources to be as effective and productive as possible. Here are some tips on how to study effectively. Know yourself. When determining t

33、he best approach, you need to assess your personality. Some people can read for hours while others cant sit still through more than one chapter. Find your pace, improve it and work around your strengths and weaknesses. 1If you prefer being alone, learn to study by yourself. Set a goal. 2Itll not onl

34、y help you keep focused and stay on track, but itll also help you organize your time and activities. Learn over time. Its impossible to learn a lot of things in a short time. If you dont know or understand the lesson from the start, you wont get it the night before your big test. 34Allocate(分配) your

35、 time between studying and other activities. Create a routine schedule for your studying time. Strictly follow this schedule so as to develop an effective studying session. Have time to rest. Its necessary to have enough time to rest in order to regain all the energy used up by the body from all the

36、 studying. 5Communicate with other people and participate in recreational activities to help you relax and refresh your mind. Following the tips above, you can easily have your way of studying effectively! A. Have good study habits. B. Set a realistic and reasonable schedule. C. Try to discover the

37、type of reading that best suits you. D. Your mind wont be so sharp if you dont have enough sleep. E. You need to determine what you want to achieve in a given subject. F. If you need other people to help you, get a tutor(导师) or join a study group. G. Its best to study smaller loads of information re

38、peatedly over a period of time. 答案与解析：【语篇概述】本文为一篇说明文。介绍了一些关于如何有效学习的建议。1. 【解析】选F。后文“如果你喜欢独处, 就学会自学。”F项“如果你需要其他人帮助你, 找一个导师或加入一个学习小组。”与后文有明显的对比含义, 但均为描述围绕自己的个性确定最佳方法。故选F项。2. 【解析】选E。结合前文“设定一个目标”, E项“你需要确定你想在一个给定的科目上取得什么成绩。”与前文的“goal”相对应, 具体解释设定的目标。故选E项。3. 【解析】选G。前文提到“在短时间内学很多东西是不可能的。”G项“最好在一段时间内反复研究较少量的信息。”为前文的结论, 既然短时间不可能学很多东西, 因此最好在一段时间内反复研究较少量的信息。故选G项。4. 【解析】选B。后文提到“为你的学习时间制订一个例行时间表。严格按照这个时间表进行, 以便形成一个有效的学习周期。”B项“制订一个现实合理的时间表。”总结本段的内容, 与后文“schedule”对应。故选B项。5. 【解析】选D。前文提到需要“有时间休息。” D项“如果你没有足够的睡眠, 你的头脑就不会那么敏锐。”“rest”与“sleep”对应, 阐述没有足够时间休息的后果。故选D项。