专题05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 必修第一册 -2022-2023学年高一英语单元话题写作整理与新高考之衔接（人教版2019).docx

1、 Unit 4 Natural Disasters序号内容Part1话题综述和感知Part2相关话题阅读练Part3话题写作常用词汇和结构Part4话题写作练（应用文、读后续写）Part1话题综述和感知话题综述本单元以自然灾害为话题，探讨在“人与自然”的主题之下，当人类面临自然灾害的威胁 时，应该树立防灾意识，不断研究和认识自然灾害，提高在灾害中逃生和生存的能力。人类在重大自然灾害面前不屈不挠，相互援助，坚定信心，重建家园。考察多以阅读和写作的形式体现。从写作方面而言，主要体现对灾害的预防及“灾害无情， 人有情”的主题意义。话题感知读（读一读）What to Do During an Eart

2、hquake?As we all know, an earthquake is a kind of terrible disaster. So what should we do when an earthquake comes? When an earthquake starts, students in the classroom should get under the desks immediately and wait until the teacher tells them it is safe to come out. However, for those who are at

3、home, get immediately under the table in the living room or kitchen. Dont go anywhere near the window and dont go out onto the balcony. If you are in the street when an earthquake happens, dont stand near buildings, fences or walls. Move quickly to a large open place to wait. Remember that standing

4、under trees could also be dangerous.话题感知练（填一填）Sandstorms are strong, dry winds that carry sand. They are often 1 thick that you cannot see the sun and the wind sometimes has such 2 (strong) to move sand dunes. A typical example of sandstorms is the Dust Bowl of the 1930s in the United States. It was

5、 the 3 (bad) sandstorm disaster in the history of the United States. For nearly ten years dust blew on the southern plains of America, 4 caused serious results. People couldnt breathe when they went outside and 5 (child) wore dust masks to school. The sky 6 (be) often dark for days. Over five millio

6、n acres of land became desert during the Dust Bowl, 7 (force) 200,000 people to leave their homes.The disaster 8 (cause) by bad farming methods and several years 9 very little rainfall made things worse. The land dried up and the wind blew the soil away. 10 took over thirty years to reverse the proc

7、ess and replant the land.【答案】1. so 2.strength 3.worst 4.which 5.children 6.was 7.forcing 8.was caused 9.with。10.itPart2相关话题阅读练 Passage1阅读理解There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cau

8、se even more disasters in the future. Some of the worlds leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves.LondonLondons flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030

9、and close once every two or three years. About 26 years later, the barrier now closes five or six times a year and according to Environment Agency predictions, by 2050 the barrier will be closed on almost every tide if the problem is not addressed.There are 26 underground stations, 400 schools, 16 h

10、ospitals, an airport and 80 billion worth of property in Londons flood risk area, so large scale flooding would be disastrous.ParisOver a six-week period in July and August 2003, more than 11, 400mainly elderly peopledied in France from dehydration (脱水) and extremely high body temperature in a deadl

11、y heat wave. Heat waves of similar intensity (强度) are expected every seven years by 2050, so what can be done to make sure such a disaster does not happen again?One solution is to have air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes. But this is considered a short-term solution, as the increase in

12、demand for electricity also increases carbon emissions (排放).In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner.ShanghaiShanghai is one of the fastest growi

13、ng cities on Earth. It has a population of 18 million and is only 4 meters above sea level. Sea levels are predicted to rise by 20 cm within the next century.An estimated 250，000 people move to Shanghai every year in search of work, placing extra demands on energy consumption. China relies heavily o

14、n coal-fired power stations, but these emissions increase temperatures and, in turn, warmer seas increase the risk of typhoons.1What problem should be settled now in London?AHow to protect the citys property.BWhere to build its flood defences.CHow to improve the function of the old flood defences.DH

15、ow to use the Thames Barrier to protect the city.2Which of the following measures CANT solve the heat wave disaster in Paris?APutting up new types of buildings with a covering of bamboo.BHaving air-conditioners installed in elderly care homes.CEncouraging architects to design new types of buildingsD

16、Forbidding the city to build “Flower Tower”.3The purpose of the passage is _.Ato tell us how to protect the big citiesBto warn us of the increasing natural disasters in big citiesCto explain what causes flood and heat wavesDto give advice on how to defend natural disastersPassage2阅读理解Its terrible an

17、d strange, but I dont really remember much about the hurricane itself. It all happened so suddenly. I was sitting in my room with my cat, Smartie, on my lap, when the roof just flew off. I was so frightened that I just froze.Mom cried to get out quickly, but it was already too late by then. The rain

18、 was coming down so hard and so fast. Our street turned into a river in seconds. We were going nowhere.At first, I was pleased we could stay at home, but soon it got really tough. Without a roof, staying inside was too dangerous. We just had drinking water that was sent to us by helicopter, but it w

19、as never enough. It was August, so it was really, really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! 1 just spent the days watching the boats going up and down the street and looking out for Smartie. He had disappeared the moment the storm hit.Living in the open air, we became breakfast, lunch and dinner

20、for the mosquitoes_But Mom said that whatever happens, we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive, though. All we had left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us, we were all together and safe. Moms words made us feel better. I reme

21、mber us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights, we could see the Big Dipper, and the Milky Way. It was amazing! Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.Although it was only a few days before we were rescued, it felt lik

22、e months. We were taken to another town in a faraway county. Thankfully, Smartie came home just in time. None of us knew that we wouldnt be back for quite a while then.Now, one year has passed and Im back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back. Although

23、 we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our lives. Now we have another chance to look up at the stars of New Orleans, their beauty inspiring us and giving us confidence to move on.4When did this hurricane hit the authors hometown?AIn Septembe

24、r.BIn August.CIn July.DIn Summer.5What does the underlined sentence “we became breakfast, lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes” mean?AWe ate mosquitoes as our meals.BThere were too many mosquitoes.CWe were tired of those mosquitoes.DWe were bitten by mosquitoes constantly.6What can we learn about tho

25、se families in that area?ASome families still didnt return home.BMost families came back home.CFew families returned home.DOnly we came back home.7Who played the most important role in surviving this disaster?AThe author himself.BThe authors mum.CSmartie.DAll the people stuck in the disasterPassage3

26、阅读理解Floods can strike quickly and with little waning in many parts of the world. Surviving a flood is a matter of preparation and correct action as soon as the disaster begins. _8_.Make a flood survival plan._9_. Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, such as a friends home in a

27、safe town or a shelter in your area. Make sure everyone in the family know where these locations are and how to get there. Make sure the shelters and the routes to them are through high ground.Escape flood waters.You may have only a short time to escape. Act quickly, using your planned route. Head t

28、o the chosen shelters during flood warnings. When emergency services tell you to leave, follow their advice. Move to higher ground away from water. Whether you are on foot or have to give up your car, higher ground is your best option. If youre stuck at home, head for the roof if you can do so safel

29、y.Avoid crossing through water. Water up to your ankles (脚踝) is enough to be dangerous. When youre not sure of the water depth, dont risk it. _10_. Use it to measure the waters depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.Follow news and warnings.Flooding information can be found on your local news or wea

30、ther stations TV channel or website. _11_. Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates._12_.Roads and other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wa

31、it for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.AWatch out for damaged areasBProtect your home during a floodCIf you have to go through water, bring a stickDSit down with your family to establish a plan of actionEIf your car gets stuck in water, open or break the windowsFHere are some tips t

32、o help you and your family survive a floodGYou should receive weather information to monitor changes in the weatherPassage4完形填空The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods. The group _13_ volunteering during Hurricane Katrina. During that stor

33、m alone, they _14_ more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops! Since then, they have saved more _15_ around the US! The Cajun Navy has gone to save during many of the worst _16_ that hit the US, such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence.Using their _17_, they always go into places

34、 where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters. They bring their small boats and great skills to find those who are _18_ and then they _19_ them to safety. How strong and _20_ they are in struggling with floodwaters!Many of the volunteers are fishermen and _21_ boat pilots. They, who come from

35、 the southeast United States, are expert in _22_ through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways. The skills they have help them find the way around _23_ floodwaters.A reporter _24_ his feelings and meanwhile _25_ them after the Cajun Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana. “T

36、he _26_ were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no _27_ medals awarded to them for acts of bravery. It was a(n) _28_ heart, not a commanding officer, that called them into risky _29_ to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground,” he said.The Cajun Navy is a gre

37、at example of character in action. They do also _30_ others. And more and more volunteers join the group. They often put themselves in danger to _31_ others. And they do not do it for money or attention, but _32_ because they can help and they want to help.13AimprovedBstartedCdelayedDsurvived14Amiss

38、edBmetCrescuedDstruck15AofficersBmoneyCfoodDlives16AraindropsBwindstormsCsandstormsDrainfalls17AboatsBtrucksCbikesDcars18Ain dangerBin placeCout of workDout of order19AforceBinviteCtransportDpersuade20AsecureBbraveCmodestDstraightforward21AhonestBtrappedCskilledDgreedy22AsailingBlookingCflyingDdrivi

39、ng23ApeacefulBmixedClimitedDpowerful24AconveyedBdiscoveredCvaluedDignored25AtaughtBpraisedCbeatDasked26Apassers-byBwitnessesCvictimsDheroes27AmilitaryBathleticCecologicalDeconomic28AweakBicyCthoughtlessDselfless29AcompaniesBfundsCcurrentsDflights30AacknowledgeBinspireCadoptDinvestigate31AabandonBcon

40、sultCassistDguide32AcruellyBdelicatelyChardlyDmerelyPart3话题写作常用句型常用句型1. survive an earthquake2. how to signal for help if you are trapped. 3. As we know, typhoon is one natural disaster that often results in heavy losses to peoples life and property. 4. It is vital for us to learn how to protect our

41、selves from its damage. 5. Preparedness is very important. 6. Before the coming of typhoon, we should pay close attention to the reports about it and take measures in advance. 7. People living in the low-lying areas should leave there to protect themselves from the flood. 8. When typhoon comes, we h

42、ad better stay indoors and close all the doors and windows.9. I hope we can be less affected by typhoon in the future.10. To arouse our students awareness of self-protection, we will hold a speech competition on the theme of “Earthquake Safety Guidelines” on .11. Were so sorry to hear that a severe

43、Typhoon In-fa hit your hometown, leaving your house in ruins. 12. On behalf of our class, Im writing to express our most sincere pity and care for you. 13. Thinking about your present situation, we cannot wait to make every bit of our effort to help you. 14. Therefore, we make a donation of some mon

44、ey, expecting that it can help you go through the difficulty. 15. We are convinced that with the help of so many kind people, a better house can be rebuilt. Part4话题写作练（应用文、读后续写）应用文练Passage1假定你是李华，在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate 了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件，内容包括：1. 飓风来临前应该怎么做；2. 飓风来临时应该怎么做；不应该做什么

45、。注意：词数为 80 左右。Dear Kate,Im wring to _YoursLi HuaPassage2假如你是李华，你们学校英文报近期在“世界灾难日”举办如何在灾难中保护自己和逃难的征文比赛，你被选拔代表班级参加，刚好你观看了海啸的视频，所以你决定参考以上的视频文本给读者们写一篇建议信，内容如下：1. 写信目的;2. 海啸的形成和危害;3. 就防御和逃生提建议;4. 希望和祝福。注意：词数120左右。_读后续写练Passage3阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写词数应为150左右。A serious earthquake can be a

46、terrible experience, and it is easy to forget safety measures in disorder. Fortunately, most earthquake safety measures are common sense, but if you forget everything else, remember the following instructions: drop, cover, and hold on. Also, the most of earthquake deaths happen after the earthquake,

47、 so remember that the danger does not end when the shaking does! And it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Practise for an earthquake. You should do earthquake practice and teach your children about earthquake safety. Everyone in the family should do

48、some earthquake practice often. Its very important.Be always ready before an earthquake. Its necessary to prepare yourself and your family. All family members should know how to turn off gas, water and electricity and know useful telephone numbers (120, 110, 119, etc.)There is a strong chance of sho

49、rt circuits and fire breakouts during an earthquake. If you are cooking when an earthquake happens, make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.If you stay indoors during an earthquake, move away from unsupported areas: windows, large mirrors and so o

50、n. The purpose is to protect yourself from falling objects. Try to get under a doorway or another area of the building which is held up by strong beams. Stay under a table or desk only if it is very strong. Do not rush to lifts, because it is far safer to stay where you are.Research has shown that m

51、ost injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out. Cover your head with your arms around it and curl into a ball, and wait for the shaking to stop.Para 1. If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as open as possible. Para 2.After an earthquake, many buildings ar

52、e less strong, although they appear safe. 注意：1. 所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右；2. 至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；3. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；4. 续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。参考答案Part2相关话题阅读练1C2D3B【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界上正面临洪水和热浪等灾害的3个城市。1推理判断题。由London下中的“Londons flood defences are getting older. Since 1982, the Thames Barrier (水闸) has

53、protected the city from the threat of flooding, but it was only designed to last until 2030 and close once every two or three years. (伦敦的防洪堤正在老化。自1982年以来，泰晤士河水闸保护了该市免受洪水威胁，但其设计仅能持续到2030年，每两三年关闭一次)”点明了伦敦危机暗伏的原因是防洪堤老化，故推测出伦敦现在应该解决如何改善旧防洪堤的功能的问题。故选C项。2细节理解题。由Paris下第二段中的“One solution is to have air-cond

54、itioners installed in elderly care homes. (一个解决方案是在养老院安装空调)”和第三段“In Paris the local authorities are encouraging architects to design new types of buildings such as the building “Flower Tower”, which uses a covering of bamboo to act as a natural air-conditioner. (在巴黎，当地政府鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑，例如“花塔”，它使用竹子覆盖物作为

55、天然空调)”可知，盖上一层竹子的新型建筑、在养老院安装空调和鼓励建筑师设计新型建筑（如花塔）都是解决巴黎的热浪灾难的措施，D项“禁止城市建造“花塔”错误。故选D项。3推理判断题。由第一段“There has been a dramatic increase in the number of natural disasters over the past few years, and it is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. Some of

56、 the worlds leading cities are facing disasters like floods and heat waves. (过去几年，自然灾害的数量急剧增加，据推测，全球变暖和气候变化可能在未来造成更多的灾害。世界上一些主要城市正面临洪水和热浪等灾害)”和下文介绍的3个遭受自然灾害的城市可知，文章的目的是警告我们大城市中日益严重的自然灾害。故选B项。4B5D6A7B【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一家人在经历了可怕的飓风后幸运得救，并在母亲的鼓励下团结一致共建家园的故事。4细节理解题。根据文章第三段“It was August, so it was really

57、,really hot and it smelled so bad everywhere! （当时是八月，非常非常热，到处是难闻的气味。）”可知，飓风发生的时间是八月August。故选B项。5词句猜测题。由前三段内容可知，飓风吹走了我们的房顶，那时正是八月，天气很热很热并且到处是难闻的气味，可推测晚上有很多蚊子。再根据此句“Living in the open air,we became breakfast,lunch and dinner for the mosquitoes.（住在露天的环境中，我们成了蚊子们的早餐、午餐和晚餐了。）”可推断出他们被蚊子咬，故D项“We were bitte

58、n by mosquitoes constantly.（我们不停地被蚊子咬。）”符合语境，故选D项。6推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Now,one year has passed and Im back home in New Orleans. Some families have yet to return, but many others have come back.Although we are surrounded by reminders of the disaster. we are working together to rebuild our homes and our li

59、ves.（现在，一年过去了，我回到了新奥尔良的家中。一些家庭还没有回来，但许多人已经回来了。尽管我们周围充满了灾难的回忆，但我们正在共同努力重建我们的家园和生活。）”可知一些人还没有回到家乡。A项“Some families still didnt return home.”符合题意，故选A项。7推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But Mom said that whatever happens,we should always try to see the good side of things. It was difficult to stay positive,though.All we h

60、ad left were the clothes on our backs. But as Mom kept on reminding us,we were all together and safe. Moms words made us feel better.I remember us all lying under the midnight sky and looking up at the stars. Because there were no lights,we could see the Big Dipper,and the Milky Way. It was amazing!

61、 Despite the disaster, moments like those gave us hope for the future.（但是妈妈说，无论发生什么事，我们都应该看到事情好的一面。虽然我们只剩下身上的衣服了，但要保持积极是很难的。但正如妈妈不断提醒我们的，我们都在一起很安全。妈妈的话让我们感觉好多了。我记得躺在午夜的天空下仰望星空。因为没有灯光，我们可以看到北斗七星和银河系。这是惊人的！尽管发生了灾难，但这样的时刻给了我们对未来的希望。）”可知，如果没有妈妈对我们的安慰和鼓励就没有现在安全和乐观的我们。故选B项。8F9D10C11G12A【导语】本文是说明文，介绍了一些帮助人

62、们在洪水中生存的建议。8上文“Surviving a flood is a combination of preparation and appropriate action as soon as the disaster begins.”（要想躲过洪水，一开始就得做好准备工作和采取适当的行动。）提到在洪水中生存准备工作和行动的重要性，下文给出了具体的建议，则设空处应该是承上启下的句子，F项“这里有一些帮助你和家人在洪水中生存的建议”能够承上启下，符合语意。故选F项。9下文“Pick several meeting spots in case you need to leave home, s

63、uch as a friends home in a safe town or a shelter in your area.”（万一需要离开家，你得选几个见面的地点，比如去到在安全的城镇的朋友家，或是你所在区域的避难所。）提到制定全家人集合的安全地点，确保全家人知道地点在哪以及去的路线。D项“和你的家人坐下来制定一个行动计划”符合本段内容，引出下文。其中“establish a plan”和小标题“Make a flood survival plan.”一致；“Sit down with your family”和下文“Make sure everyone in the family kno

64、ws”内容一致。故选D项。10上句“When youre not sure of the water depth, dont risk it.”（当你不确定水的深度时，就不要冒险。）指出不确定水深时不要贸然涉水，则设空处应该指出正确做法，C项“如果你必须涉水，就得携带一根棍子”指出必须涉水时正确做法是携带一根棍子，下文“Use it to measure the waters depth and feel for stable (稳固的) ground.”（用棍子来测量水的深度，并感受地面是否稳定。）则解释了棍子的作用，其中it指代C项中的“a stick”。所以C项符合题意。故选C项。11上

65、文“Flooding information can be found on your local news or weather stations TV channel or website.”（有关洪水的消息可以在当地新闻或气象台的电视频道或网站上找到。）提到了解有关洪水的消息的渠道，G项“你应该收看天气预报，关注天气变化”进一步告诉我们要关注天气信息，了解变化。下文“Also, listen to local radio stations for regular updates.”（此外，定期收听当地电台的最新消息。）的“Also”承接G项内容，指出了解洪水信息的另一做法。所以G项符合题

66、意。故选G项。12结合篇章结构可知，设空处是第四个小标题，是应对洪水的第四个建议。下文“Roads and other paths may have been destroyed. Stay off bridges. The soil under usual routes will be soft and less able to support the weight of vehicles. Find other routes over high ground or wait for the authorities to indicate which roads are safe.”（道路可

67、能受损。远离桥梁。常规路线下的土壤会变软，难以支撑车辆的重量。我们应该在高地上寻找其他路线，或者等待当局指示哪些道路是安全的。）介绍洪水中的路况隐患和如何选择安全路线，A项“留意受灾区域”能够概括该段内容，下文“Roads and other paths may have been destroyed”与A项的“damaged areas”一致。所以A项符合题意。故选A项。13B14C15D16B17A18A19C20B21C22A23D24A25B26D27A28D29C30B31C32D【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了卡津海军在美国用船只在恶劣的风暴中拯救了很多生命的故事，对他们的

68、英勇行为表示钦佩和赞扬。13考查动词词义辨析。句意：该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。A. improved改善；B. started开始；C. delayed延迟；D. survived存活。结合下文“during Hurricane Katrina”和“Since then, they have saved”可以推断该组织在卡特里娜飓风期间开始志愿工作。故选B。14考查动词词义辨析。句意：仅在那场风暴中，他们就从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了1万多人！A. missed错过；B. met遇见；C. rescued援救；D. struck罢工。结合上文The Cajun Navy is a gr

69、oup of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和“more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”，以及下文的“saved”可知，这里表达的是他们从被淹的房屋和屋顶救出了1万多人！故选C。15考查名词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，他们在美国各地挽救了更多的生命！A. officers官员；B. money金钱；C. food食物；D. lives生命。结合

70、空格前的“saved”和上文“more than 10,000 people from flooded homes and rooftops”可知，表达的是挽救了更多的生命。故选D。16考查名词词义辨析。句意：在袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴中，如飓风哈维和飓风佛罗伦萨，卡津海军都去救援。A. raindrops雨滴；B. windstorms风暴；C. sandstorms沙尘暴；D. rainfalls降雨。结合后文“such as Hurricane Harvey and Hurricane Florence”可知这里提到的是袭击美国的许多最恶劣的风暴。故选B。17考查名词词义辨析。句意：用

71、他们的“船”，他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方。A. boats船；B. trucks卡车；C. bikes自行车；D. cars汽车。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group of volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和后文“people and animals are trapped by floodwaters”可知，在洪水中去援救别人应该用船。故选A。18考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：他

72、们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。A. in danger有危险；B. in place在正确的位置，就位；C. out of work失业；D. out of order发生故障。结合上文中的“they always go into places where people and animals are trapped by floodwaters(他们总是进入人们和动物被洪水围困的地方)”可知是寻找那些处于危险中的人。故选A。19考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们带着他们的小船和高超的技能去寻找那些处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。A.

73、force强制；B. invite邀请；C. transport运输，运送；D. persuade说服。根据下文“They bring their small boats and great skills to find those”和“them to safety”推断出，找到处于危险中的人，然后把他们运送到安全的地方。故选C。20考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们在与洪水作斗争，多么坚强和勇敢啊！A. secure安全的；B. brave勇敢的；C. modest谦逊的；D. straightforward直截了当的。and连接并列成分，这里是在表扬这些致力于援救工作的卡津海军，所以和stro

74、ng并列用brave符合题意，说明他们的勇敢无畏。故选B。21考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多志愿者是渔民和熟练的船只驾驶员。A. honest诚实的；B. trapped受困的；C. skilled熟练的；D. greedy贪婪的。结合后文的“They, who come from the southeast United States, are expert in”和空格后的“boat pilots”，推断应该是熟练的船只驾驶员。故选C。22考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们来自美国东南部，擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水道。A. sailing航行；B. looking看；C. flying飞行

75、；D. driving驾驶。结合后文“through a series of swamps (沼泽) and narrow waterways”推断应该用sail表示“擅长航行穿越一系列沼泽和狭窄的水道”。故选A。23考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的技能帮助他们找到绕过强大的洪水的方法。A. peaceful和平的；B. mixed混合的；C. limited有限的；D. powerful强大的。结合上文卡津海军从洪水中救人和下文“floodwaters”推断这里描述的是强大的洪水。故选D。24考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一名记者传达了他的感受，同

76、时赞扬了他们。A. conveyed传达；B. discovered发现；C. valued重视；D. ignored忽略。结合宾语“his feelings”和接下来他说的话可知用convey符合题意。故选A。25考查动词词义辨析。句意：在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助后，一名记者传达了他的感受，同时赞扬了他们。A. taught教；B. praised表扬；C. beat打；D. asked问。结合后文这位记者的话“The 14 were volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms, no 15m

77、edals awarded to them for acts of bravery.”可知这是在赞扬他们。故选B。26考查名词词义辨析。句意：英雄们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。A. passers-by路人；B. witnesses目击者；C. victims受害者；D. heroes英雄。结合前文“Navy stepped in to help during bad flooding in Louisiana(在路易斯安那州发生严重水灾时，卡津海军介入帮助)”可知这些来自卡津海军的志愿者是英雄。故选D。27考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英雄

78、们是来自卡津海军的志愿者，他们没有军衔，没有制服，没有颁发给他们的英勇行为的军事奖章。A. military军事的；B. athletic体育的；C. ecological生态的；D. economic经济的。结合前文“volunteers from the Cajun Navy, who had no ranks, no uniforms”，再结合前文提到他们英勇地救助处于危难中的人，可知虽然他们英勇救人，但没有颁发给卡津海军英勇行为的军事奖章。故选A。28考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。A. weak软弱

79、的；B. icy冰冷的；C. thoughtless轻率的；D. selfless无私的。结合后文提到“And they do not do it for money or attention”可知他们拥有无私的的心。故选D。29考查名词词义辨析。句意：是一颗无私的心，而不是指挥官，把他们召唤到危险的洋流中，把濒危的公民带到更高、更安全的地方。A. companies公司；B. funds资金；C. currents电流，水流；D. flights航班。结合后文“to carry endangered citizens to higher and safer ground”推断是一颗无私的心把

80、他们召唤到危险的洋流中。故选C。30考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们也会激励其他人。A. acknowledge承认；B. inspire激励；C. adopt采纳；D. investigate调查。结合前文“The Cajun Navy is a great example of character in action.”可知他们是榜样，他们也会激励其他人。故选B。31考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人。A. abandon放弃；B. consult咨询；C. assist协助，帮助；D. guide指南。结合上文“The Cajun Navy is a group o

81、f volunteer small boat owners who help people during bad storms and floods.(卡津海军是一群志愿的小船主，他们在恶劣的风暴和洪水期间帮助人们)”和本句中“They often put themselves in danger”可知是他们经常把自己置于危险之中去帮助别人，呼应下文“they can help and they want to help”。故选C。32考查副词词义辨析。句意：他们这样做并不是为了金钱或关注，而仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且他们想要去帮助。A. cruelly残酷地；B. delicately微妙地

82、；C. hardly几乎没有；D. merely仅仅地。结合上文“And they do not do it for money or attention”和下文“because they can help and they want to help”可知用副词merely比较贴切，表示仅仅是因为他们可以帮助并且他们想要去帮助，才会这样做。故选D。Part4话题写作练应用文练Passage1Dear Kate,Im writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive

83、 this common threat to a coastal city.Knowing what to do matters when a hurricane strikes. Before a hurricane, make sure your property is protected. Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away. You should have sufficient food, water, medicine and batteries for emergency. During a h

84、urricane, youd better stay in the shelter, away from windows and listen to weather warning. Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds may return.YoursLi Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。假定你是李华，在某国际学校就读。因你所在海滨城市经常有飓风袭扰，必须提醒新来的英国交换生 Kate了解安全须知。请你用英语给她发一封电子邮件。【详解】1.词汇积累告知：

85、inform sb. of sth.tell sb. sth.重要：mattercount建议：tipadvice充足的：sufficientenough2.句式拓展合并句子原句：Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops. Dangerous winds may return.拓展句：Do not assume the storm has passed and go out even if the wind stops because dangerous winds may return.【点睛】高

86、分句型1 Im writing to inform you a newcomer, of some tips on hurricane safety so that you can survive this common threat to a coastal city. (运用了目的状语从句)高分句型2 Close windows and bring indoors anything that could blow away.(运用了that引导的定语从句)Passage2Dear readers,Im writing to tell you something about tsunamis

87、 and give you some advice on how to protect us when tsunamis break out.Tsunamis are usually caused by strong earthquakes that happen in oceans. Great sea waves will be pushed towards shores with great speed. If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger. The buildings will also

88、 be destroyed.To protect ourselves from the natural disaster, here are some suggestions for you. First, when we are playing or living near the shore, its vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be prepared for disasters. Second, if tsunamis happen, we must run towards high land

89、 as fast as possible. Holding tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.I hope my advice will be helpful. I wish all of us can protect ourselves from dangers and live a happy life.Yours,Li Hua【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求学生写一封建议性。内容包括海啸的形成和危害，以及对如何防御和逃生给予建议。【详解】1.词汇积累建议：advicesuggestions爆发：hap

90、penbreak out意识到：realizebe aware of重要的：vitalessential2.句式拓展原句：Holding tight to branches or driftwood can also save our lives.拓展句：If we hold tight to branches or driftwood, we can also save our lives.【点睛】【高分句型1】 If tsunamis happen, people living near the shores will be in danger.(运用了现在分词做后置定语修饰名词)【高分句

91、型2】First, when we are playing or living near the shore, its vital for us to be aware of the warning system so that we can be well-prepared for disasters.(运用了it作形式主语，to do不定式做真正的主语以及so that引导的目的状语从句)读后续写练One possible version:Para 1.If you stay outdoors during an earthquake, go to an area which is as

92、open as possible. Dont move to buildings, electric poles and other objects which may fall during an earthquake and injure you. If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. Protect your head and stay low to the ground till the shaking ends and it is safe to move. If you

93、are close to the sea, try to get as far away from the water as possible. Earthquakes can cause huge waves that can really harm the people nearby.Para 2.After an earthquake, many buildings are less strong, although they appear safe. If you stay indoors, move people from the building quickly and help

94、disabled or injured people. Once outdoors, move well away from the building so that if it falls down, you will not be injured. Wait till public safety officials announce that it is safe to stay indoors. By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of

95、 survival without injury.【分析】这是一篇说明文。一次严重的地震是一次可怕的经历，人们很容易忘记混乱的安全措施。幸运的是，大多数地震安全措施都是常识，但如果你忘了其他的事情，请记住以下指示:蹲下，找掩护，抓住。文章主要介绍了一些有关地震安全的知识。【详解】1.段落续写：由第一段首句内容“如果你在地震期间呆在户外，去一个尽可能开放的地方。”可知，第一段可描写在户外躲避地震的方法。由第二段首句内容“地震过后，许多建筑物虽然看起来很安全，但并不坚固。”可知，第二段可描写在室内躲避地震的方法。2.续写线索：在户外去开放的地方远离大海在室内尽快转移出去户外远离建筑物3.词汇激活行

96、为类受伤：be injured/ injury/ be wounded落下：fall / drop down保持冷静：keep calm / keep ones head情绪类安全：safety /safe/ secure非常：greatly/ enormously【点睛】高分句型1 If you are driving, stop the car as soon as possible and stay in your car. (运用了if引导条件状语从句)高分句型2 By planning ahead and keeping calm during an earthquake, you can greatly increase your chances of survival without injury. (运用了动名词作宾语)