专题28 法律常识、法律意识及社会进步-2024年高考英语一轮复习主题词汇.docx

1、话题二十八 法律常识、法律意识及社会进步第一部分 话题词汇积累单词&短语1.opponent n._2.optional adj._3.accident n._4. organic adj._5.outcome n._6.case n._7.output n._8.overall adj._9.overlook vt._10.overseas adv._11.package n._12.parade n._13.parallel adj._14. pattern n._15.pause n.&v._16.peak n._17.pedestrian n._18.permanent adj._19

2、.personnel n._20.pessimistic adj._21.law n._22._adj.普通的；平常的；一般的；平凡的23._n.组织；固体；机构24._adj.原料的；最早的；最初的；原创的25._adv.否则；以另外的方式26._adv.在/往户外；在野外27._adj.外向的；爱交际的，友好的28._adj.杰出的；突出的；优秀的29._vt.战胜；克服；解决30._n.乘客；旅客31._n.激情；热爱；强烈情感32._adj.消极的；被动的33._n.病人adj.有耐心的；能忍耐的34._n.表演；演出；表现35._n.个性；人格；性格36._n.现象37._n.物理学

3、38._n.钢琴家39._-_-_-_v.(原形、过去式、过去分词、现在分词)(使)恐慌40._-_-_v.(原形、过去式、过去分词)许可；准许41._为某人做手术42._征询某人的意见43._抓住机会做某事44._oppose doing sth./be opposed to doing sth.45._向反方向46._对生活积极乐观47.place an order for a coat_48.other than_49.owe sb.an apology/owe an apology to sb._50.keep pace with._51.take pains to do sth._5

4、2.在中起重要作用_53.对某事讲究/挑剔_54.尤其；特别_55.拜访某人_56.还清欠债；得到回报_57.未经许可_58.亲自；亲身_59.说服某人做某事_60.给某人拍照_词汇拓展1.option n.可选择的事物；选择；选择权；选择的自由；选修课；(未来的)买卖选择权This particular model comes with a wide range of_这种型号的货品有很多选择。Several_are offered for the students senior year.为毕业班学生开设了几门选修课。I am keeping my_open. I have not mad

5、e a decision on either matter.我保留选择权，这两件事我都还没有作出决定。【辨异】 option,choice,alternative,selection的区别choice指普通意义上的选择。可指以任何方式进行的选择，着重自由选择，也可指被选中的人或物。option指的是某个特定情境下众多选择中的一个。着重特别给予的选择权利或权力，所选物常相互排斥。alternative通常指的是可用于替代现有事物的另一个选择。selection通常指的是经过精心挑选出来的，比较出色的人或事物。We left the selection of the team to the cap

6、tain.我们把挑选队员的工作交给了队长。At lunchtime,theres a choice between the buffet and the set menu.午餐可以选自助餐，也可以选套餐。It is really very hard for me to make my option between these alternatives.让我在这两个选择中作出选择真的非常难。After graduation, she has the alternative of either being employed in a company or of taking on a career

7、 of her own.毕业后她可以选择受雇于一家公司或者自己创业。2.pay off偿清，还清(债务);还清欠的钱；用钱打发；成功；赢利To_the debts, I worked hard for ten years.为了还清债务，我辛苦工作了十年。I believe that hard work and determination are bound to_我相信勤奋和决心一定会得到回报。He was determined to become a doctor and his persistence_他决心成为医生，他的坚持取得了成功。【联想】 pay a visit to参观pay b

8、ack偿还；报复pay for支付pay attention to注意活学活用一、阅读下列句子，在空自处填入1个单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1.I_(panic) when I saw smoke coming out of the engine.2.I think were going to have to place an order _new-model chips ahead of schedule.3.While homeschooling offers _alternative to the school environment,it has become a contr

9、oversial issue.4.No reference books are to be taken out of the reading room without_(permit).5.At first she tried to persuade others to do the film, but finally she was persuaded by her friends_(do)it herself.二、翻译句子1.如果时间允许的话，你们可以参观一下杭州的一些名胜古迹。(pay a visit)_2.在赢得一场比赛中，心理因素常常起着重要作用。(play a part)_3.如果

10、是这样的话，除了向你说声对不起，我已经不知道该做些什么了。(other than)_4.不要太讲究吃穿，多注重学习和工作。(particular)_参考答案单词&短语1.对手；反对者 2.可选择的 3.事故，意外的事 4.器官的；有机的 5.结果；成果 6.案例 7.产量；输出(量)8.全部的；全面的 9.俯瞰；忽略 10.在国外；向海外11.包裹；包 12.游行；阅兵式 13.平行的 14.模式；图案 15.中断；暂停 16.山峰；高峰 17.行人；步行者18.永久的；长久的 19.全体人员 20.悲观的 21.法律22.ordinary 23.organization/organisati

11、on 24.original25.otherwise 26.outdoors 27.outgoing 28.outstanding29.overcome 30.passenger 31. passion 32.passive33.patient 34. performance 35. personality 36. phenomenon 37.physics38. pianist 39. panicpanickedpanickedpanicking 40.permitpermittedpermitted41.operate on sb./perform an operation on sb.

12、42.ask for/seek sb.s opinion 43.grasp/seize/take the opportunity to do sth. 44.反对做某事 45.in the opposite direction 46.be optimistic about life 47.订购一件大衣48.除以外 49.应向某人道歉 50.与步调一致51.努力做某事 52.play an important part in. 53.be particular about/over sth. 54. in particular 55. pay a visit to sb./pay sb. a v

13、isit 56.pay off 57.without per-mission 58.in person 59. persuade sb. to do sth./persuade sb. into doing sth. 60, take a photo/picture of sb.词汇拓展1.options;options;options2.pay off;pay off;paid off活学活用一、1.panicked 2.for 3.an 4.permission/being permitted 5.to do二、1.Time permitting,you can pay a visit t

14、o some places of interest in Hangzhou.2.Psychological factors often play an important part in winning a competition.3.If it is the case,I cannot do anything other than say sorry to you!4.Dont be too particular about what you eat and wear;pay more attention to your study and work.第二部分 话题阅读训练（A）阅读理解Ov

15、er 2.5 quintillion bytes of data are created each day. Many of them consist of information that would allow people to be personally identified.At the same time that we share our personal information，there is a growing concern with how that information is being gathered, stored, used and shared. Whil

16、e many economies like Canada and the EU have privacy laws dating back to the mid1990s, changes to data practices in the past five years have motivated governments to review or update existing laws.Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data

17、 accumulation and use.For instance, earlier this year, the World Economic Forum found that 1/3 of global citizens have no idea about how their personal information is used and that trust is lacking.Privacy laws are changing to deal with the real and noticed risks of harm which result from the underr

18、egulated or unregulated data economy. The EU has introduced big reform to laws which are aimed at protecting privacy. The EUs General Data Protection Regulation(GDPR) introduced strict requirements for those that control or process the personal data of the people who live in the EU. The GDPRs stated

19、 goals focus on the protection and basic rights of personal information.Certain US states are also entering the group in the fight for control over personal data.They have passed or are actively considering privacy laws.California is out front.The California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) provides grea

20、ter control to individuals over their personal information. There is a sense that privacy laws are on the horizon in the US.These are two examples that are actively pursuing more progressive privacy laws.One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices. This will e

21、ase compliance (遵从) across the border and provide a valuable signal to the public that governments are keeping pace with rapid change.1Whats the cause of the change of privacy laws?AA growing need for information.BPublic concerns over data security.CGeneral awareness of data control.DCollection of p

22、ersonal information.2How does Paragraph 4 develop?ABy giving examples.BBy listing statistics.CBy analyzing reasons.DBy making comparisons.3What is an important consideration for global law makers?AThe practice of laws in different fields.BThe reflection of reality in different eras.CThe consistency

23、of laws in different regions.DThe adaptation to changes in different societies.4What is the passage mainly about?AEU passes new laws for privacy protection.BGovernments ignore the violation of personal privacy.CPrivacy laws are changing to protect personal information.DPeople lack the awareness of p

24、ersonal information protection.【语篇解读】本文主要讲了公众对不受限制地积累和使用个人数据日益感到担忧，这推动了隐私法的变化，欧盟和美国的一些州为此颁布了法律条例。1.B细节理解题。根据第三段的第一句“Changes to privacy laws are being fuelled by growing public concerns with the idea of unrestricted data accumulation and use.”可知，隐私法变化的原因是公众对个人数据安全的担忧，故B项正确。2.A写作手法题。根据第四段的第一句可知，隐私法正在改

25、变以解决实际的和被注意到的损害风险，该段接着又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子来说明第一句表述的内容，故A项正确。3.C细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“One important consideration is to harmonize global standards for best law practices.”可知，一个重要的考虑因素是为了最佳的法律实践而统一全球标准，即不同地区法律的一致性。故C项正确。4.C主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了公众对不受限制地积累和使用数据的担忧推动了隐私法的改变，又分别举了欧盟和美国加利福尼亚州颁布法律条例来增强隐私保护的例子，

26、故C项正确。（B）语法填空Eating and drinking on the subway has long been a controversial issue in China. While many have felt a sharp annoyance 1._ the sight and scent of food in subway cars, quite a few also support the right to chew 2._(noisy) on snacks during the trip to work or school.The debate recently ar

27、rived at 3._(it) final destination when Ministry of Transport of the Peoples Republic of China introduced a new regulation last week that bans passengers nationwide, with the exception of 4._(baby) and people with certain medical conditions, from eating or drinking in subway cars.The policy 5._(sche

28、dule) to take effect on April 1 along with some new conduct rules that will forbid subway riders from playing music or videos on speakers, or 6._(lie) down on seats.Zhang Han, 7._ 18yearold girl, recalled that a female passenger was seen recently on a subway in Nanjing 8._(fine) for eating sugarcoat

29、ed haws, a traditional street food.“At first, I felt sorry for the girl，” she said. “Most people were simply 9._(aware) of such a food ban before.”Now that a national ban is in the pipeline, she said she supported the idea. “The subway car is a public space.No food should be allowed，10._ or not it g

30、ives off a strong smell.”【语篇解读】本文介绍了一项针对地铁车厢里乘客吃喝问题的规定在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝玩乐，并讲述了一个18岁的女孩对此规定的看法。1at考查介词。此处表示对看到地铁车厢里有人吃东西表示厌烦，故用介词at。at the sight of表示“看到”，是固定用法。2noisily考查副词。此处应用副词noisily修饰动词chew。3its考查代词。此处指关于这个问题的争论最近有了最终结果。此处应用形容词性物主代词its修饰名词destination。4babies考查名词的单复数。此处指在全国各地将禁止除了婴儿和患病

31、人群之外的乘客在车厢里吃喝，根据语境可知，此处指的婴儿不止一个，故应用名词的复数形式。5is scheduled考查时态、语态和主谓一致。此处指这项规定预计在4月1号生效，为对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时；又主语The policy与schedule之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，故填is scheduled。6lying考查非谓语动词。此处和该句中的playing并列，作介词from的宾语，应用动名词形式lying，指禁止乘客躺在座位上。7an考查冠词。此处泛指一个18岁的女孩，且18yearold的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。8fined考查固定用法。此处表示一位女乘客被看见罚款了，考查固定用法see sb. done的被动形式sb.be seen done，故填fined。9unaware考查形容词。根据语境可知，此处表示大多数人之前确实不知道这个食物禁令，故填unaware“不知道”。10whether考查状语从句。句意：不应允许在地铁车厢里面吃东西，无论它是否散发出强烈的气味。故填whether。