2022届高考英语一轮复习 Unit 7 自然环境、自然遗产保护训练（含解析）北师大版.doc

1、自然环境、自然遗产保护课时练(一)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)forbid terrifying completely disappear disaster punish increase damage arouse freezing awareness sharply appeal vital advocate eventually scientifically precious substitute threaten (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)1I consider it necessary for the gov

2、ernment to arouse public awareness of protecting environment.2It is assumed that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future.3Those who destroy the environment intentionally should be severely punished.4The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from thos

3、e accidents has increased over the past year.5After the typhoon, nearly all the water and electricity supplies are damaged or even destroyed.6Unluckily, rainforests are disappearing at a rate of 80 acres per minute!.单句语法填空1The number of the people, who have access to their own cars, has risen sharpl

4、y (sharp) in the past decade.2He appealed to other film stars to donate for the poor area.3It is important that students develop an awareness (aware) of how the Internet can be used.4If we are to make a difference in life, its vital that we (should)_begin (begin) with small things.5When the ice is h

5、eated above freezing (freeze) point, it begins to change into a liquid state.6Eventually (eventual) your child will leave home to lead his/her own life as a fully independent adult.写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1Some people may argue that traffic lights are not arranged scientifically, so that they have to wait too

6、 long before they can cross the road. 科学地2I would appreciate it very much if you could give us some precious advice on how to improve our online English school. 宝贵的3Generally speaking, more and more people are advocating“lowcarbon” lifestyle. 提倡4In a formal football match, each team has three player

7、s to substitute their teammates when necessary. 代替5It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten peoples lives. 威胁.用本单元词汇替换加蓝词1So our government should make laws to forbid the use of plastic bags in department stores and supermarkets.ban2I was warned to watch out for the terrifying do

8、g. frightening3He did not realize his mistakes until the plan was ruined completely. altogether二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解AAs far back as the age of dinosaurs millions of years ago, turtles (海龟) wandered around the Earth.Even nowadays it is generally assumed that turtles are the worlds steadiest creature.However

9、, a new research shows 61 percent of the 356 species of turtles are already threatened or no longer exist.The destruction of their homes, disease, climate change and other reasons have caused their population to drop sharply.In a new study published in the journal BioScience, a team of scientists fr

10、om various institutions claim that turtles are one of the most threatened among the major vertebrate (脊椎动物) groups.This could, the authors say, have serious consequences for the ecology.Turtles contribute to the health of many environments, including desert, wetland, freshwater and marine ecosystems

11、, and the decline may lead to bad effects on other species, including humans, they explain.Whit Gibbons, senior author and professor at the University of Georgias Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, says in a statement that the intention of the study is to inform people about the vital ecological rol

12、es of turtles.One of the important qualities of turtles is how diverse they are when it comes to food.This allows them to have a major impact on food webs of their homes all over the world.In some areas, the density (密度) of the turtle population makes them an important part of the ecosystem.With the

13、ir gathering, other species that feed on them and their eggs are sure to have a large pool of food.For plants, turtles are also extremely important as they distribute the seeds of many plant species.When they eat, some seeds are not destroyed by the digestive process and instead make their way out o

14、f the animals body.Some turtles are the main dispersal (传播) agents of certain plants and their seeds.These are only a few yet very vital roles that turtles play in the ecological landscape.Unfortunately, many species are in serious decline and in danger of disappearing completely.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了

15、海龟的数量急剧下降，这对生态系统有不利影响。1What does the new study aim to do?ATo save the grand vertebrate groups on earth.BTo warn people of turtles terrible situation.CTo make the importance of turtles roles known.DTo claim turtles may be related to dinosaurs.解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“the intention of the study is to inform

16、people about the vital ecological roles of turtles”可知，这个研究的目的是让人们了解海龟在生态系统中的重要作用。故选C。2How might the disappearance of turtles influence certain plants?ASpeed up these plants disappearing.BPut an end to these plants seed spreading.CAllow more seeds to grow into plants.DGive these plants no chance of s

17、urvival.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第五段中的“they distribute the seeds of many plant species”可知，海龟是很多植物种类的传播媒介。由此可推知，海龟的消失也可能加速这些植物的灭绝。故选A。3What can be a suitable title for the text?ATurtles Are Sure to Stop ExistingBThe Ecology Will Change with TurtlesCDecline of Turtles Threatens the WorldDTurtles Dying Out Worldwi

18、de Matters a Lot解析：选D标题归纳题。通读全文可知，作者介绍了目前海龟数量大范围减少的状况以及海龟的存在对生态系统的重要作用，故选D。BIts thought that around 5 trillion pieces of plastic are currently floating in our oceans.Both mammals and fish benefit from clean oceans.It is reported that more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in our oceans every yea

19、r, and nearly half of the plastic we produce is singleuse only.This shoe brand, however, is riding the wave of change and is on a mission to help clean up our waters and rid the sea of plastic bottles that can take up to 400 years to break down.Vivobarefoots newest footwear uses recycled plastic mat

20、erials and has created an education program that spreads awareness about how harmful plastic is for sea life.Every pair of shoes is made up of 17 plastic water bottles taken from the ocean and turned into a sustainable, comfortable pair of shoes, which are also healthy for your feet.And while not ev

21、eryone can take part in ocean cleanups, choosing little ways we can give back to our planet goes a long way.Vivobarefoots new products include a variety of highperformance styles such as casual sneakers, running shoes, and hiking boots.The brand hopes that its latest initiative (首创精神) will help less

22、en the indifference to pollution and how harmful it is for all living beings.In the future, Vivobarefoot hopes to increase their production of shoes created from sustainable materials, and thankfully, they are now one of many brands that aim to increase environmentalism and educate communities on ho

23、w global warming affects everyone.This year, theyll add more recyclable and traceable materials into more than half of their production line, and they have plenty of creative developments in the works as well.The shoes also have a health benefit.Based on the concept that wider, minimally designed sh

24、oes enable our foot to function at maximum potential, wearers also experience better balance and sensory input.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Vivobarefoot公司推出了使用可回收的塑料材料制作的最新鞋款，并创建了一个教育计划，让人们了解塑料对海洋生物的危害。4How does the author make his point convincing?ABy listing figures.BBy telling a story.CBy giving examples. DBy m

25、aking comparisons.解析：选A写作手法题。文章中作者使用了“around 5 trillion pieces of plastic”；“more than 8 million tons of plastic”； “up to 400 years to break down”等数据，由此可知，作者通过列举一系列的数据来阐述事实。故选A。5What is Vivobarefoot doing to help with the marine creatures?ADonating money to buy food for them.BKeeping the oceans free

26、from plastic bottles.CProducing more shoes from sustainable materials.DRaising public awareness of recycling and reuse.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，Vivobarefoot公司生产的鞋是由从海洋中取出的塑料水瓶制成的，它在一定程度上有助于清理海洋里的塑料瓶。由此可推知，Vivobarefoot通过清理海洋里的塑料瓶来帮助海洋生物。故选B。6What is probably Vivobarefoots operation philosophy?ACustomerf

27、ocused.BServiceoriented.CMoneysaving.DEnvironmentallyfriendly.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知，Vivobarefoot的经营理念以环保为主。故选D。7Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AVivobarefoots new products havent been released.BVivobarefoot is the most popular shoe brand in the world.CVivobarefoot cares about not

28、 only its business but also public services.DVivobarefoot is the first company to find the new function of waste materials.解析：选C细节理解题。根据常理可知，Vivobarefoot推出新款鞋子肯定是为了增加利润；再根据第三段第二句可知，Vivobarefoot同时还关心公共服务。故选C。.语法填空On May 18, it was announced that China had achieved success in drilling for fire ice, a

29、_1_ (froze) mix of water and natural gas, from the South China Sea._2_ (official) known as methane hydrate (甲烷水合物), fire ice produces a high amount of energy when _3_ (burn) and its chemical reaction produces nothing but carbon dioxide and water.Fire ice, both clean and energyintensive, _4_ (conside

30、r) the fuel of the future.Many countries, including the United States and Japan, have long been conducting research on fire ice, but extracting (提取) it from the bottom of the sea has been a common problem _5_ (trouble) all of them.However, the Chinese team succeeded in drilling for fire ice in nearl

31、y eight successive days, _6_ is a big breakthrough.However, it is too early _7_ (say) a new energy source has been found.The worlds total fire ice reserve is about 21,000 trillion cubic meters, which, if extracted, could meet the worlds energy need _8_ 1,000 years.But the successful test drilling of

32、 fire ice does not mean it can be extracted for _9_ (industry) use.China has to solve many problems before it can use fire ice as a source of energy.Its thought that only by 2025 at _10_ earliest might people be able to see realistic commercial options.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在钻探海底可燃冰方面取得了重大突破。1froze

33、n考查形容词。根据空前的“a”和空后的“mix”可知，此处应用froze的形容词形式frozen，表示“冷冻的”，故填frozen。2Officially考查副词。known为非谓语动词，应用副词修饰，故填Officially。3burned/burnt考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处为when引导的状语从句的省略形式，且burn与其逻辑主语fire ice之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式。故填burned或burnt。4is considered考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，本句主语Fire ice为单数，与consider之间为被动关系，再根据全文时态可知，应用一

34、般现在时。故填is considered。5troubling考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，_ all of them应为定语，修饰problem，两者之间为逻辑上的主动关系。故填troubling。6which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。故填which。7to say考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，it为形式主语，应用动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to say。8for考查介词。句意：全世界的可燃冰总储备量大约为21 000 万亿立方米，如果被开采，能满足全世界1 000年的能源需求。根据句意可知，此处应用“for一段时间”表示“达，计(表

35、示动作或情况持续的时间)”。故填for。9industrial考查形容词。空后的use为名词，作for的宾语，所以应用形容词修饰名词。故填industrial。10the考查冠词。the修饰形容词最高级，at the earliest意为“最早”。故填the。课时练(二)一、主题语基拓展练 (一)主题词汇盘查 (已会词汇，在内打“”；欠熟练词汇，多翻阅识记)harmony beneficialcontribution protect development terrified drought destruction conservation emission hurricane radiati

36、on shortage properly reserve balance situation resource recycle surroundings (二)主题词汇训练.选词填空(有两词多余)surroundings, reserve, protect, balance, situation, resource, development, recycle1.Changbaishan is Chinas largest nature reserve and is home to a great diversity of rare plants and animals.2You are wor

37、king too hard.Youd better keep a balance between work and relaxation.3In conclusion, people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.4Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.5Im writing to share my opinions about trying to save both

38、 for natural resources and the environment.6Wed better recycle the waste water, paper and other waste so that we can reuse them.单句语法填空1Everyone should make contributions (contribute) to protecting the environment.2If not dealt with properly (proper), waste batteries will seriously pollute the underg

39、round water.3With the development (develop) of society, computers are playing an important role in many aspects of our life.4Recently, people are terrified (terrify) of talking about one word “haze”5A law has been passed to protect endangered wildlife from dying out.6The drought (dry) in the southwe

40、st of China has lasted for several months, which makes people face water shortage.7Exercise is beneficial (benefit) to our health and wed better have ourselves running for half an hour every day.8I hold the firm belief that only when everybody makes an effort can our society be warmer and more harmo

41、nious(harmony).写出下列句中加蓝词的汉语意思1It is obvious that destruction of the environment is one of the most serious challenges we face. 破坏2I basically try to do conservation work to help birds get protected throughout the world.保护3Large quantities of laws have been made to reduce the carbon emission. 排放4What

42、 man must fear when traveling in space is radiation from the sun. 辐射；放射(物)5The good news is that we are aware of the importance of fresh water and its shortage we are facing. 短缺6After the terrible hurricane, the whole house was destroyed entirely. 飓风二、主题语篇押题练.阅读理解When humans make friends, we often c

43、hoose companions who share similar characteristics to us or enjoy participating in the same activities that we enjoy.Interestingly, it turns out that dolphins (海豚) may not be so different, according to a study which found that the animals form strong social ties with those who have similar interests

44、.In some ways, this may not be surprising, if we know dolphins live in groups characterized by complex social activities.However, the latest findings are yet another powerful example of the intelligence that these creatures possess.For the study, an international team of scientists studied a unique

45、group of bottlenose dolphins, who live in the World Heritage area of Shark Bay, Western Australia.They are particularly interesting because the females are known to use sea sponges (海绵动物) as foraging (觅食) tools, a behavior that hasnt been perceived anywhere else.The behavior known as “sponging” help

46、s the dolphins to find food in deeper waters and is sociallylearned, being passed down from mother to baby.Previous studies have shown that females in this group who use sea sponges to find food often like to hang out with other females who do the same.However, studies of this behavior in males are

47、lacking, leaving a gap (空白) in our knowledge.To try and address this gap, the researchers collected data on 124 male dolphins in Shark Bay over an 8year period between 2007 and 2015.Among these dolphins, some had the sponging behavior, while others did not.After analyzing their data, the team came t

48、o the conclusion that those males who used sponges for foraging associated significantly more often with other “spongers” no matter how related they were to their companions.Interestingly, male spongers spent significantly more time foraging and less time resting than nonspongers.According to the le

49、ad author of the study, Manuela Bizzozzero, the findings cast new light on the social ties between male dolphins at Shark Bay.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一项研究发现，雌性宽吻海豚会用海绵体作为觅食工具，这种行为在其他任何地方都没有被发现。1What can we learn from the first paragraph?ADolphins are humans best friends.BDolphins make friends like huma

50、ns.CDolphins can understand humans emotions.DDolphins confuse humans with their lifestyles.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，海豚与那些有着相似兴趣的海豚形成了牢固的社会关系。由此可知，海豚和人类一样交朋友。故选B。2What does the underlined word “perceived” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?AInfluenced.BPrevented.CObserved. DAccepted.解析：选C词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句及后文“any

51、where else”可知，雌性海豚会用海绵体作为觅食工具，这种行为在其他任何地方都没有被发现。故画线单词意思为“观察，发现”。故选C。3Why does the author mention previous studies in Paragraph 3?ATo explain the intention of the latest studies.BTo present their achievements in dolphin research.CTo stress that dolphins have the sociallylearned behavior.DTo show how

52、female dolphins use sea sponges to find food.解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，对雄性这种行为的研究还很缺乏。为了解决这个问题，研究人员收集了2007年至2015年8年间鲨鱼湾124只雄性海豚的数据。由此可推知，作者在第三段中提到以前的研究是为了解释这个最新研究的目的。故选A。4Whats the result of the studies on male bottlenose dolphins?AFew of them make use of sponges to find food.BA large quantity of them

53、 mainly feed on sponges.CMale spongers rest more often than nonspongers.DMale spongers enjoy staying with other spongers.解析：选D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“those males who used sponges for foraging associated significantly more often with other spongers”可知，雄性宽吻海豚喜欢和其他海绵动物待在一起。故选D。.阅读七选五How To Be Green?What does “

54、green” mean？“Green” is more than just a color._1_ Why green? Plants are green, and without them the Earth wouldnt be such a lovely home for us human beings.What can we do? Heres a fourstep guide to being green.Reduce It!_2_ For instance, a shorter shower means you use less water and less fuel since

55、your house uses fuel to run the water heater that warms up the water.Reuse It!Sometimes people call our society a “throwaway society”It means that were a little too willing to throw away old stuff (东西) and buy new stuff._3_ For instance, if your baby brother becomes older and loses interest in his p

56、lastic basketball hoop (篮圈), why not give it to another family who has a little kid?Recycle It!Recycling has never been easier.Many communities (社区) will pick it up right in front of your house and some towns even require it.Recycled goods go to a recycling center, where they can be turned into new

57、cans, bottles, and paper.Enjoy It!Its true that rubbish and pollution are problems, but the Earth remains a huge and beautiful place thats ready for you to explore._4_ Go for a hike, visit local nature centers and gardens, and climb up mountains.But before you travel around the world, take a look at

58、 your own backyard.Find a place where you could plant a tree or put in a little fruit or vegetable garden._5_AGet out there and get your hands dirty.BTurn off the water when youre brushing your teeth.CIt also means taking special steps to protect the environment.DWhen you use less of something, you

59、do a good thing for the Earth.EYou can start locally by visiting the naturally beautiful spots in your city.FMany times, even if you no longer need something, someone else just might.GThen you can watch with pride as your tree takes root and your garden plants grow.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。绿色不只是一种颜色，也是一种环保。文章主

60、要介绍了过环保生活的四个步骤。1选C根据前文“Green is more than just a color.”可知，C项“这也意味着采取特殊措施保护环境”承接上文，符合文意。2选D根据本段小标题“Reduce It！”可知，D项“当你少用点东西的时候，你在为地球做好事”符合主题，且与下文的“less water and less fuel”相呼应。3选F根据下文的举例可知，空处建议将自己不需要的东西送给其他需要的人，故F项“很多时候，即使你不再需要某样东西，别人也可能会需要”承上启下，符合文意。4选E根据前文可知，地球仍然是一个巨大而美丽的地方，你可以去探索。故E项“你可以从当地的自然美景开

61、始参观”承接上文；且选项中的“start locally by visiting .”与下文的“visit local nature centers .”相呼应。5选G根据前文可知，找一个地方，你可以种植一棵树或种一点水果或蔬菜。G选项中tree与garden可与上文对应，故选G。.短文改错When I was very young, I stayed at my hometown with my grandma.She was a diligent woman.She likes to grow vegetables or takes care of all the houseworks.T

62、hough my parents often ask her to quit the work, my grandma never listen.She takes that she does as her great joy.I understand her because I see her smile and she is satisfied with life.Several months before, my father bought for her a new smartphone.And during the Spring Festival, I instructed her how email and use the Internet.Aside from emailing, she thinks it feels greatly to talk to their grandchildren on WeChat.答案：第二句：wasis第三句：orand; houseworkshousework第四句：listenlistens第五句：thatwhat第七句：beforeago; 去掉for第八句：how后加to第九句：greatlygreat; theirher