2022版高考英语一轮复习 专题十三 细节理解方法集训（含解析）.docx

1、第二部分阅读【考情探究】卷名年份篇目体裁主题考点考频主题语境主题语境内容细节理解主旨要义推理判断猜测词义新高考2020A应用文人与社会诗歌挑战赛7152B记叙文人与自我终身学习C记叙文人与社会跨文化沟通D说明文人与自我生活方式课标全国2020A应用文人与社会乘坐火车的信息4281B议论文人与自我重读书籍C说明文人与社会竞走运动D说明文人与自然人与植物的关系2019A应用文人与社会暑期工作介绍8241B记叙文人与社会老师与学生C说明文人与社会科技发展D说明文人与社会社会交往课标全国2020A应用文人与社会旅游景点介绍8322B说明文人与自我完善自我C说明文人与自然人与动物D记叙文人与自我终身学习

2、2019A应用文人与社会文学艺术5262B记叙文人与社会志愿服务C说明文人与社会社会交往D说明文人与社会科技发展课标全国2020A应用文人与自然与学者们探寻过去6351B说明文人与自然人与动物的关系C说明文人与自我家庭生活D说明文人与自然人类与环境的关系2019A应用文人与社会戏剧8151B议论文人与社会跨文化沟通、包容和合作C说明文人与社会社会进步D说明文人与自然自然科学研究结果分析解读1.近五年阅读理解文章的体裁以说明文为主,以记叙文、应用文、议论文为辅,而且在2020年新高考卷和近五年课标卷阅读理解中每年都有1篇应用文。2.阅读理解所选文章的主题语境以人与社会、人与自我为主,以人与自然为

3、辅,基本涵盖课程标准所列举的常见话题。 3.阅读理解命题以细节理解和推理判断为主,兼顾主旨要义和猜测词义类题目,对学生的深层思维要求较高。 4.未来高考阅读理解选材时还将以说明文为主,记叙文、议论文、应用文为辅,主题语境会涵盖人与自我、人与社会和人与自然,设题以考查细节理解、推理判断为主,以主旨要义、猜测词义为辅,但文章理解的难度和干扰项的迷惑性有可能增大。 【真题探秘】真题再现When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list, fur probably di

4、dnt cross your mind. But some ecologists and fashion(时装)enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠).Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles. “It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free furunless

5、 you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree, project director of Righteous Fur.Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail. Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month.Nutria w

6、ere brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there cant handle this non-native species(物种). Its destroying the environment. Its them or us,”says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades, but when the mark

7、et for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s, the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana. He says its not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green, but he has no doubt about it. Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tail

8、s a year, so part of Moutons job these days is trying to promote fur.Then theres Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions. Model Paige Morgan says, “To give people a guilt-free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on themI think thats going to be a massive thing, at least here in N

9、ew York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable. Shes trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.语篇解读文章介绍了一些生态学家和时装爱好者试图让海狸鼠毛皮重回市场及其原因。重难词块ecologist

10、n.生态学家enthusiast n.热衷于的人;热心者multiply v.(使)繁殖promote v.促进;推动;推销,促销option n.可选择的事物;选择come up with 提出长难句突破原句:Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.分析:本句为主从复合句。句中admits后面为宾语从句,省略了连接词that。在宾语从句中tha

11、t引导名词opinion的同位语从句。 译文:设计师珍妮弗安德森承认,她花了一段时间才改变观点,认为用海狸皮做她的作品在道德上是可以接受的。真题再现1.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn?A.To promote guilt-free fur.B.To expand the fashion market.C.To introduce a new brand.D.To celebrate a winter holiday.2.Why are scientists concerned about

12、nutria?A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously.B.Nutria are an endangered species.C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals.D.Nutria are illegally hunted.3.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A.Boomed.B.Became mature.C.Remained stable.D.Crashed.4.What can we infer abou

13、t wearing fur in New York according to Morgan?A.Its formal.B.Its risky.C.Its harmful.D.Its traditional.解题思路1.审题:根据题干中的the purpose可知本题考查主旨要义。2.解题:根据第一段第二句(不过,一些生态学家和时装爱好者正试图让海狸鼠毛皮市场复苏)以及第二段Cree McCree所说的话(除非你了解海狸鼠每年都在破坏大片的湿地,否则毫无愧疚地谈论毛皮听起来很不理智)可知答案为A项。1.审题:根据题干中的Why可知本题可能为细节理解或推理判断题。2.解题:根据第四段第一句可知海狸

14、鼠是由阿根廷引进的非本地物种,在结合Michael Massimi所说的话(那里的生态系统无法处理这个非本地物种,它正在破坏环境)可知A项正确。1.审题:本题为猜测词义题。2.解题:根据第五段中的but可知,上文(毛皮贸易控制了海狸鼠几十年)与下文存在转折关系,可推断出市场应该是“垮掉”了。故选D项。1.审题:根据题干中的关键词infer可知本题为推理判断题。2.解题:根据最后一段中Morgan说的话(给人们一个没有负罪感的选择,他们穿着皮草却没有人向他们泼油漆我觉得那将是一件大事,至少在纽约是这样)可判断B项正确。专题十三细节理解【方法集训】Exercise 1Capital City Bi

15、ke Tour in Washington,D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, C

16、ongress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线)make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour?A.Meet famous people. B.Go to a national park. C.Visit well-known museums. D.Enjoy interesting stories. 答案DExercise 2Gentle ocea

17、n wind takes the heat out of hot year-round temperatures, which has been the chief attraction to foreign retirees. Beautiful beaches and a booming economy also attract retirees to Panama. An income of $2,000 per month covers modest living costs. Furthermore, the country offers discounts to retirees

18、with a special visa.What is the main reason for retirees to choose Panama? A.Beautiful beaches.B.A booming economy.C.A pleasant climate.D.Discounts for retirees.答案CExercise 3Healing, Balance and Relaxing Massage(按摩) Therapies Focus on high-quality service and customer satisfaction!A variety of offer

19、ings to choose from!Relaxing massage:25/hour Hot stone massage:35/hour Deep tissue massage:30/hour Special offer!Add the Indian head massage for only extra 10! Phone:07432 256741 Two hours hot stone massage and extra Indian head massage will cost you. A.45B.80C.70D.35 答案BExercise 44Its cameras recor

20、d the day-to-day changes in your facial features so as to examine known markers of stress, anxiety and disease. A full 3-D facial scanner lets you know if youve gained or lost weight, and the oxygen levels in the blood. Finally, gas sensors measure your breath to determine how much you drink or smok

21、e, and if youre at risk of disease. 5And, of course, you can use it to get your hair just right, too. 6After gathering all this information, the Wize Mirror, which works like a touch screen computer, will display a score showing how healthy you appear. Itll also provide a few tips on how you can imp

22、rove your health. What is the working procedure of the Wize Mirror?a.Provide tips on how to improve ones health. b.Display a score showing how healthy one appears. c.Cameras record the daily changes in ones facial features. d.A full 3-D facial scanner tells about ones weight and the oxygen levels in the blood. e.Gas sensors measure ones breath to decide if ones falling ill. A.c-d-e-b-a.B.c-b-e-d-a. C.d-c-a-e-b.D.e-d-c-b-a.答案A