（江苏专用）2016届高考英语二轮复习课件：第二部分专题六 情态动词和虚拟语气 .ppt

1、怎么考在语篇中考查：1.情态动词的基本用法(情感、态度和推测)；2.某些情态动词的“偏义”用法，如：shall，must，wont等；3.虚拟语气的考查。怎么学在平时的阅读与学习中，注意情态动词的基本用法，掌握虚拟语气的句型公式。怎么解细心体会上下语境，把握作者或语篇中人物的情感态度，然后确定情态动词的选择。.体验考向1.(2015北京卷，29)Cant you stay a little longer?Its getting late.I really _ go now.My daughter is home alone.A.may B.canC.must D.dare答案C考查情态动词。句

2、意：你不能再多待一会儿吗？天要黑了。我现在真的必须走了。我的女儿一个人在家里呢。may可以，可能；can 能够，可以；must必须；dare 敢，敢于。故选C。2.(2015重 庆 卷，7)Without his wartime experiences，Hemingway _ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.A.didnt writeB.hadnt written C.wouldnt writeD.wouldnt have written答案D考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有战争时的经历，海明威就不会写出他的著名小说永别了，武器。该句使用了含有without

3、的含蓄虚拟语气，由语境知，这里 是 对 过 去 情 况 的 假 设，因 此 主 句 部 分 用would/could/should/mighthave done，故D项正确。3.(2015重 庆 卷，12)You _ be Carol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.A.must B.canC.will D.shall答案A考查情态动词。句意：你一定是卡萝尔，这些年以来你一点都没变。依据第二句可知，此处应用must表示很有把握的推测，意为“一定，肯定”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。4.(2015陕西卷，21)You _

4、feel all the training a waste of time，but Im a hundred percent sure later youll be grateful you did it.A.should B.need C.shall D.may答案D考查情态动词表推测的用法。句意：你可能觉得所有的培训都是浪费时间，但是我百分之百确定，你以后会为你这么做了而心存感激的。should表示推测时指“按常理应该”；need意为“需要”，常用于否定句或疑问句中；shall用于第二、三人称的陈述句，表示允诺、警告、威胁等语气；may表示推测时指“可能，或许”。由句意可知，此处表示语气不

5、强烈的推测，故用may。5.(2015天津卷，13)I wish I _ at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.A.will be B.would be C.have been D.had been答案D考查虚拟语气。句意：要是我上周二参加了我姐姐的婚礼那该多好啊，但是当时我在纽约出差。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气；由I was on a business trip.可知是对过去发生过的事情的虚拟，故要用过去完成时。6.(2014湖南卷，25)Ive prepared

6、 all kinds of food for the picnic.Do you mean we_bring anything with us?A.cant B.mustntC.shant D.neednt答案D考查情态动词。句意：我已为野餐准备了各种食物。你的意思是说我们不用带任何食物了吗？neednt不必，不需要，符合语境。7.(2014江 西 卷，30)Life is unpredictable；even the poorest_become the richest.A.shall B.must C.need D.might答案D考查情态动词。句意：生活是不可预知的，即使是最贫穷的人也有

7、可能变成最富有的人。might或许、可能，表示不确定的推测。shall应该，应当；must必须，一定；need需要。8.(2014江苏卷，31)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，_bring me food.A.might B.would C.should D.could答案C考查情态动词。句意：让我觉得难为情的是他们本身就很穷，竟然还给我带来食物。should表示惊讶，意为“竟然”，符合句意；might表示“可能，大概”；would表示意愿或者过去常常；could“能够”。9.(2014陕 西 卷，25)My book，The Hou

8、se of Hades，is missing.Who_have taken it?A.need B.must C.should D.could答案D考查情态动词。句意：我的书哈迪斯之屋不见了，谁有可能拿走了呢？need需要；must必须，表猜测时翻译为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中；should应该；could表示推测时，常用于否定句或疑问句中，翻译为“有可能”。故选D。10.(2014四川卷，6)I still remember my happy childhood when my mother_take me to Disneyland at weekends.A.might B.must C

9、.would D.should答案C考查情态动词。句意：我仍然记得我的快乐童年，那时母亲在周末常常带我去迪斯尼乐园。根据at weekends可知是过去经常性的行为，would表示“过去常常”。11.(2014北京卷，27)_I have a word with you?It wont take long.A.Can B.Must C.Shall D.Should答案A考查情态动词。句意：我能和你说句话吗？不会花费太长时间。此处can相当于may，在疑问句中表示征求对方的同意。12.(2014福建卷，32)_no modern telecommunications，we would have

10、to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.A.Were there B.Had there beenC.If there are D.If there have been答案A考查虚拟语气。句意：要是没有现代化的电信，我们不得不等好几个星期才能得到世界各地的消息。此处是省略if，将were提前的虚拟条件句，补充完整是：If there were no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait.，根据句意可知所述情况是与现在事实相反的假设，从句用一般过去时，系动词为were。13.

11、(2014浙江卷，16)They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out the investigation，or they_to our help.A.would have come B.could comeC.have come D.had come答案A考查虚拟语气。句意：我们在进行调查研究的几个月期间他们在国外，要不然他们就来帮助我们了。根据句中的谓语动词were abroad可知描述的是过去的事情，对过去的假设主句部分用would/could/should/might have done，故A项正确。14.(20

12、14陕西卷，23)We would rather our daughter_at home with us，but it is her choice，and she is not a child any longer.A.would stay B.has stayedC.stayed D.stay答案C考查虚拟语气。句意：我们宁愿女儿跟我们待在家里，但是那是她的选择，她已经不再是个孩子了。would rather后跟句子要用虚拟语气，如果是与现在或者将来的事实相反，用would rather sb did；如果与过去的事实相反，用would rather sb had done。根据句意可推知

13、是将来的情况，故选C。15.(2014北京卷，34)We_back in the hotel now if you didnt lose the map.A.are B.were C.will be D.would be答案D考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你没有丢掉地图我们现在已经回到旅馆了。由句意可知地图丢了，我们现在也没有在旅馆，因此前半句是和现在事实相反的虚拟语气，用would动词原形。.语境感悟完成下面短文，然后朗读或背诵，体会情态动词的用法。Miss Fang _1_(not)read for very long without getting a headache.Her mother

14、told her that she _2_ go to the Health Service and see a doctor.“You _3_ see a doctor as soon as possible，”she said.“You _4_ need glasses.”When Miss Fang had free time，she went to the Health Service.The appointment clerk said that the doctor _5_ see her at 3：30.Miss Fang replied that she _6_ not be

15、able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.“The doctor _7_ take you at about ten to four，”the appointment clerk suggested.“_8_ I put you down for ten to four，or _9_ you rather come tomorrow？”Miss Fang thought she _10_(not)waste any more time.The teacher _11_ be unhappy if she asked for pe

16、rmission to leave the class a little early，as he was always so kind to everyone.And she replied，“I think I _12_ make it at ten to four.”Miss Fang went to the class.She asked her teacher，“_13_ I leave at 3：45 today？I _14_ have an eye examination.”As expected，the teacher said，“Yes，of course you _15_.”

17、答案1.couldntcan表“能力，能够”，另外；cannot.too/enough表示“再也不过分”，“越越好”。2.should“应当”，表示义务、职责、建议等。3.should同2题解析。4.might此处表示推测，意为“或许”。5.could此处表示推测，意为“可能”。6.would此处表示“意志，意愿”。另外：would也可以表示过去的习惯性动作。7.might同4题解析。8.Shall同于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。9.wouldwould rather“宁可，宁愿”。10.shouldnt同2题解析。11.shouldnt此处表示推测。“不可能

18、，不应该”。12.can表示“能力，能够”。13.May/Could表示请求。14.must“务必，一定”。另外，must也可表示固执，意义为“偏偏，一定要”。15.can表示许可。.正反探究1.【误】The streets are all dry；it mustnt have rained last night.【正】The streets are all dry；it cant have rained last night.解析对某一事实的否定推测不能用mustnt，而要用 cant 或 couldnt 表示“不可能”。2.【误】I didnt see Mary at the meetin

19、g yesterday.She might be ill，I guess.【正】I didnt see Mary at the meeting yesterday.She might have been ill，I guess.解析猜测的事情发生在昨天，因此要用“情态动词 have done”的形式。当动词是 be 时，很容易忽略它的时态意义，要特别留意。3.【误】The fire spread through the hotel quickly，but everyone could get out.【正】The fire spread through the hotel quickly，bu

20、t everyone was able to get out.解析表示成功地做到了某事，肯定句中通常用was able to do sth。4.【误】Will I open the window for you?【正】Shall I open the window for you?解析shall 与第一、第三人称连用，表示征求意见或请求指示，这时不可用will。will通常与第二人称连用，即 Will you.?5.【误】Hadnt they saved us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】Had they not save

21、d us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.【正】If they had not saved us，we would have been drowned in the stormy river.解析当条件句中含有 were，had，should 等时，可省略if，从而把 were，had，should 提到主语之前。若条件句为否定句，则只把were，had，should 提前，not 仍放在主语之后。.考点确认1.常用情态动词的用法情态动词用法can/could表示能力can表示现在的能力，could表示过去的能力表示请求could不

22、表示过去，只表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用can表示可能性一般用在否定句及疑问句中，could也可用于肯定句may/might表示请求、允许might不表示过去，仅表示语气更加委婉客气表示可能性表示把握性不大的推测，不用于疑问句中；might表示的可能性比may更小表示祝愿may可以用来表示祝愿，但句子要用部分倒装固定用法may/might as well do sth“不妨做某事；还是做某事为好”will/would用于第二人称作主语的疑问句表示请求表示意志、决心或愿望表示客观上的习惯，will表示现在，would表示过去表示推测或猜想表示按规律“注定会”shall用在第一、三人称作主

23、语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见或请示用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示说话者命令、警告、许诺等的语气用在第三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示法律条文等的规定，意为“必须”should表示义务、责任、劝告或建议，意为“应该”，与ought to基本相同；should表示主观，ought to表示客观表示预测，意为“应该会；按理说；想必会”表示意外、惊讶、纳闷等感情色彩，意为“竟会；到底”2.need，dareneed意为“需要”，dare意为“敢”，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词，一般在疑问句和否定句中作情态动词用，在肯定句中作实义动词用。Need he go yesterday?No，he

24、 neednt.She dare not go out alone at night.3.“情态动词have done”的用法(1)“情态动词have done”表示推测情态动词有can，could，may，might，must，其后跟have done，表示对已经发生或完成的情况的推测。can仅用在否定句及疑问句中；must仅用在肯定句中；may/might不用于疑问句中。There is nowhere to find them.Where can they have gone?You cant have seen her in her office last Friday；shes be

25、en out of town for two weeks.He is upset.He must have been punished.Tom may have passed the driving test，but I am not sure about it.He might not have gone out because the lights on.(2)“情态动词have done”表示虚拟语气情态动词could，might，should，need(只用否定形式)等后接have done表示与事实相反的情况，一般意为“本(事实却不这样)”。Considering his abili

26、ty，he could have done it better.He might have given you more help，even though he was busy.You should have told me earlier.Im sorry，I shouldnt have been so rude to you.He neednt have gone to the station yesterday.4.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法(1)基本用法情况从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be的过去式用were)should/would/could/might动词原

27、形与过去事实相反had doneshould/would/could/mighthave done与将来事实相反过去式、should动词原形、were to动词原形should/would/could/might动词原形If I were you，I would do it another way.If I saw her now，I would be very happy.If he had taken my advice，he should have succeeded in the competition.If he should come here tomorrow，I should/

28、would talk to him.If it were to rain tomorrow，the football match would be put off.(2)含蓄虚拟语气有时非真实条件不是通过if引导的条件来表现的，而是通过一些词或短语来表示，如without，but for，otherwise，but等。I couldnt have finished the work on time without your help.But for your timely warning，we would have got into great trouble.(3)非真实条件句省略if的用法

29、如果非真实条件句中有had，were，should，就将had，were，should提前形成部分倒装，条件句中的if可以省略。Had he taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.Should it be sunny tomorrow，we would go hiking.Were there no air or water，there would be no living things on the earth.(4)在“suggest，order，demand，propose，command，request，require，insist，desire，urge，recommend”等动词的宾语从句以及would rather后，要用“(should)动词原形”来表示愿望、建议、命令、要求等；由上述动词派生或转化的名词的同位语从句或表语从句中也要用相应的虚拟形式。