高中英语语法专题复习课件--主谓一致(共35张PPT).ppt

1、复习重点1.主谓一致主要遵循三个原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致。2.分数、百分数、不定式、动词-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致。基础知识一、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。一般遵循下列原则：1.语法一致原则：主语和谓语在人称和数上一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。2.意义一致原则：谓语的单复数取决于主语的意义。有时主语形式上为单数，但意义上却是复数，那么谓语根据意义也用复数形式；有时主语形式上为复数，但意义上却是单数，那么谓语根据意义应用单数形式。3.就近一致原则：谓语动词的形式与邻近的主语在人称和数上一致，如“

2、There be 句型”即适用这一原则。二、主谓一致的具体应用1.名词作主语1)集合名词作主语，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的这类名词有：army,audience,class,family,team,crowd,staff,committee,enemy,government,population等。有些集合名词如cattle,people,police等，通常看作复数，谓语动词必须用复数。e.g.The team is the best in the league.The team are driving to the game in the

3、ir own cars.（team 意为“队员们”）The police are also looking for a second car.2)单复数同形的名词作主语，应根据其意义来决定谓语形式，常见的这类名词有：deer,fish,sheep,Chinese,Japanese,means,works（工厂）等。e.g.The only means of communication between them was sign language.All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.3)表示单数概念的

4、复形名词，如：学科（maths，physics等）、机构、书名、剧名等作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。e.g.Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school.The Times is Britains oldest national daily.4)表成双成对的名词作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，有：trouser,shoe,chopstick,sunglass等。但如果其前有a pair of,a kind of等修饰时，谓语动词一般用单数。e.g.A pair of trousers is on the bed.M

5、y blue trousers have worn out.5)当名词短语中心词为表示距离、金额、时间等的复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。e.g.Seven kilometers was covered in two hours.Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.Ten minutes was given to prepare the answer.6)“the+形容词或过去分词”结构作主语时，如表示一类可数的人或事物，谓语动词用复数，这类词有wounded,rich,unemployed,blind

6、等。e.g.The unemployed lead a miserable life.7)“more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语，谓语动词通常用单数形式；“more+复数名词+than one”作主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。e.g.There is more than one answer to your question.Many a critic is satisfied with the play.More boxes than one have been used at the station.8)“分数或百分数+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的单复数

7、取决于of 后名词的数。e.g.Only one third of the work was done yesterday.Three fourths of the students come to school on time.2.代词作主语1)由代词each,every one,no one,either,neither,another以及合成代词something,anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,everyone作主语时，谓语动词均用单数。e.g.Two boys e

8、ntered.Each was carrying a suitcase.Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in.2)关系代词who,that,which 等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与先行词的数一致。e.g.David is one of those people who have trouble making up their minds.（先行词是people）He is the only one of the students who was late this morning.（当one 前有 the only 时，先行词是one）3

9、)all,most,none,some 等作主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据它们所代替的内容来定。e.g.All who have studied this question have come to the same conclusion.None is more qualified for the task than he.3.由连接词连接的名词或代词作主语1)用and或both.and.连接并列主语，如果意义为复数，谓语动词通常用复数。但由and连接的并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式，这时and后面的可数名词不带冠词。e.g.Both the secret

10、ary and the manager have agreed to be present.Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.There is a watch and chain on the table.（watch and chain 带链的表）2)当主语后跟有说明主语的修饰语，如用with,as well as,along with,rather than,together with,including,in addition to与修饰语连接时，谓语动词的人称

11、和数与主语保持一致。e.g.The missing things,as well as the bag,have been found and returned to the owner.3)由or,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等连接的名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词要与邻近的主语相一致。e.g.Either his brother or his friends are wrong.Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4.从句及非谓语动词作主语

12、1)名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但如果是两个或两个以上的从句由and连接表两个概念时，谓语动词用复数。另外，what从句作主语时，谓语动词的数由其表示的意义来决定。e.g.Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.You need not get any more stamps.What we have ar

13、e quite sufficient.2)动词-ing形式短语或不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。e.g.Smoking/To smoke is a bad habit.用括号内单词的正确形式填空。1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43._(be)often acceptable.（2016新课标全国卷II）2.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and69._(be)too violent for use at the table.（201

14、6新课标全国卷III）iswere3.It is important to remember that success _ a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ years of achieve.【2015湖南】A.is;takes B.are;takes C.are;take D.is;takeAI.选用am,is,are,was,were 填空。1.As you can see,the instructions for downloading software from the Internet _ confusing for m

15、any people.2.The chief editor together with his editors _ now discussing the new law about newspapers that _ newly published last month.areiswas3.There _ still seventeen people ahead of me in the bank line,which drove me crazy.4.I,who _ your deskmate now,hope we can help each other with our studies.

16、5.It s a good time to buy things,because everything on those shelves _ on sale.wereamis6.Nobody but doctors or nurses _ allowed to enter the patients room now.7.Nowadays,rent and car insurance _ my biggest expenses each month.8.The manager and designer _ to give some suggestions for the design of th

17、e new building tomorrow.isareisII.用括号内动词的正确形式填空。I used to think there 1._(be)few tasks more difficult than picking out birthday presents for my friends.Since my husband and I dont have much extra money,expensive gifts are out,and the household goods on sale at K-Mart 2._(be)not the kinds of presents

18、 theyd enjoy getting.wereareBut birthday shopping has become simpler since I decided that everybody really 3._(like)toys.Children s catalogs and novelty(新颖小巧物品的)shops 4._(be)where I do my buying.Up to now,my favorites of the whole toy collection 5._(be)the rubber stamp sets.One of them 6._(contain)f

19、unny pictures of parts of faces:eyes,ears,noses,and so on.likesarehave beencontainsWith it,anyone 7._(become)a cartoonist,creating silly faces to decorate all kinds of things.To another friend 8._(send)flying saucers that fly into the air when you pull their strings.There 9._(be)now saucers all over the roof of her apartment building,and she tells me her neighbors have no idea where the saucers came from.becomeswere sentareI m actually looking forward to shopping for another friend s birthdayI think a couple of trick hand buzzers(蜂鸣器)and a glow-in-the-dark yo-yo 10._(be)what well buy next.are