高中英语（人教版选修10）课件：UNIT1 NOTHING VENTURED,NOTHING GAINED WORD版含解析.ppt

1、Unit1Nothing ventured,nothing gainedReadingChoose the correct answer to each question.l Why did Blackborow think that being young,fit and energetic would encourage Shackleton to take him on the trip?A Shackleton liked young people who were fit and energetic.B It would be cold and Shackleton would ne

2、ed young,energetic people to do difficult jobs.C Shackleton wanted people who were fit but not trained in useful skills.1)Blackborow would not have gone unless he was young and energetic.2 Why did Shackleton accept Perce when he found him hiding in the ship after the voyage had started?A He didnt ha

3、ve time to turn round and take him back to England.B He admired his courage and encouraged him to stay.C He felt angry but could not show it so he accepted die boy.D He made the best of the situation.3 Why did Shackleton not show how disappointed he was when the ship sank?A He thought he could alway

4、s organize another expedition.B He knew it would be easier to cross Antarctica without the ship C He felt the men would need encouraging after this disaster.D He had already taken all necessary supplies from the shipUsing languageShackletons problems How he overcame them 1 To make sure that the grou

5、p left behind had the best chance of survival The choice of his party:He took the best navigator and the most difficult crew members so that he left the optimistic and most co-operative people behind.2 How to arrive safely on South Georgia The quality of the navigation:Despite terrible seas the navi

6、gator checked the ships position only three times but managed to arrive safely.3 He arrived on the wrong side of South Georgia.The perseverance of the party:They crossed the mountains sometimes sliding on their bottoms and arrived safely.Grammar1.He slept on firewood and straw to remind him of his s

7、ufferings.（P1）【解析】remind提醒，使想起，使记起。【考查方向】和一些意思相近的动词辨析，考查remind的用法：remind sb of sth/sb；remind sb to do sth；remind sb that。【真题再现】In our childhood,we were often _ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.(江苏2005)A.demanded B.reminded C.allowed D.hopedWhat you said just now _ me of that American

8、 professor.（上海2000春）A.mentioned B.informed C.reminded D.memorized【点拨】demand要求，需要；remind提醒；allow允许；hope希望。句意：小时候，我们经常被祖母提醒注意餐桌礼仪。首先，能带动词不定式做补足语的只有remind 和allow；其次，根据语境判断，此处应理解为“被提醒要做”。故选B。本题考查了remind sb of sb(sth)句式。句意：你刚才所说的话使我想起了那位美国教授。选C。2.Shacklenton was one of the most famous explorers of his da

9、y and it was considered a great honour to be part of any of his expeditions.(P2)【解析】本句是consider的被动语态。它改为主动语态是：consider sb to be。句中consider意为“认为、以为”，后接动词不定式作宾补时，常用to be，如果接行为动词时，则用to have done作宾补，通常不跟 to do sth.。【考查方向】consider作“考虑”讲时，后接动名词形式作宾语；consider作“认为”解时，常用于consider sb to be或consider sb to have

10、 done sth结构（谓语动词常用被动式）。【真题再现】Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer.（全国1993）A.to have invented B.inventing C.to invent D.having invented【点拨】consider用于被动语态，后接动词不定式的完成时，表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前。选A。3.“Hold on now,Perce.Dont you go turning into another Tom,”comes the reply.（P2）【解析】hold on继续，继续

11、坚持；忍受。【考查方向】hold on常用于口语中，表示“抓住，继续，（电话）别挂断，继续坚持；忍受。”【真题再现】Hello,John here.Can I speak to Mary,please?_.（上海2000春）A.Of course,but shes outB.She will be back in a moment C.You may leave a messageD.Hold on,please【点拨】根据上下文对话内容可知，这是找约翰接电话，第二个人说：“别挂断，我去给你喊。”故答案为D。4.With no trees growing on Antarctica and n

12、o oil,the only fuel we could use was seal fat.(P9)【解析】with常构成“with+宾语+宾补”的复合结构，在句中作状语或定语。【考查方向】作宾补的常有名词、形容词、介词短语、过去分词、现在分词形式、动词不定式等，但过去分词表示已完成的动作或状态，它与宾语构成被动关系；动名词形式表示正在进行的动作或状态，它与宾语构成主动关系；动词不定式表示动作还没有发生。【真题再现】I couldnt do my homework with all that noise _.（北京2005）A.going on B.goes on C.went on D.to

13、 go on_ and no way to reduce her pain and suffering from the terrible disease,the patient sought her doctors help to end her life.（2005江西）AHaving given up hope of cureBWith no hope for cureCThere being hope for cureDIn the hope of cure【点拨】本题须重点注意的是with 是介词，而非连词，所以它后面不能接句子；再者，noise和go on 构成主动关系，表示伴随，

14、所以用动词-ing形式作状语。答案为A。本题关键在于考虑到and的用法及句子的意思，由and前后结构一般大致可知，应选B。5.As one of our group,Lionel Greenstreet noted in his diary after a few weeks how bored he was with the meals.(P9)【解析】感叹句充当宾语从句。【考查方向】感叹句有两种句式：how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!what+a(an)+(形容词)+名词+主语+谓语!感叹句充当宾语从句时，仍用感叹语序。【真题再现】Parents are taught to unde

15、rstand _ important education is to their childrens future.（2004广东）A.that B.howC.such D.soI was surprised by her words,which made me recognize _ silly mistakes I had made.（湖南2005）A.what B.that C.how D.which 【点拨】属于第一种句式：how+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!答案为B。属于第二种句式：what+a(an)+名词+主语+谓语!或what+形容词+名词+主语+谓语!答案为A。Exerc

16、ises1.Nowadays more and more people think it challenging to _ on dangerous journeys.A.risk B.struggle C.venture D.fight2.The expedition team suffered beyond _ when they got lost in the heavy forest.A.courage B.endurance C.perseverance D.rank3.The story of rescue was so touching that all the students

17、 were listening with _ attention.A.breathless B.soundless C.speechless D.delayless4.Luckily,most blind people _ good senses of hearing and touch.A.bless withB.are blessed withC.bless inD.are blessed in5.It was reported that all 224 passengers _ died in the air-crash.A.boarding B.boarded C.on aboardD

18、.aboard6.The door fell down and _ the vase beside it to pieces.A.pressed B.pushed C.crashed D.crushed7.It was doubtlessly _ for the kids to play the same game all day long.A.discouraging B.discouraged C.boring D.bored8.This kind of coal _ a lot of smoke when _.A.sends off;burnt B.sends off;burning C

19、.gives off;burnt D.gives off;burning9.Despite the failure of his experiments,the scientist _ in his research.A.stuck B.insisted C.persevered D.continued10.The government is _ building more boarding schools in the countryside.A.advising B.advocatingC.arguingD.proposing11.How did he carry the badly in

20、jured lady to the hospital?_.A.It was of great care B.It was careful enoughC.It was great care D.It was with great care12.-Is Mr.Fan there?There is something I really need to talk to him about.-No,he is out._?A.Whats that B.What do you want to say C.Can I take a message for him D.Can you trust me13.

21、-Watch!-I _ but I _ anything unusual.A.watched;have watched B.have watched;see C.was watching;wasnt seeing D.am watching;dont see14.She became the first black woman to be _ to the Senate.A.selected B.elected C.chosen D.picked out15.The patient is supposed to go to the hospital for _ checks.A.common

22、B.normal C.regular D.usualLanguage points 1 I try to think of happier things：warm and dry clothes，a cosy bedroom，sunny days，my mothers face and the celebration we will get when we return，for I am part of failed expedition that tried to cross the continent of Antarctica，something that had never been

23、done before我尝试着想一些快乐的事情：温暖和干爽的 衣服、舒适的卧室、阳光灿烂的日子、妈妈的脸庞 以及返家后得到的庆贺，因为我是试图横穿南极大 陆的一次失败探险活动的成员之一，这种事以前还 没有人做过。值得注意的是，本句中出现了多种形式(如单 词、词组、分词、从句)的定语。for所引导的是 一个原因状语从句。expedition既可指“为特定目标而进行的团体 旅行或考察”，例如：a scientific expedition to the South Pole(对南极的科学考察)，叉可指“参加 考察的团队”。在本句中，expedition取第二种意义，即“探险队，远征队”。如：The

24、 expedition successfully reached the top of Mt Qomolongma探险队员们成功登上珠穆朗玛峰的峰 顶。An expedition was sent to photograph wild animals in Africa一支探险队被派往非洲拍摄野生动物。2Our circumstances are so desperate that it is Uncertain whether we will ever return alive我们的境 况让人绝望，谁也不清楚会不会活着回去。circumstance常用复数，表示“环境l情况形 势”。如：Th

25、e circumstances of this case are unusual这件 案子的情况很不寻常。Due to certain circumstances beyond our control，We have been forced to close the exhibition for the next two days 由于某些不可拉因素，我们不得不在未来两天 关闭展览会。常见短语有：in/under no circumstances意思是“决不无 论如何也不”。如：Under no circumstances will China be the first to use nucl

26、ear weapons中国决不首先使用核武器。She wont give up in any circumstances在任何 情况下她都不会屈服。in，under the circumstances表示“在这种情况 下；因为这种情况”。如：Its amazing that they did so well under the circumstances他们在这种情况下表现得如此出色，实在令人惊叹。In exceptional circumstances students may take exams at other times如遇特殊情况，学生可在其他 时段考试。alive(adj)意思是

27、“活着的活泼的”。这里 涉及到一个语法难点，即形容词作伴随状语，说明 状态，而不是方式。如：As soon as the king died，the queen was buried alive皇帝一死，皇后就被活埋。Make sure that he is captured alive一定要活捉他。其它形容词作伴随状语的例子有：Suddenly he fell on the ground dead突然，他倒地而死。He went to bed，cold and hungry他上床睡觉时 觉得又冷又饿。3So it was with great excitement one morning i

28、n July l914 that I read this advertisement：所以在1914 年7月的一个早晨，我是怀着无比激动的心情读以 下这则广告的：这旬是强调句型，正常语序是：I read this advertisement with great excitement one morning in Jnlyl914 4 On January l8th，1915 the Endurance became stuck in pack ice(which can be solid or broken into huge floating pieces of ice)as we app

29、roached Antarctica 1915年1月18日，正当我们接近南极洲之时，“持久号”被海上的浮冰(有的坚硬无比，有的破裂成若干块巨大的冰块漂浮在水上)卡住了。、stuck是stick的过去分词，意思是“被固定、卡住、塞住或阻住”。如：The bus was stuck in the mud公共汽车陷在泥 里动不了了。The key stuck in the lock钥匙卡在锁里拔不出 来。He got stuck in traffic for an hour and missed the train他被堵在路上一个小时，误了火车。pack ice是一个固定短语，意思是“海上大浮 冰”

30、(an expanse of large pieces off floating ice driven together into an early continuous mass)5 I believe Shackleton must have mourned this unexpected end to his expedition，but he did not waste time on regrets我相信沙克尔顿肯定会对这次探险 意想不到的结局而痛心，但他没并有把时间浪费在 遗憾和悔恨中。must have表示对过去事情的猜测，而且是很 有把握的猜测。如：He looked grea

31、t He must have enjoyed his holiday他看上去气色很好，他一定是度过了一个开心 的假期。My coat isnt there Someone must have taken it by mistake我的外套不在那儿，准是有人拿错了。6 Soon Shackleton set out the framework for our life here：no differences in rank or in social status；everyone to keep busy；a fair division of food and bedding；and a con

32、certi for削1不久沙克尔顿给我们 这里的生活列出了规矩：取消级别和社会地位上的 差异，每个人都得忙起来公平分配食物和卧具，关心每一个人。set out在本句中的意思是“清楚而详细地解释 或描绘”(to explain，describe，or arrange something in a clear and detailed way，especially in writing)。如：The reasons for my decision are set out in my report我在报告里逐项列出了做出该决定的原因。He set out his plans for the depa

33、rtment in his report他在报告中详细陈述了他对部门发展的计划 set out还有其它的意义：认真着手(做某事)；出发，陈列或摆设。如：When we set out on this project，we knew it would be successful当我们着手做这个项目时，我们就知 道它一定会成功。After a short rest，we set out again稍作休息后，我们再次出发。Please set out the chairs for the meeting in rows of ten请把开会要用的椅子摆成十个一排。词语联想set about(sth

34、)着手(某项工作)setback妨碍，阻碍set down把 放下来set in(气候、季节等)开始set off动身，出发发射set up竖起I创立 7 The danger of what lay ahead of them，the chances of them ever returning to find us，the fear that We might never know their fate and possible delays，at First made us feel low and discouraged起初，他们将 面临的危险、回来寻找我们的机会，以及害怕再也 无从知

35、晓他们的命运和可能的耽搁，都使我们情绪 低落、沮丧不已。本句的主语由三个名词词组并列组成，the danger，the chancesThe fear，但值得注意的 是，三个名词词组后面的短语或从句结构的语法功 能不尽相同：of what lay ahead of them是danger的 定语，of them ever returning to finds是chances的 定语，that引导的从旬是修饰fear的同位语从句。8 If this stands for a period of time its salt disappears and it becomes fresh water

36、 suitable for drinking如果冰块溶化了一段时间，水里面的盐分 就会消失，之后变成适于饮用的淡水。stand在这里的意思是“使(液体)保持静止不 动，静置沉淀”。如：Leave the water to stand overnight让水沉淀一 晚。Stand the mixture for 20 minutes and see what happens将混合溶液静置20分钟，看看会发生什么 变化。9 We could also eat the remains when the fire died down火熄灭后我们也可以吃剩下的东西。值得注意的是remains并不是r咖甜

37、n的复数，remain,有动词意义，而无名词意义。remains是一 个复数形式的名词，意思是“剩余物；遗迹；遗体；残骸”。如：the remains of a meal残羹剩饭the remains of an army残兵败将His remains are buried in the churchyard他的尸 体葬在教堂的墓地里。die down的意思是“渐弱；渐熄”(to become less strong or violent)。如：The wind died down风势渐渐弱了下来。The excitement soon died down那股兴奋劲儿 渐渐冷了下来。词语联想d

38、ie away(声音、风、光等)渐渐减弱，甚 至停止die o行 c有生命的群体)一个接一个地死去die out (家族、种族、习俗、观念等)完全 消失一绝种 10 As a chef,it was my duty to clean and cook these animals so 1 was soon being encouraged to vary the meals in whatever way I could It was difficult作 为厨子，我的责任就是把这些动物清洗干净并做成 熟肉。没过多久，他们就不断鼓动我想方设法变化 伙食的花样。这可真不容易。chef和cook都

39、有“厨师”的意思，但chef多指“厨技高超的男性厨师，主厨”，而cook则泛指 “烹调食物的人”。如：He works as a chef in a restaurant他在一家餐馆当厨师。Who is the cook in your family?在你们家谁做饭?这里有两个it，所指代的对象不同。第一个it是形式主语，指代to clean and cook these animals，而第二个it是代词，指代前旬中的to vary the meals in whatever way I could。vary意思是“改变，变化使多样化”，既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。如：The temp

40、erature varies from time to time温度时有变化。The teacher was advised to vary his teaching methods有人建议这位老师改变一下教学方法。Mom is a good cook；she varies the meals so that Whenever get tired of eating at home：妈妈是个好厨师。她总是变换饭菜的口味，所以我们从不厌烦在家吃 饭。11 It was almost as dangerous to become too hot from wearing too many clot

41、hes as to become too cold from wearing too few穿衣服太多而太热同穿得太 少而太冷差不多一样危险。这个句子比较的是两个不定式短语，意思是：To become too hot from wearing too many Clothes was almost as dangerous as to become too cold from wearing too few 12 Our optimism and faith in Shackleton had Helped us persevere in staying alive and he had re

42、paid us By is commitment to return and save us from a slow but painful death乐观和对沙克尔顿的信任帮助我们坚 持顽强地活了下来，他给我们的回报则是承诺返回 岛上，并且把我从缓慢而又痛苦的死亡中解救出 来。persevere的意思是“坚持；忍耐”，不及物动 词，后面常接In或with。如：He perseveres in his studies他孜孜不倦地学 习。She persevered with her piano lessons她持之以 恒地努力学钢琴。The police will persevere with

43、 their efforts to Investigate the crime警方会尽全力将这起犯罪案件 调查到底。repay的意思是“回报；报答；偿还”。如：When do you think you will be able to repayus7 你认为你什么时候能还我们钱?I couldnt find a way of repaying the familys kindness我不知该如何报答这一家人的好意。常见搭配repay sb for sth因为(某事)而报答(某人)repay sb withby doing sth(以某种方式)回 报(某人)。如：Well never be a

44、ble to repay you for everything you,ve done for us我们永远也无法报答你为我们所 做的一切。She tried to be a good teacher，and the students repaid her with their love and respect她努力想当一名 好老师，而学生也以爱和尊敬回报她。After I have done so much for you how can you repay me by lying to me?我为你付出这么多，你怎么能用谎话来回报我?commitment的意思是“承诺责任约束”。如：Wev

45、e made a commitment to helpand we will 我们已经答应帮忙，我们一定说到做到。I cant d0 this job right now because of other commitments因为还有别的事要做，目前我不能做 这项工作。Hecould9tgoonholidaywithusbecauseofwork commitments他公务缠身，不能和我们一起去度 假。Grammar:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的。充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句.定语一般用在所修饰词前，当然也存在后置的，如从句，对所修饰词期限定或修饰作用。a

46、ll students go to school all作students的定语，起限定作用，意思是“所有的”学生都去学校，而不是“一部分”。英语句子中修饰名词，代词或其它名词化了词的句子成分叫定语。充当定语的有:形容词、代词、名词、分词、介词短语或副词和从句.定语的位置一般有两种：用在所修饰词之前的叫前置定语，用在所修饰词之后的叫后置定语。单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。1）定语前置在英语里,一般定语前置时的次序为:限定词，形容词、分词、动名词和名词性定语。但当几个形容词同时出现在名词短语之前,我们要注意其次序。其形容词遵

47、循的词序为：限观形龄色国材，指：限定词（一般指数量）；外观（美丽等）；形状（大小，高矮，肥瘦）；年龄；颜色；国籍；材料；用途。如：a famous American universityan interesting little red French oil paintinga new plastic bucketpurple velvet curtainsan elegant German clock 另外,有些形容词也有特殊的次序:1)描述身体特征的形容词先于表示情感和性格特征的形容词例如:a small lovely girl,a long patient queue,a pale an

48、xious patient;2)表示颜色的形容词放在表示情感和性格特征的形容词之后例如:a kindly black teacher,an inquisitive brown dog;3)little,old 和young 有时可以作为名词短语不可分割的一部分,所以可以直接放在名词之前,例如:a lovely little girl 表示性格特征的形容词可以放在old young 之前,也可放在old young 之后,例如:a young ambitious man(强调年龄),an ambitious young man(强调雄心勃勃)。当然,三个以上形容词连用作定语,就显得累赘,因此上面

49、所说的情况一般较少出现.2）定语后置（1）短语作定语一般后置It was a conference fruitful of results.那是一个硕果累累的会议。He gave me a basket full of eggs.他给我一个装满鸡蛋的篮子。English is a language easy to learn but difficult to master.英语是一门容易学但是难精通的语言。The boys hardest to teach are all in his class.最难教的男生都在他的班里了。（2）修饰some，any，no，every等词构成的不定代词的定语

50、都后置Lets go somewhere quiet.咱们去找个安静一点的地方吧。There is nothing important in todays paper.今天报纸上没有什么重要的东西。Do you have anything more to say?你还有什么话要说吗?（3）副词作定语The people here are very friendly.这里的人很友好。They lived in the room above.他们住在楼上的房间。（4）动词、名词转化而来的以-able,-ible 结尾的形容词作定语He is a person dependable.他是一个可以依靠

51、的人This is the only transportation means available.这是唯一可行的交通工具。（5）起强调用的单个分词Everybody involved should stay here.The college mentioned.3.定语从句英语里有大量的定语从句,而汉语里却没有定语从句的说法。英语中定语从句中甚至还可能包含定语从句,即多重定语从句。如：A healthy diet includes enough but not too many kinds of foods that provide the body with the nutrients t

52、hat it needs to function properly.(健康的饮食包括的食物应该充足但又不过多。这些食物提供身体正常活动所必需的营养)1）英语的复合句中,分句以其主句为基干,通过连接手段,一层一层地展开,就好像一棵树的树干上长出大枝子,大枝子上再长出小枝子。汉语的分句则更多按照时间发生的顺序出现,依次展开。如：“伟大领袖和导师毛主席领导中国共产党进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争,建立了新中国,人民得到了解放,科学得到了解放。”这句话,译成英语便成了With the founding of new China(which was)born of arduous struggles(which

53、were)waged by the Chinese Communist Party(which was)under the leadership of our great leader and teacher Chairman Mao,our people,and science as well,won emancipation.（王良兰，2003）2）英语中的非限制性定语从句所表达的信息,在汉语里一般由另一个小句来表达。例如:She asked for his help which he gladly gave.她要求他帮忙,他愉快地帮助了她。再如:It was a century during which the country suffered continuously from wars.一个世纪过去了,在这期间这个国家不断遭受战乱之苦。Thank you!