2022届高考英语语法精讲精练 微专题 主谓一致（含解析）.docx

1、2022届英语语法精讲精练微专题（主谓一致）考点清单一、就远一致 要点精讲：主语后面跟有下列介词或介词短语with，along with，together with, as well as, rather than, including, like, but, except，谓语动词在人称与数上应与前边的主语一致。例1：No one but John and his teachers knows the truth of the experiment.例2：Tom as well as two of his friends was invited to my forty-ninth birth

2、day party last Friday.例3：Alice, together with her friends, was praised for having won honor for their school.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. (2019江苏改编) The musician along with his band members _(give) ten performances in the last three months. 2. (2019天津改编)Amy, as well as her brothers, _ (give) a welcome w

3、hen returning to the village last week. 3. (2017天津改编)Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, _(regard) as one of the best all-round forms of exercise. 【答案与解析】1. has given。in the last three months常与现在完成时连用；along with his band members是介词短语，真正主语是The musician。故答案是has given。2. was given。last

4、week常与一般过去时连用；as well as her brothers表示“也，而且”，谓语与真正的主语Tom保持一致，单数意义，又是被动语态。故答案是was given。3. is regarded。Nowadays常与一般现在时连用；along with jogging and swimming是介词短语，真正主语是cycling，单数意义，又是被动含义。故答案是is regarded。考点清单二、就近一致 要点精讲1：并列连词eitheror, neithernor, notbut, not onlybut also等连接并列主语时，谓语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例4：Is

5、either he or you not telling the truth?例5：Not only you but also she is to blame for the traffic accident.例6：Neither the leader nor the farmers are responsible for the heavy losses.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。4. Either you or one of your students _ (be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 5. Not on

6、ly I but also David and Iris _ (be) fond of playing basketball.6._ (be) either he or you to host the Talent Show in our school this year?【答案与解析】4. is。eitheror表示“或者或者”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是one of your students，单数意义。be to do表示按计划将要发生，故答案是is。5. are。not onlybut also表示“不但而且”，这里距离谓语最近的主语是David and Iris，复数意义。故答案是ar

7、e。6. Is。neithernot表示“既不也不”，本句是一般疑问句，因此谓语的一部分移到句首，距离谓语最近主语是he，单数意义。故答案是Is。要点精讲2：There be句型及The following句型语应与最近的主语保持人称和数的一致。例7：There is a pencil and two dictionaries on the desk.例8：There are two dictionaries and a pencil on the desk.例9：The following is the information about plays which will be on the

8、se days.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。7. The following _ (be) some other examples for you to refer to.8. There _(be) millions of websites on the Internet and there _(be) a lot of useful information on the websites.9. Between the two rows of trees _(stand) the newly built teaching building.【答案与解析】7. are。The

9、following.属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。本句主语是some other examples，故答案是are。8. are; is。There be句型属于倒装句，be动词应与后边的主语单复数保持一致。两句主语分别是millions of websites和a lot of useful information，故答案是are; is。9. stands。本句是介词短语位于句首构成倒装句，真正的主语是the newly built teaching building，单数意义。故答案是stands。考点清单三、意义一致 要点精讲1：family, class, com

10、mittee, team, group, crew, audience等集体名词强调整体谓语用单数，强调成员谓语用复数。例10：The football team is made up of 23 members. 例11：The football team are taking their training course on the playground. 例12：All the crewareon boardexcept the electrician.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。10. Her family_ (be) larger than mine and her

11、family _ (watch) TV now.11. After hearing his inspiring speech, the audience _(move) by his story and his words.12. The committee _ (make) up of 20 members, who _ (be) all experts in medicine.【答案与解析】10. is；are watching。该句意为：他们家庭比我们家大，现在她的家人们正在看电视。第一空family指整体，单数；第二空指家庭成员，应用复数。故答案是is；are watching。11.

12、 were moved。根据语境逻辑应用一般过去时的被动语态；这里强调观众们，强调成员，应用复数形式。故答案是were moved。12. is made; are。be made up of表示“由组成”；the committee这里强调整体，单数意义。第二空是定语从句，先行词是20 members，复数意义，故答案是is made; are。要点精讲2：某些集体名词如people, police, cattle, oxen谓语动词必须用复数。例13：The police are searching the forest for the eight escaped prisoners.例1

13、4：The cattleareroundedupin the evenings every day.例15：The Chinese peopleare characterizedby modesty.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。13. The police _(search) for the murderer everywhere when he suddenly appeared in a theatre.【答案与解析】13. were searching。was/were doingwhen是固定句型，表示“正在做某事这时发生另一件意外的事”；police表示警察总称，复数

14、意义。故答案是were searching。要点精讲3：单复数同形的名词(sheep, deer, works, means, species, Chinese, Japanese )等作主语时，谓语动词应根据其意义或限定词决定单、复数。例16：Thisspecieshasnearlydied outbecauseits habitatis beingdestroyed.例17：Such a chemical works is to be closed by the local government next year.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。14. Every possi

15、ble means _(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.15. All possible means _(try) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear.【答案与解析】14. has been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词every,单数意义，故答案是has been tried。15. have been tried。means用作名词，表示“方式

16、；方法”，单复数同形。本句中means前边有限定词all,复数意义，故答案是have been tried。要点精讲4：the + 形容词（或分词）主语表示一类人时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。例18：The living are trying their best to rescue those trapped in the ruins.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。16. The elderly _ (take)good care of in

17、our country at present.【答案与解析】16. are taken。结合语境应用被动语态；at present暗示用一般现在时；The elderly相当于The elderly people，复数意义，故答案是are taken。要点精讲5：名词短语作主语表示时间、距离、金钱、机构、书籍等概念时，谓语动词常用单数。例19：Eight hours of sleep is enough for a child.例20：The United Nations was founded on October 24, 1945.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。17. (20

18、17江苏改编)The publication of Great Expectations, which _(be) both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.18. Three years_(pass) since they met last time, and for them, three years_(be) really a long time.【答案与解析】17. was。Great Expectations是英国小说家狄更斯的名著远大前程，表

19、示书籍、单位等概念应视为单数；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是was。18. has passed; is。前半句since应与现在完成时连用；时间、距离、金钱类名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数；第二空仍是单数意义，故答案是has passed; is。考点清单四：语法一致 要点精讲1：不定式、动名词和从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。例21：Why he was absent from the meeting yesterday is being questioned.例22：Planning so far ahead makes no sense-so many things will have c

20、hanged by next year.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。19. What we used to think _(be) impossible now does seem possible. 20. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _(cause) hearing loss in some teenagers. 21. When and where to build the new factory _(not, decide) yet.22. What we need _ (be) enough water, but

21、what they need _ (be) houses.【答案与解析】19. was。used to do表示“过去常常会”，因此谓语应用一般过去时；同时从句作主语位于应用单数，故答案是was。20. has caused。动名词短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数，结合语境应用现在完成时，故答案是has caused。21. isnt decided /hasnt been decided。动词不定式短语作主语，谓语动词应用单数；结合语境应用被动语态，故答案是isnt decided /hasnt been decided。22. is; are。What引导主语从句且其解释作用，谓语动词应与be

22、动词后面名词单复数保持一致，故答案是is; are。要点精讲2：分数,百分数,some ,all, most, the rest等修饰名词时,谓语动词与修饰的名词单复数保持一致。例23：Most of his income has been spent on books. 例24：What is the population of your country? 例25：Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。23. The company had ab

23、out 20 notebook computers but only one-third _ (use) regularly. Now we have 60 working all day long. 24. One-third of the country_(cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens _ (be) black people.25. 40% of the population in that country _(be) young, and two thirds of them _(not) know how to r

24、ead and write. 【答案与解析】23. were used。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致；这里one third后面省略了of 20 notebook computers，复数意义；结合语境应用一般过去时，故答案是were used。24. is covered; are。分数作主语，谓语动词应与后面中心名词单复数保持一致，本句分数后面中心名词是the country，单数意义；be covered with是固定词组；the majority of短语作主语，也与中心名词一致；这里是the citizens，应用复数。故答案是is covered; are。

25、25. are; dont。population作主语，谓语常用单数；若population被百分数、分数修饰谓语动词应用复数，故答案是are; dont。要点精讲3：and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果并列主语指同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each,every,或no修饰时， 其谓语要用单数形式。例26：A cart and horse was seen in the direction of the town.例27：Many a boy and many a girl has made the same mi

26、stake in the math exam.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。26. A poet and artist _ (be) coming to speak to us about Chinese literature this afternoon. 27. Butter and bread _(be) their daily food, but the bread and the butter _(eat) up so far.28. Early to bed and early to rise _(make) a man healthy, happy and wise

27、.29. Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirl_(have) therighttoreceive education.【答案与解析】26. is。A poet and artist表示“一位作家兼诗人”作主语，指一个人，谓语用单数，故答案是is。27. is; have been eaten。Butter and bread表示“黄油面包”，视为一个整体；第二空则指两件物品，应用复数，so far常与现在完成时连用，故答案是is; have been eaten。28. makes。该句意为：早睡早起让人健康、快乐、明智。早睡早起都做到才算一个习惯，视为整体，故答案

28、是makes。29. has。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果有each,every时，其谓语要用单数形式，故答案是has。要点精讲4：a large quantity/amount of作主语，谓语动词用单数；large quantities/amounts of作主语，谓语动词用复数。例28：A large amount of money is spent on advertisements every year.例29：Large amounts of special fuel are needed to launch a rocket into space.【即时训练】用括号内所给

29、单词的适当形式填空。30. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of earth _(wash) away each year. 31. -Why does the lake smell terrible?-Because large quantities of water_ (pollute).【答案与解析】30. are being washed。large/huge quantities of作主语，表示“很多”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作还在进行又是被动语态，

30、故答案是are being washed。31. have been polluted。large/huge quantities of作主语，表示“很多”，不管后接复数名词还是不可数名词，谓语动词与quantities一致用复数，结合语境该动作对现在造成了影响。同时又是被动语态，故答案是have been polluted。要点精讲5：the number of表示“的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。例30：The number of the students in Class 7 is 65. And a number of them are ke

31、en on reading.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。32. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _(keep) rising these days. 33.The number of people invited _ (be) fifty, but a number of them _(be)absent for different reasons.【答案与解析】32. keeps。the number of表示“的数量”，谓语用单数，结合语境应用一般现在时，故答案是keeps。33. was; were。the

32、number of表示“的数量”，谓语用单数；a number of表示“若干，许多”，谓语用复数。结合语境应用一般过去时。故答案是was; were。要点精讲6：one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用复数；the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数。例31：Johnson is one of the farmers who live in the valley.例32：Johnson is the only one of the farmers who lives in the valley.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。33. Barbara is easy

33、 to recognize as shes the only one of the women who_(wear) evening dress.【答案与解析】34. wears。the only one of 后接定语从句，从句谓语用单数；结合语境应用一般现在时。故答案是wears。要点精讲7：all, both, each, every, either, neither, none等代词作主语，视意思而定。例33：Each student in Class 29 has at least three dictionaries.例34：The students each have at le

34、ast three dictionaries.例35：All of the money was given to the poor villagers last month.【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。35. -Did you go to the show last night? -Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area_ (invite). 36. All the scientific evidence_(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be) damaging our

35、 health. 37. The summer holiday is coming and we each _(be) ready for the picnic in the past weeks.38.All _ (be) present and all_ (be) going on well, our head teacher said.39. It is reported that many a new house_(build) at present in the disaster area.【答案与解析】35. was invited。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有eac

36、h,every或no修饰时，其谓语要用单数形式。结合语境应用一般过去时的被动语态。故答案是was invited。36. shows; is。evidence表示“证据”，是不可数名词，谓语用单数；后半句主语是increasing use,仍是单数。故答案是shows; is。37. are。本句each是同位语，真正主语是we,谓语用复数形式。故答案是are。38. are; is。不定代词all作主语，指人时谓语用复数；指物时谓语用单数。故答案是are; is。39. is being built。many a new house表示“许多房屋”，但是遵循“语法一致”，谓语用单数；结合语境

37、应用现在进行时的被动语态。故答案是is being built。要点精讲8：在It isthat强调句型中也应考虑主谓一致。例36：It was Jim that was praised by the headmaster this morning. 【即时训练】用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。40. It is I, who _ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you out.【答案与解析】40. am。在It isthat强调句型中被强调部分是主语时，who/that后面谓语应与该主语保持一致。故答案是am。好题再练（一）高考真题用括

38、号内所给单词的适当形式填空。1. Currently, about 35,000 works _(display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it would take a lifetime to see everything.2. If you look at all sides of the situation, youll find probably a solution that _ (suit) everyone. 3. (2020天津改编) The number of medical schools reached 18 in the

39、 early 1990s and _(remain) around that level since.4. (2020全国II)This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _ (carry) special significance.5. (2019全国) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six_(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

40、6. (2019全国II) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_(make) over the years.7. (2019全国III) On the last day of our week-long stay, we_(invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars. 8. (2018全国II) Since 2011, the country _ (grow) more

41、corn than rice.9. (2017全国)When fat and salt_ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.10. (2016全国 II) Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow_(be)oftenacceptable.【答案与解析】1. are being displayed。时间状语Currently是关键。“当前，现在，目前”；结合语境应用被动语态。2. suits。定语从句先行词是a solution，遵循语法一致。3. has

42、 remained。since常与现在完成时连用；remain是不及物动词，无被动语态。4. carries。动名词短语decorating with plants, fruits and flowers作主语，谓语用单数。5. are。结合语境应用一般现在时，构成并列句。6. have made。时间状语over the years是关键，常与现在完成时连用。7. were invited。结合语境应用一般过去时，又是被动语态。8. has grown。since常与现在完成时连用。9. are removed。结合后面主句判断这里应用一般现在时的被动语态；同时主语是两个不同概念，复数意义。

43、10. is。动名词短语Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow作主语，谓语用单数。好题再练（二）模拟试题用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。11. Here _ (be) a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.12. Now more than one member _ (be) against the plan.13. This kind of cartoons _ (sell)well in the bookstore while cartoons of that kind _ badly (sel

44、l).14. An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, _ (be) to be built here.15. E-mail, as well as telephones, _ (be) playing an important part in daily communication.16. The father as well as his three children _(go) skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.17. -Each

45、of the students working hard at their lessons_ (read) the book. -So have I. 18. The number of the students who _(possess) cell phones _(be) increasing rapidly, which affects the normal teaching badly.19. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ (be) essential to thei

46、r development.20. So far a series of problems _(bring) about by this decision.【答案与解析】11. is。Here be/There be后面有多个主语时，遵循“就近一致”原则。12. is。more than one后接单数名词，遵循“就近一致”原则，用单数。13. sells; sell。sell well是特殊结构，主动形式表示被动意义；第一空主语是This kind of cartoons，单数意义；第二空主语是cartoons，复数意义。 14. is。An iron and steel works表示“一

47、家钢铁工厂”，谓语用单数；with some satellite factories是介词短语。15. is。as well as连接并列主语，谓语遵循“就远一致”原则，单数意义。16. goes。every Sunday afternoon in winter表示经常发生的动作，谓语应用一般现在时。17. has read。So have I是倒装句，暗示前边也用现在完成时；working hard at their lessons作定语，真正主语是each。18. possess; is。第一空定语从句先行词是the students,谓语动词用复数；第二空主语是number，单数意义。1

48、9. is。真正主语是students inner motivation，单数意义。20. has been brought。So far表示“到现在为止”，常与现在完成时连用；结合语境应用被动语态。好题再练（三）单句改错下列各句均有一处错误，请指出并纠正。21. The cattle is eating grass on the hill now.22. Kate, one of my close friends, come from Guangzhou.23. Not only the students but also the teacher wish for a holiday.24.

49、 The writer and translator are delivering a speech in our school now.25. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area needs repairing. 26. Large quantities of food has been sent to the flood-stricken victims in the past few days.27. The teacher, as well as 6 girls and 8

50、boys, were visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.28. No one in the department but Tom and I know that the director will resign. 29. The country life the elderly couple was used to have changed greatly since 1992. 30. What the science teacher does and says are of great importance to college st

51、udents. 【答案与解析】21. is改为are。cattle是牛的总称，复数意义。22. come改为comes。one of my close friends作主语同位语，故谓语动词应用单数。23. wish改为wishes。Not onlybut also连接并列主语，谓语应遵循“就近一致”。24. are改为is。The writer and translator表示“那位作家兼翻译家”是同一个人，单数意义。25. needs改为need。分数短语作主语，谓语应与中心名词单复数一致。26. has改为have。Large quantities of后面谓语动词应用复数形式。27.

52、were改为was。as well as 6 girls and 8 boys应遵循“就远一致”，谓语用单数。28. know改为knows。主语后面是but, except等介词短语，谓语动词应与前边的主语保持一致。29. have改为has。the elderly couple was used to是定语从句，主语是The country life，单数。30. are改为is。 What从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。好题再练（四）语篇运用用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。My new deskmate James, whose parents 31 (teach) English in G

53、uangzhou for ten years, 32 (come) from the United States, which 33 (be) one of the most developed countries in the world. He as well as his parents 34 (enjoy) living in Guangzhou because neither James nor his parents 35 (finding) it difficult to adapt to the life in China. In their opinion, many a c

54、ustom here 36 (be) easy to understand and ten years 37 (be) enough for them to get used to all the customs. I, together with James, 38 (be) extremely fond of English but physics 39 (seem) rather difficult for us. Besides, both he and I 40 (be) crazy about reading story books, and the Arabian Nights

55、41 (be) one of the most interesting books that 42 (read) by us. Our class 43 (unite) as a big family. Now the whole class 44 (prepare) for the coming sports meet, so large quantities of our recent time 45 (spend) on it. What we need 46 (be) a qualified coach because being trained properly 47 (be) of

56、 great importance. We each 48 (be) fully aware that each of us 49 (play) an important role in our class. We have decided to hold a celebration if getting a good result but when and where we are going to hold it 50 (decide) yet.【答案】31. have been teaching/have taught 32. comes 33. is 34. enjoys 35. find 36. is 37. is 38.am 39. seems 40. are 41. is 42. have been read 43. is united 44. are preparing 45. have been spent 46. is 47. is 48. are 49. plays 50. hasnt been decided/isnt decided