2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编13含解析.doc

1、2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编（13）李仕才AVinegar makes salad, fries and dumplings taste better, and you can even use it to clean your windows. And now, according to scientists, it may even the planets population survive climate change.Researchers from the RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science (CSRS) in Japan

2、 found that growing plants in vinegar makes them more resistant to droughts. This could mean that in the future, worries about climate change affecting the worlds supply of food will be much lower. The discovery was made after the researchers studied the Arabidopsis, a plant known for its ability to

3、 survive in dry weather. It was found that when the plant was placed in drought-like conditions, it produced a chemical called acetate（醋酸盐）the main component of vinegar.After discovering this, the scientists experimented further by adding acetate to the soil of other plants, before they stopped givi

4、ng them water completely. After leaving the plants for 14 days, they found that the ones treated with acetate had survived, while the untreated plants had dried up and died.Its hoped that this simple method of survival could soon be used to help farmers in dry countries keep their crops alive. In th

5、e experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed（油菜籽）, Jong Myong Kim, co-author of the study, told Popular Science magazine.Kim also told the magazine hes already been in touch with people all over the world who are intere

6、sted in trying this simple and cost-effective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners. Although at this point keeping thirsty plants alive isnt as easy as just pouring vinegar over them, Kim said he and his team are working on making the process as simple as poss

7、ible. Now we are trying to cooperate with some farmers, and also some companies, to make a method to apply this system, he said. And for those of us who always forget to ask our neighbors to water our plants when we go away, hopefully this means the end of returning home from a trip to find our favo

8、rite flowers have died.1.What is the article mainly about? A. The worlds food supply will be increased. B. Plants better survive droughts.C. The Arabidopsis is resistant to droughts. D. Vinegar could be used to fight droughts.2.It was discovered that acetate can .A. be used by farmers to replace soi

9、l B. only be produced by the ArabidopsisC. help plants survive dry conditions D. be used to improve poor soil3.What are the target plants of the experiment?A. all breeding species. B. wheat and Arabidopisis.C. rice and maize. D. rapeseed and Arabidopisis.4.Jong Myong Kims experiment of trying out th

10、e method .A. can make peoples trips pleasantB. turned out a worldwide successC. is as simple as pouring vinegar over the plantsD. appeals to many flower growing companies【文章大意】 本文属于科普类文章。醋不仅使食物味道更好，还可以用它来清洁你的窗户。研究发现醋中生长的植物，使它们更耐干旱。1.D 【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存，即能抗击干旱，故选D。3.C 【解析】细节理解题。根据

11、第四段中的“In the experiment, we targeted the staple foods of the worldrice, wheat and maizeand the basic plant of breeding species, rapeseed,”可知在实验中，主要针对大米，小麦和玉米等。故选C。4.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第一句“Kimhes already been in touch with people all over the world who are interested in trying this simple and cost-e

12、ffective method out for themselves from flower growing companies to amateur gardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系，也就是吸引这些公司。故选D。B(2015洛阳高三统一考试)All over the world mothers and fathers teach their children manners.Other children may have manners that are not like yours.There are all kinds of manners.Many

13、 years ago，children who had good manners were seen and not heard.They kept quite quiet if grownups were talking.Today，wellmannered children have more freedom.Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Suppose you are a visitor in the land of Mongolia.Some friends ask you to

14、eat with them.What kind of manners do they want you to have? They want you to give a loud “burp (打嗝)” after you finish eating.Burping would show that you like your food.In some countries，if you give a loud burp，you are told to say，“Excuse me，please.”In many places people like to eat together.But in

15、some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen eating together. People show good manners by turning their backs to others while they eat.What are manners like in an East African town? People try not to see you.They are being polite.You may see a friend.He may not see you at all.If you are poli

16、te，you will sit down beside him.You will wait until he finishes what he is doing.Then he will talk to you.Suppose you visit a friend in Arabia.You should walk behind the other tents until you come to his tent.If you pass in front of the other tents，you will be asked into each one. People will ask yo

17、u to eat with them.And it is bad manners if you say no.Manners are different all over the world.But it is good to know that all manners begin in the same way.People need ways to show that they want to be friends.1People turn their backs to others while they eat in some places in _AMongolia Ban East

18、African townCPolynesia DArabia2In an East African town，people try not to see you.This is because _Athey are not your friendsBthey dont want to talk with youCit is good mannersDthey are waiting for you to talk with them3Sometimes good manners in one place are bad manners in other places.Which should

19、be a supporting paragraph to the idea?AThe first one. BThe second one.CThe sixth one. DThe third one.4The best title of the passage should be“_”ASome bad mannersBDifferent kinds of mannersCThe importance of mannersDSome good manners【解题导语】不同时代、不同地域、不同国家有不同的礼仪，在某个地方得体的礼仪未必在另一个地方也适合。1解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第六

20、段中的“But in some parts of Polynesia it is bad manners to be seen.while they eat.”可知，在波利尼西亚的部分地方，人们吃饭时背对他人被认为是有礼貌的。2解析：选C。细节理解题。根据文章第七段中的“People try not to see you. They are being polite”可知，C项正确。3解析：选C。细节理解题。文章第六段提到“有些地方人们喜欢在一起吃饭，然而在波利尼西亚的一些地区被人看到在一起吃饭是不礼貌的”可知，C项正确。4解析：选B。标题归纳题。综合全文可知，本文讲述了不同地区的不同礼仪，因

21、此B项正确。C阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。Diana Jacobs thought her family had a workable plan to pay for college for her 21-year-old twin sons: a combination of savings, income, scholarships, and a modest amount of borrowing. Then her husband lost his job, and the plan fell apart. “I have two kids

22、in college, and I want to say come home, but at the same time I want to provide them with a good education,” says Jacobs.The Jacobs family did work out a solution: They asked and received more aid form the schools, and each son increased his borrowing to the maximum amount through the federal loan (

23、贷款) program. They will each graduate with $20,000 of debt, but at least they will be able to finish school. With unemployment rising, financial aid administrators expect to hear more families like the Jacobs. More students are applying for aid, and more families expect to need student loans. College

24、 administrators are concerned that they will not have enough aid money to go around. At the same time, tuition（学费）continues to rise. A report from the National Center for Public Policy and Higher Education found that college tuition and fees increased 439% from 1982 to 2007, while average family inc

25、ome rose just 147%. Student borrowing has more than doubled in the last decade, “If we go on this way for another 25years, we wont have an affordable system of higher education,” says Patrick M. Callan, president of the center. “The middle class families have been financing it through debt. They wil

26、l send kids to college whatever it takes, even if that means a huge amount of debt.” Financial aid administrators have been having a hard time as many companies decide that student loans are not profitable enough and have stopped making them. The good news, however, is that federal loans account for

27、 about three quarters of student borrowing, and the government says that money will flow uninterrupted.1. According to Paragraph 1, why did the plan of Jacobs family fail?A. The twins wasted too much money. B. The father was out of work.C. Their saving ran out. D. The family fell apart.2. How did th

28、e Jacobs manage to solve their problem?A. They asked their kids to come home.B. They borrowed $20,000 from the school.C. They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.D. They got help from the school and the federal government.3. Financial aid administrators believe that _.A. more families wi

29、ll face the same problem as the JacobsesB. the government will receive more letters of complaintC. college tuition fees will double soonD. Americas unemployment will fall4.What can we learn about the middle class families from the text?A. They blamed the government for the tuition increase.B. Their

30、income remained steady in the last decade.C. They will try their best to send kids to college.D. Their debts will be paid off within 25 years.5.According to the last paragraph, the government will .A. provide most students will scholarshipsB. dismiss some financial aid administratorsC. stop the comp

31、anies from making student loansD. go on providing financial support for college students【文章大意】这是一篇关于学费贷款的文章。【参考答案】1-5、BDACDD(2015唐山一模)The spread of Western eating habits around the world is bad for human health and the environment.These findings come from a new report in the journal Nature.David Til

32、man，a professor of ecology at the University of Minnesota，America，examined information from 100 countries to identify what people ate and how a diet affected health.He noted a movement beginning in the 1960s.He found that as nations industrialized (工业化)，population increased and earnings rose，more pe

33、ople began to adopt what has been called the Western diet.The Western diet is high in sugar，fat，oil and meat.By eating these foods，people began to get fatter and sicker.David Tilman says overweight people are at greater risk for noninfectious diseases like diabetes (糖尿病) and heart disease.Unfortunat

34、ely when people become industrialized，if they adopt this Western diet，they are going to have these health problems，especially in developing countries in Asia.China is an example where the number of diabetes cases has been jumping from less than one percent to 10 percent of the population as they beg

35、an to industrialize over a 20year period.And that is happening all across the world，in Mexico，in Nigeria and so on.And，a diet bad for human beings，is also bad for the environment.As the worlds population grows，more forests and tropical(热带的) areas will become farmlands for crops or grasslands for cat

36、tle.We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.Mr.Tilman calls the link between the diet，the environment and human health，“a trilemma”a problem offering a difficult choice.He says one possible solution is lea

37、ving the Western diet behind.1According to the passage，more greenhouse gas might be given off in the future from _Atransportation Bdeveloping countriesCagriculture Ddeveloped countries2David Tilman believes that _Athe diet，the environment and human health are closely connectedBthe Western diet is th

38、e only choice as the nation industrializesCpeople in tropical areas are more likely to have heart diseaseDtraditional diets are more balanced than the Western diet3We can infer from the passage that _ANigeria has the largest number of diabetes casesBoverweight people are at higher risk of infectious

39、 diseasesCthe examined information comes from developing countriesDindustrialization contributes to the spread of the Western diet4The main purpose of the passage is to _Acall on us to protect the environmentBwarn us of the danger of the Western dietCremind us of the importance of healthDadvise us t

40、o have a balanced diet【解题导语】自然杂志上一篇新的报告显示，西方饮食对人的健康和环境有不良影响，人们应警惕西方饮食带来的危害。1解析：选C。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“We are likely to have more greenhouse gas in the future from agriculture than that coming out of all forms of transportation right now.”可知，未来更多的温室气体排放可能来自于农业，故选择C项。2解析：选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的第一句“Mr.Tilman c

41、alls the link between the diet，the environment and human health.a difficult choice.”可知，Tilman先生把日常饮食、环境和人的健康之间的联系称为三难困境。由此可知，它们三个是紧密相关的，故选择A项。3解析：选D。推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“He found that as nations industrialized(工业化)，population increased and earnings rose，more people began to adopt what has been called th

42、e Western diet.”可推知，工业化、人口增长和收入增加造成了西方饮食的传播，故D项正确。4解析：选B。写作意图题。综合全文，尤其是根据文章最后一段的最后一句可知，西方饮食有害健康，不利于环境，故作者是想通过该文让人们警惕西方饮食带来的危害。EGlobal Positioning Systems are now a part of everyday driving in many countries. These satellitebased systems provide turnbyturn directions to help people get to where they

43、want to go. But they can also cause a lot of problems, sending you to the wrong place or leave you completely lost. Many times, the driver is to blame. Sometimes a GPS error is responsible. Most often, says Barry Brown, it is a combination of the two.Barry Brown is with the Mobile Life Centre in Sto

44、ckholm, Sweden. The center studies humancomputer interaction, or HCI, especially communications involving wireless devices. We spoke to Mr Brown by Skype. He told us about an incident involving a friend who had flown to an airport in the eastern United States. There he borrowed a GPSequipped car to

45、use during his stay.Barry Brown：“And they just plugged in an address and then set off to their destination.” And, then it wasnt until they were driving for thirty minutes that they realized they had put in a destination back on the West Coast where they lived. They actually put their home address in

46、. So again, the_GPS_is_kind_of_“garbage_in_garbage_out”Mr Brown says this is a common human error. But, he says, what makes the problem worse has to do with some of the shortcomings, or failures, of GPS equipment.Barry Brown：“One problem with many GPS units is they have a very small screen and they

47、just tell you the next turn. Because they just give you the next turn, sometimes that means that it is not really giving you the overview that you would need to know that its going to the wrong place.”Barry Brown formerly served as a professor with the University of California, San Diego. While ther

48、e, he worked on a project with Eric Laurier from the University of Edinburgh. The two men studied the effects of GPS devices on driving by placing cameras in peoples cars. They wrote a paper based on their research. It is called “The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS.”Barry Brown: “One of

49、 the things that struck us, perhaps the most important thing was that you have to know what youre doing when you use a GPS. There are these new skills that people have developed. There are these new competencies that you need to have to be able to use a GPS because they sometimes go wrong.”Barry Bro

50、wn says this goes against a common belief that GPS systems are for passive drivers who lack navigational (导航) skills.“The Normal, Natural Troubles of Driving with GPS” lists several areas where GPS systems can cause confusion for drivers. These include maps that are outdated, incorrect or difficult

51、to understand. They also include timing issues related to when GPS commands are given.Barry Brown says to make GPS systems better we need a better understanding of how drivers, passengers and GPS systems work together.文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会带来许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。1What is

52、the best title for this passage?AIs GPS system reliable to use?BWhat is the use of GPS?CHow to make the most of GPS?DBlame! GPS or Passengers?答案：A标题概括题。文章第一段是全文的主旨段。根据第一段可知，GPS全球定位系统可以帮助人们找到想去的地方，但GPS也会导致许多问题，所以使用GPS全球定位系统是否可靠变得不确定。所以A项最适合做文章的标题，故答案选A。2What is the implication of the underlined part?

53、AGPS is just a garbage device.BGPS will not correct human errors.CGPS adjusts your wrong destination.DGPS is just as smart as human beings.答案：B句意理解题。根据画线句子后面一句“Mr Brown says this is a common human error.”并结合上下文可知，画线句子所包含的意思是：GPS不能纠正人类的错误。故答案选B。3Which is NOT mentioned as a GPS shortcoming in the pass

54、age?ASmall screen.BTiming of commands.COutdated maps.DDear cameras GPS uses.答案：D细节理解题。根据文章第五段第一句可知，A项是GPS的缺点；根据文章倒数第二段可知，B、C两项均是GPS的缺点。所以只有D项不是GPS的缺点。故答案选D。4According to the passage, people commonly believe that _.Ayou have to know where to go when using GPSByou need to have new competencies to use GPS wellCGPS is proper for drivers with little sense of directionDGPS is fit for people having good understanding of maps答案：C推理判断题。通读全文可知，人们普遍认为，GPS全球定位系统适合方向感差的人。C项符合文义，故答案选C。