2020年高考英语语法讲解及考点练习 定语从句（含解析）.doc

1、定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的重点。除了在语法填空中会考到，在书面表达中正确恰当地运用定语从句是作文得高分的关键。另外，在阅读理解中正确理解定语从句也至关重要。常见考点：1. 指物时只用that或which的情况2. 介词+关系代词3. whose的用法及转换形式4. as与which的区别5. 指人时that与who的区别6. 如何判断用关系副词还是关系代词7. 定语从句的主谓一致问题一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰前面的某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，在句中起定语（也就是形容词）的作用。被定语从句修饰的词叫作先行词。引导定语从句的词叫关系代词（who, whom, that, whic

2、h, whose）或关系副词(where, when, why)。如：The man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行词 关系代词二、关系代词和关系副词的用法关系代词和关系副词又称关系词，用来引导定语从句，代替先行词并在从句中担当一个成分。其用法见下表：词例先行词充当成分例句关系代词who人主语This is the doctor who saved my life. 这就是那个救了我生命的医生。whom人宾语She is the new student (whom) I want to tell to you. 她就是那个我想告诉你的新学生。tha

3、t人、物主语、宾语Football is a game that is liked by many people. 足球是一项许多人都喜爱的项目。The man (that) you met just now is my friend. 你刚刚碰到的那个人是我的朋友。which物主语、宾语Please pass me the book which is lying on the table. 请把桌上的那本书递给我。The novel (which) Tom bought is very interesting. 汤姆买的那本小说很有趣。as物主语、宾语The earth, as is kno

4、wn to all, is round. 众所周知，地球是圆的。whose=of whom /of which人、物定语The professor whose daughter teaches you English is Dr. Williams. 他是威廉姆斯教授，他的女儿教你英语。关系副词when=at/in/on /during which时间状语We will never forget the day when the Peoples Republic of China was founded. 我们永远不会忘记中华人民共和国成立的日子。where=at/in/to which地点状

5、语This is the house where he lived. 这是他住过的房子。why=for which原因状语I know the reason why she works so well. 我知道她为何工作出色的原因。三、限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句的区别限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句从句与先行词的关系从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去，主句的意思仍然清楚或完整标点符号从句与主句之间不用逗号分开从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开关系代词指人用who/whom/that指人用who(作主语)/whom(作宾语)指物用

6、which/that指物用which指人和物用whose指人和物用whose关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略关系代词一般不可省略修饰从句只修饰一个名词或代词可以修饰一个词，也可修饰整个主句翻译定语从句通常译成被修饰语的前置定语(先翻译从句再翻译先行词)定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子四、关系代词的选用1. 只能用that作关系代词的情况说明例句1当先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定代词时(something除外)Pay attention to everything that I do. 注意我

7、所做的一切。2当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时He has little time that he can spare. 他几乎抽不出一点时间。3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时This is the best novel (that) I have read. 这是我读过的最好的小说。4如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in school. 他们正在谈论他们记得的在中学里的人和

8、事。5当先行词被the only, the last, the very, the same等等修饰时This is the last time that I want to see you. 这是最后一次我想见到你。6当疑问词who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用thatWhich of the students that knows something about history? 了解历史的学生是哪一位?7当定语从句为there be句型时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略This is the fastest train (that) there is

9、to Beijing. 这是去北京最快的火车。8当指人或物的关系代词在定语从句中作表语时，关系代词只能用that，也可以省略China is not the country (that) it was. 中国不是以前的中国了。2. 指物只能用which不用that的情况说明例句1在非限定性定语从句中St. Peterburg, which was once called Leningrad, is a very beautiful city. 圣彼得堡是一座非常美丽的城市，它曾被称作“列宁格勒”。2在介词后面This is the room in which we lived last yea

10、r. 这是我们去年住的那个屋子。3. 指人时只能用who不用that的情况说明例句先行词为one, ones, those, anyone, he时Those who break the law must be punished. 那些违反法律的人必须受到惩罚。4. as与which as与which均可引导非限定性定语从句，有时可以互换，但也存在区别说明例句与such或the same连用时，一般用asSuch money as he earned was spent on books. 他挣得那些钱被花在了买书上。as引导的从句可以放在句首，as表“正如”之意As we all know,

11、 the earth is round. 正如我们所知道的，地球是圆的。当as在从句中作主语时，后面常接动词的被动语态She has been absent again, as is expected. 她又缺席了，这在预料之中。当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用whichMy parents treat me as a baby, which I cant bear. 我父母常常把我当小孩看，这是我难以忍受的。5. 定语从句中的主谓一致定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。如：Dont choose me, who am not fit for the job. 别选我，

12、我不适合这份工作。考点练透 一、单句填空 请用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten. 2. Do you remember those days _ we spent along the seashore very happily?3. Those _ want to go please sign their names here.4. Who is the woman _ is sweeping the floor over there?5. The man _ yo

13、u are going to make friends is my fathers neighbour. 6. Finally, the thief handed over everything _ he had stolen to the police.7. This is the very letter _ came last night.8. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.9. Jack is pleased with what you have given him and all _ you have told him. 10.

14、Do you work near the building _ colour is yellow?11. Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 12. I live in the house _ windows face south.13. They stayed with me three weeks, _ they drank all the wine I had.14. The room _ Mr. White lives is not very large.15. I have finishe

15、d writing the novel, _ is to be published next month.16. He returned home safe and sound after a fierce battle, _ was unexpected.17. The old man had three sons, all of _ died during the World War .18. I have bought two pens, both of _ write well.19. Do you know the reason _ she has changed her mind?

16、20. He failed in the exam, _ proves that he wasnt working hard enough.21. _ was expected, he succeeded in the exam.22. We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser.23. He is absent, _ is often the case.24. It is the first time _ I have come to your city.25. Who _ has the same idea as it

17、 will do it in this way.26. I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the country with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life.27. This is the only book _ I can find. 28. This is the only one of the students _ handwriting is the best.29. You must show your wife the same respect _ you show me

18、.30. This is the professor _ taught me chemistry in 1980.二、语法填空 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Yesterday there was a very exciting debate at Xinhua Middle School about whether medical cloning should be allowed or not. 1 a lively discussion a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning w

19、on.The arguments for medical cloning were very strongly put by the team supporting the motion (议案). They argued that serious illnesses and people 2 have lost their ability to move or think could be helped by medical cloning. They 3 (explain) that the procedures would be safe, quick and with no probl

20、ems for the patients. They quoted that 67% of American citizens are for it 4 (support) their idea. Their arguments were very 5 (convince).The arguments put by 6 team opposing medical cloning were less strong. They argued in two ways. The first reason was that the procedures were not yet secure. Thei

21、r second reason was that 7 took many tries and many potential animals had to 8 (kill) to produce one useable embryo for research. They explained that many European countries dont allow medical cloning research because of this. Anyway 9 arguments were not so convincing.At the end of the debate the au

22、dience left the hall 10 a feeling of hope. They realized that diseases that seem terrible today may be able to be cured soon.助读词汇procedure n. 过程 oppose vt. 反对 potential adj. 潜在的 embryo n. 胚胎 quote vt. 引用 convincing adj. 有说服力的cast a vote 投票 argue for 赞成be for 赞成 medical cloning 医学科隆参考答案考点练透一、单句填空1. t

23、hat 2. which/that 3. who 4. that 5. with whom 6. that 7. that 8. where 9. that 10. whose 11. which 12. whose 13. during which 14. where / in which 15. which 16. which 17. whom 18. which 19. why 20. which 21. As 22. as 23. as 24. that 25. that 26. when; which 27. that 28. whose 29. as 30. who/that二、语

24、法填空本文主要讲述的是，新华中学举办了一场有关“医学科隆是否该允许”的辩论会。不同的学生对此生物技术有不同的看法有反对也有赞成。1. After 分析句子成分可知 1 a lively discussion在本句子不作主语、宾语也不作表语，故需要填介词。根据上下逻辑和空后的a vote was cast and the side arguing for medical cloning won.的结果可知，此处理应是指一次活跃的讨论之后。故填After最佳。注意首字母要大写。2. who 空的前后是两个分句，故填连接词。分析句子成分可知 2 have lost their ability to

25、move or think是个定语从句且先行词是人(people)，故填who(在从句中作主语)。3. explained 根据上一句They argued that serious illnesses可知用一般过去式。4. to support 分析句子成分得知，动词support在此非谓语。再分析句意可知此处表目的，故用动词不定式作目的状语。5. convincing 作表语用形容词形式。convincing在此意为“有说服力的”。6. the 表特指必须要用定冠词。或者根据第二段首句中的medical cloning were very strongly put by the team也可知。7. it 缺主语填代词。根据逻辑和句意可知，此处理应缺少前面提到过的medical cloning。故用it代替。8. be killed 分析句子成分可知，动词kill在此作谓语，只考虑时态和语态。根据空前had to(不定式)可知此处理应用原形。此外，kill与逻辑主语animals显然存在被动关系，故填be killed正确。9. their 显然此处缺少一个限定词，总得致命是谁的论据(arguments)。根据上一句They explained that可知此题理应填their合适。10. with 表“带着”常用介词with。