高二英语外研版选修6学案：词汇详解 MODULE1　SMALLTALK WORD版含解析.doc

1、知识感悟一、词汇详解1.lack vt.&vi. 缺乏;缺少n.缺少;缺少的东西【典型例句】She lacks the money to buy new clothes.她缺少钱买新衣服。In the hot summer the plants lacked water.炎热的夏天,植物缺水。They lacked for nothing.他们什么都不缺。He can not buy it because of the lack of money.他因缺钱买不起这个。Water is a lack of this region.这个地区缺水。【要点归纳】lack作动词用时,没有被动语态。lac

2、k作名词用时,如果表示“缺少的东西”,前面要加不定冠词。【相关链接】lack构成的短语：for/by/from lack of因缺乏;因无no lack of不缺乏；很多lack in在缺少不足英汉互译(1)Owing to lack of time,we cannot do more than what we have done._答案:由于时间不够,我们只能做到这样。(2)由于时间不够,我的画还没有完成。_答案:I havent finished the painting for lack of time.(3)缺少雨水,地面非常干燥。_答案:There has been a lack o

3、f rain and the ground is very dry.2.advance adj.预先的；在前的n.前进;增长;进步vi.&vt.进展;提升;促进;提出;提前【典型例句】I have received an advance payment.我已收到一笔预付款。The invention of the wheel is a great advance in human history.在人类历史上车轮的发明是一项巨大进步。Plane tickets are booked in advance.飞机票要提前预订。He worked so well that he was soon a

4、dvanced to the position of secretary.他工作做得很好,不久被提升为秘书。Chemical fertilizers advance the growth of crops.化肥促进庄稼生长。It was Hawking that advanced the theory of Black Holes.是霍金提出了“黑洞理论”。【要点归纳】in advance 在前头;预先,事先in advance of在前面;比进步;超过advance on/upon/toward 朝前进,向推进;进击单项填空(1)The first quarter of this year

5、has witnessed a big _in our car production.Which of the following is NOT right?A.improvementB.increaseC.progressD.advance提示:句意为“今年第一季度,我们的汽车生产有了大幅度的提高”。只有progress是不可数名词,前面不加冠词。答案:C单句改错(2)Galileos ideas were well in the advance of the age in which he lived._答案:去掉第一个the(3)The launch of Change 1 satell

6、ite to the moon next year will be big advance in the space exploration for our nation._答案:big前加a3.think of 想起;回忆起;考虑;想到;认为【典型例句】I often think of my old friends back home.我经常想起远在家乡的老朋友。When I said that,I was not thinking of her feelings.我讲那话时,并没有考虑到她的感情。I wouldnt think of disturbing them at this hour

7、 of the night.我不想在这样的深更半夜去打扰他们。What do you think of the new film the Banquet?你觉得新片夜宴怎么样?【要点归纳】What do you think of.?用来询问对方对某事、某人的评价。【相关链接】think构成的短语：think about 考虑think over 仔细考虑think out想出；设计出think up想出(设计出；发明；编造)介副词填空(1)The plan is well thought _.答案:of(2)Cant you think _a better excuse than that?答

8、案:up(3)I must think _a way of solving the problem答案:out(4)I tried to think _a funny game for the children to play.答案:up(5)We just wouldnt think _going without you.答案:of(6)Its certain that an offer is well worth thinking _.答案:about(7)What do you think _my new car?答案:of4.in addition 除此之外;另外【典型例句】When

9、Diane fell,she hurt her arm and,in addition,broke her glasses.黛安妮摔倒时,摔伤了胳臂,还摔坏了眼镜。In addition to English,he has to study a second foreign language.除英语外,他还得学第二外语。【要点归纳】in addition和in addition to的用法与besides相同。【相关链接】besides prep.“除之外还有”;adv.“此外”。包含关系。except prep.“除了之外其他都”,排除关系。except for prep.“除外”,叙述了总

10、的情况后,用来排除细节情况。在句首时可代替except。except that “除外”,作逻辑上的宾语。except when “除外”,作逻辑上的时间状语。but prep.“除外”,常放在疑问代词和不定代词后面。如:nothing but;who but you。apart from既可代替 besides,也可代替except。other than“除之外”。有时相当于except,有时在句中表示某事发生的条件。如:You cannot reach the village other than by boat.除了乘船外,你到不了这个小村庄。单项填空(1)We enjoyed the

11、holiday _the expense.A.exceptB.besidesC.in addition toD.except for提示:用except for排除细节。except for有时也可翻译为“要不是的话”。答案:D (2)_Japanese,she has to study another foreign language.A.ExceptB.Except for C.In addition toD.Beside提示:句意为“除了日语外,她还得学另一门外语”。注意:D项beside改为besides也对。答案:C (3)My family usually go to the se

12、aside to enjoy the sweet sea wind_work occupies me.A.except thatB.except whenC.besides thatD.in addition to提示:except when在此句是时间状语从句,意为“除了工作忙的时候”。答案:B5.find out了解(到);找出(信息);发现;打听【典型例句】Can you find out Mr Johnsons address for me?你能帮我查一下约翰逊先生的地址吗?Will you try to find out when the trains leave?请设法打听一下火车

13、发车的时间好吗?She will find out all his secrets.她将发现他所有的秘密。【相关链接】find,find out和discover的区别：find指找到“丢失的东西”或“偶然发现”某物或某事。When he got to England,he found that his English was too limited.他到达英国时发现他的英语太有限了。find out的意思是“查明真相”“弄清楚某个事实”,多指经过探听、询问、调查之后才发现某事。He has found out the man who stole the key.他已查出了偷钥匙的那个人。di

14、scover指偶然的找到或发现,这时与find同义,也可表示经研究而首次发现早已存在但尚未被人所知的事物、真理或情况,这时与find out同义,但指科学方面的发现时,要用discover。The book was discovered/found among waste papers.这本书是在废文件中发现的。Columbus discovered America.哥伦布发现了美洲。单项填空(1)Please ring him up and _the plans for the summer vacation.A.findB.find outC.discoverD.know about提示:

15、句意为“请给他打个电话,问问他打算如何度暑假”。find out在此句中指“打听”。答案:B (2)It is believed by many experts now that it was Zhenghe who first _Australia.A.foundB.discovered C.travelled D.found out提示:句意为“许多专家认为,是郑和首先发现了澳大利亚”。此句的情景是“地理发现”,所以要用discovered。答案:B单句改错(3)Youll find out English important in international businesses._答案

16、：去掉out。find+宾语+宾补。6.obligation n.责任;义务【典型例句】Our parents fulfilled their obligation to support us.父母亲尽到了抚养我们的责任。We are under an obligation to help the poor.我们有义务帮助穷人。【要点归纳】under an obligation有义务;必须汉译英我们大家都有赡养父母的义务。_答案:We all have the obligation to look after our parents.7.tidy vt.&vi.使整洁;整理adj.整洁的【典型

17、例句】She told me to tidy my room.她让我把房间收拾一下。Be sure to tidy up before going out.出去之前一定要收拾一下。Her room is always clean and tidy.她的房间总是干净整洁。【要点归纳】tidy up=clean up 收拾;整理单项填空He began to _his desk and finish off the weeks work.A.tidy upB.clear upC.do upD.fix up提示:句意为“他开始整理书桌,结束一周的工作”。tidy up 收拾,整理;clear up消

18、除,放晴;do up系上,扣上,包裹;fix up安排,解决。答案:A8.favour n.恩惠;照顾;赞成;好意vt.支持;赞同;有利于【典型例句】Will you do me a favor and phone for me?你能否帮忙给我打个电话?He did all she could to win her favor.他尽其所能去赢得她的好感。Most of us are in favour of the ban on smoking in public places.我们大部分人支持在公共场合下禁止吸烟。The weather favored our voyage.天气对我们的航行

19、有利。【要点归纳】in favor of赞成;支持do sb. a favour 给某人帮忙单项填空In the class meeting,all the boy students were _ going camping on the weekend while the girl students werent.A.in honour ofB.in favour ofC.in search ofD.in hope of提示:句意为“在班会上,所有男生同意周末去宿营;而女生不同意”。in honour of为纪念,为庆祝;in favour of支持，同意;in search of寻找;in

20、 hope of要改为in the hope of或in hopes of表示“希望”。答案:B9.reply n.&vt.&vi.回答;答复;回信【典型例句】What did you say in reply to her request?在答复她的请求时你是怎么说的?She replied that she was happy to accept our invitation.她回复说她很高兴接受我们的邀请。I did not know how to reply.我不知道怎么回答好。【要点归纳】in reply to为答复;作为对的答复make (no) reply(不)作答复reply

21、to回答;答复【相关链接】reply和answer的区别：(1)如果加间接宾语时,要用:answer sb.that./reply to sb. that.(2)当后面接名词或代词时,answer是及物动词,reply为不及物动词,是正式用语。answer a question/reply to a questionanswer a letter/reply to a letter(3)answer the door/doorbell/telephone;不能说reply the door/doorbell/telephone。英汉互译(1)Your reply will clear thei

22、r minds of doubts._答案:你的回答将消除他们心中的疑团。 (2)他没有答复这封信。_答案:He did not reply to this letter. (3)He gave me no chance to reply to his question._答案:他没有给我回答他问题的机会。 (4)你提出与他较量,他作何反应?_答案:What did he do in reply to your challenge?10.leave out 遗漏;漏掉;省略;忽略【典型例句】In copying this paper,be careful not to leave out an

23、y word.抄这个文件时,不要漏掉任何一个字。You can leave out the details;just give us the main facts.你可以省去细节,只告诉我们主要的事实就行了。Dont leave our teachers out from the invitations.请不要忘记邀请我们的老师。【相关链接】leave (sth.) to sb.把某事托给某人处理leave alone 不要打扰;别碰;撇下一个人;让一个单独待着leave behind 遗留;留下leave for 离此而去;往出发leave off 停止;不再使用leave on 继续穿;让

24、(电灯)亮着介副词填空(1)I think we should leave _ now and have a cup of tea答案:off (2)Can you tell me the time?Ive left my watch _答案:behind (3)The electric fire had been left _overnight.答案:on (4)She left _an important detail in her account答案:out (5)Now you just leave it _me答案:to (6)Go way and leave me _答案:alon

25、e (7)We are leaving _Canada next week.答案:for11.function n.功能;职责vi.(机器)运行;起作用【典型例句】The teacher did not explain its grammatical function.老师没有解释它的语法功能。What is his function on the committee?他在委员会里担任什么职务?The refrigerator is not functioning well.冰箱有点问题。The sofa functions as a bed at night.这沙发在夜里可以当床。英汉互译(

26、1)Some English adverbs function as adjectives._答案:有些英语的副词起形容词的作用。 (2)我的笔书写时不太好用。_答案:My pen does not function very well.12.imagine n.想像【典型例句】You can imagine how surprised I was.你可以想像我是多么惊讶。I cant imagine your working with such a boring man for as long as five years.我很难想像你能与那一个无聊的人一起工作了五年。I imagine hi

27、m as a big tall man.我以为他是个高大的人。【要点归纳】imagine.as.把想像为imagine后接动名词作宾语。【相关链接】image n.图像;印象imaginary adj.假想的；想像的；虚构的imagination n.想像；空想；想像的事物；想像力imaginative adj.富于想像的;有想像力的单项填空(1)No one can _how much I suffered when I built up my own business.A.imagineB.suppose C.considerD.regard提示:句意为“没有人能想像出我创业时所受到的苦难

28、”。答案:A (2)Only those who have _ability can achieve success and fame as film directors.A.imaginedB.imaginativeC.imaginaryD.imagining提示:句意为“只有那些具有丰富想像力的人才能在电影导演方面获得成功和名声”。答案:B13.circumstance n.情形;情况;环境【典型例句】He was forced by the circumstances to do this.他做此事是为环境所迫。Under no circumstances should you lend

29、 him any money.你无论如何都不该把钱借给他。In normal circumstances I would have left such a party immediately.在正常情况下,我本会马上离开那样的宴会的。Circumstances alter cases.【谚】环境不同人也变；人的行为因时因地而异;此一时彼一时。【要点归纳】in no circumstances (=under no circumstances)决不；无论如何也不；在任何情况下决不in/under the circumstances在这种情况下；因为这种情况under all circumstan

30、ces无论如何单项填空(1)_should we forget the fine traditions and customs of our forefathers.A.For all reasonsB.In no circumstancesC.No matter whatD.Under all cases提示:句意为“我们在任何情况下都不应当忘记祖辈的优良传统和风俗”。只有in no circumstances放到句首,句子才用部分倒装。答案:B单句改错(2)Due to circumstance beyond our control the lecture was cancelled._答

31、案：circumstance改为circumstances。二、句型剖析1.be+adj.+to do【典型例句】The question is easy to answer.这问题容易回答。 That book is difficult to understand.那本书难懂。The water in that river is not fit to drink.那条河中的水不宜饮用。Harry Potter is pleasant to read.哈利波特读起来让人感到愉快。【要点归纳】形容词easy,difficult,heavy,hard,nice,bitter,dangerous,l

32、ight,interesting,important,expensive,fit,comfortable,pleasant,impossible后面接不定式作状语,这个不定式与主语往往是逻辑上的动宾关系,不定式要用主动形式,如果不定式动词是不及物动词,动词后要加介词。单项填空(1)Most students agree that Biology is as difficult a subject as Chemistry _.A.to be learnedB.to learnC.are learnedD.is learned提示:宾语从句中考查两个句型,be+adj.+to do 和as+ad

33、j.+a+n.+as。答案:B (2)When one gets tired,even the work that is usually easy_will become an obstacle.A.to handleB.of handlingC.to be handled D.handled提示:这道试题中的形容词easy要求后接不定式的主动形式。答案:A2.及物动词+宾语+宾补【典型例句】Ill have/get/make everything ready before 5 p.m.for the evening party.在五点前我将会把今晚宴会的一切事情准备好。Who would y

34、ou rather have take up the post?你宁愿让谁担任这项职务?His answer made all of us laugh.他的回答使我们大家都笑了。The teacher got Tom to write his homework all over again.老师让汤姆把作业重新做了一遍。Im planning to have a garage built.我打算让人建一个车库。I found myself in a completely strange world when waking up.醒来后,我发现自己在一个完全陌生的世界中。She went to

35、see the football match,leaving the homework undone.她去看足球赛了,留下作业还没有做。He heard somebody opening the door.他听见有人在开门。【要点归纳】能作宾语补足语的有形容词、介词短语、副词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。能接“宾语+宾补”的动词有(1)使役动词:make,have,let,get,leave等。(2)感官动词:see,hear,watch,listen to,feel等。(3)find,catch(撞见)后面也可接宾语+宾补。注意:(1)作补足语时,动词不定式表示一个完整的动作发生过程或将要

36、发生或经常发生;现在分词表示一个正在进行的动作;过去分词表示一个被动或已完成的动作。(2)make,have,let和感官动词如果接不定式作宾补,在主动语态中省略不定式的符号to;在被动语态中不能省略。(have,let用作使役动词，一般不用被动语态)单项填空(1)Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A.writtenB.writingC.writeD.to write提示:句意为“老师刚才叫谁为墙报写文章了?”此句考查的句式是have sb. do sth.。答案:C (2)The nex

37、t morning she found the man _ in bed,dead.A.lyingB.lie C.layD.laying 提示:lying是lie的现在分词,表示“躺着”。答案:A (3)I cant _ you running up and down all day long.A.permitB.letC.haveD.allow 提示:permit和allow后面用动词不定式作宾补;let后面用动词原形作宾补;have后面可以用现在分词作宾补。答案:C (4)Is there anything you want from town? Im going to get _.A.t

38、hose letters mailed B.mailed letters C.to mailed those letters D.those letter mail 提示:get后面用过去分词表示被动,构成get sth. done的句式。答案:A (5)Mother caught the boy _ in the corner.A.smoke B.to smoke C.smokingD.being smoked 提示:catch sb.doing表示“撞见某人正在做某事”。答案:C3.it作形式主语【典型例句】It is easier to say than to do.说比做容易。Its

39、no harm drinking running water in that area.在那个地区喝自来水是无害的。It is a shame that he didnt pass the exam.很遗憾他没有通过考试。It was quite clear that they had no desire for peace.很清楚他们没有和平的诚意。It seemed that things were not as they expected.看起来情况并不像他们所想像的那样。It is said that the tickets have been sold out.据说票已售完。It i

40、s two years since we came here.自从我们来这儿以来已有两年了。It was two years before he joined the army.过了两年他就参军了。It will be one more year before we graduate.再过一年我们才能毕业。【要点归纳】(1)it作形式主语时,没有具体意义,而只是帮助把真正的主语移至句子末尾,使句子显得平稳一些,出现形式主语的情况有三种:一种是真正的主语为不定式,一种是真正的主语为动名词,一种是主语从句。(2)一些习惯句型用it作主语。如:It is/has been+时间段+since.自从以

41、来已有某段时间了。注意:since后面的谓语常常是瞬间动词的一般过去时。如果是延续性动词的一般过去时,则要从该动作结束的时候算起。It was+时间段+before.过了一段时间就/才It will be+时间段+before.将过一段时间才单项填空(1)_will do good to a senior student to do a part-time jobthey will know more about society.A.TheyB.ThatC.ItD.As提示:it是形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式to do a part-time job。答案:C (2)Does _ matt

42、er if he cant finish the job on time?A.this B.that C.he D.it提示:句意为“如果他没有按时完成工作,要紧吗?”it作形式主语。答案:D (3)We had to be patient because it _some time _we got the full results. A.has been;sinceB.had been;untilC.was;afterD.would be;before提示:句意为“我们必须要耐心,因为将过一段时间我们才能得到完全的结果”。答案:D (4)_is expected that it will b

43、e fine tomorrow,when we can do some outdoor activities.A.AsB.ItC.ThatD.Such提示:It is expected that.句式。it 是形式主语。如果用as的话,要构成非限制性定语从句As is expected,it will be fine tomorrow,when we can do some.答案:B三、语法解读need的用法need有多种词性,可以作行为动词和情态动词。1.need作行为动词时后面可以接名词、代词、不定式或动词的-ing 形式作宾语。Do you need some help?你需要一些帮助吗

44、? This room needs cleaning/to be cleaned.这个房间需要打扫。注意:(1)当need的主语与need后面的动词是被动关系时,need后面接不定式的被动形式或动名词的主动形式。(2)need 用作行为动词时有人称和数的变化,其第三人称单数形式为needs。变为否定句或疑问句时要用助动词do/does。2.need作情态动词时常常用于否定句、疑问句或条件状语从句中,此时没有人称和数的变化。试比较:You neednt go there if you dont want to.如果你不想去那里,你就不必去。(句中的need 是情态动词) You dont nee

45、d to come if you feel sick.如果你觉得不舒服就不必来了。(句中的need 是行为动词)3.neednt和dont have to可作为must表示必须时的否定回答。Must I come back before 5 p.m.?我必须在下午五点前赶回来吗?Yes,you must.是的,你必须。No,you neednt.不,你不必。4.didnt need to do表示过去不必做某事,事实上也没做。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she didnt need to walk back hom

46、e.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她不必步行回家了。5.neednt have done表示过去不必做某事,但事实上已做过了。John went to the station with the car to meet Mary,so she neednt have walked back home.约翰开车去车站接玛丽,所以她本不必步行回家了。(Mary步行回家了,没有遇上John的车。)单项填空(1)Im going to tell Anna of the news that she has been turned down by the boss.No,you _,she will be sa

47、d.A.may notB.mustntC.needntD.wont提示:mustnt表示“不许”,用于口语中;may not用于条文中。答案:B (2)Perhaps Id better inform Betty of the appointment date.No,you_,Ive already told her about it.A.mustntB.shouldntC.needntD.cant提示:根据答语中的“Ive already told her about it”可知,此句要用neednt表示“不必”。答案:C (3)My TV had just been repaired,so

48、 I _to the pub to watch the World Cup final match last night.A.neednt have gone B.didnt need to goC.neednt have goneD.mustnt have gone提示:题干提供的情景是说话者实际没有去酒馆中观看世界杯决赛。答案:B (4)Here you are,Tommy.You _ to take it.I was going to send it to you.A.dont need to comeB.didnt need to comeC.neednt have comeD.nee

49、dnt come提示:“Here you are”和“I was going to send it to you.”都表明Tommy已经来了,因此这里用“neednt have come”表示“不该做却已经做了”。答案:C课文浓缩下面的一段文章为课文原文的浓缩,仔细阅读,根据原文章内容将其补充完整,并尽量背诵。In our daily life,we often meet with such embarrassing experiencessome try to 1 talking to someone that he 2 when 3 the street,some cant speak 4

50、 in the face of all the guests at a party,and also,some 5 the confidence to talk to others though he is eager to make friends with people.In a word,those people feel 6 when they are at a social 7.Here are some tips to help you overcome your nervousness and improve your social skills.Make good use of

51、 8 in your conversation,but be careful of what topics are suitable and what are not.Try to be a better listener with 9 answers and body language.Try to find out 10 rules when you go to another country.答案:1.avoid2.recognizes3.crossing4.confidently5.lack6.nervous7.event/occasion8.small talk 9.positive10.social