高二英语外研版选修7学案：单词典句考点 MODULE3　LITERATURE WORD版含解析.doc

1、名师导航四点剖析单词典句考点经典例句He screamed (out) that there was a fire. 他叫嚷失火了。Those cats have been screaming for hours. 那些猫叫了半天了。The wind screamed through the trees. 风从林间呼啸而过。考点聚焦单词辨析:scream, cry, shout, call, yell 都含“大喊”“大叫”的意思。scream指“由于痛苦、恐惧、惊奇、快乐等而尖叫”, 如:She screamed when she saw the child fall. 当她看见那个孩子跌倒时

2、, 她尖声地叫了起来。cry 属常用词, 多用于“因恐惧、悲哀、祈求、惊奇等而大叫”, 如:cry for help呼喊求救shout是常用词, 多用于“因欢乐、赞美、发命令提出警告、唤起注意等而大声喊叫”, 如:She shouted for joy. 她高兴得大声喊了起来。yell是常用词, 指“因求救、焦急、惊恐、愤怒或其他感情方面的原因而大声地喊叫”, 如:yell the team to victory用喊声鼓励运动队取胜call 为最常用词, 表示“以任何形式呼叫”, 如:Mother is calling me. 母亲在叫我。活学巧用1. 用上面合适的动词填空The child

3、was _ for his mother. Those cats have been _ for hours. I dont like our teacher; hes always_ at us. 答案：1）crying2）screaming3）shouting经典例句He was in the cast of the school play. 他在学校上演的话剧里扮演角色。The cast are ready to start the play. 演员们都已作好准备, 即将演出。考点聚焦1)动词过去式:cast; 过去分词:cast; 现在分词:casting; 第三人称单数:casts

4、2)cast 可以用作动词, 用法如下:v. 投；掷；抛。如:He has often cast this brook. 他常在这小河边垂钓。As soon as they reached the fishing area, the fishermen cast their nets into the sea. 渔民们一到捕鱼区就把渔网撒进了大海。v. 舍弃；脱落。如:Every year the snake casts (off) its skin. 蛇每年都要蜕皮。As soon as he became rich he cast aside all his old friends who

5、 gave him some help. 他一富起来就抛弃了所有曾经给过他帮助的老朋友。v. 投票。如:Many senators cast their votes against the new tax law. 许多参议员都投票反对新税法。v. （常与as连用）分配角色；派定演员。如:The director cast me as a mad priest. 导演派我扮演一个发了疯的神父。He was cast as a handicapped youth. 他扮演一个残疾青年。The part was cast to him. 这个角色分派给他演。3)cast aside抛弃, 消除,

6、废除cast away 抛弃; 排斥; (船)失事cast back追溯, 回想; 退回; 恢复cast (sb. /sth. ) behind疏远; 把抛在脑后cast by放弃, 排除cast down使沮丧; 使胆寒; 使下降; 推翻, 打倒; 投下cast forth抛出, 逐出cast off抛弃, 与脱离关系; 摆脱; 释放cast oneself on/upon依赖, 指望, 仰仗, 委身于cast out逐出, 驱逐; 吐出, 呕出cast up (把数目)加起来, 计算(账目); 从水底浮起; 责备经典例句A coin went down his throat and he

7、started to choke. 一块硬币呛入他的喉咙, 他开始透不过气来。The madman choked his own child to death. 疯子把他自己的孩子掐死了。She was choking with emotion. 她激动得说不出话来. 考点聚焦1)choke还可以表示 “塞住；堵塞；阻塞”。如:The pipe was choked by cotton. 管子被棉花堵住了。The streets in the centre of the city were choked up with traffic. 市中心的街道被车辆堵塞了。The drains are

8、choked (up) with dead leaves. 下水道被枯叶堵住. 2)习惯用语choke back 抑制(怒气, 眼泪等)choke down用力咽下; 强抑制住, 按捺住choke off 把闷死, 勒死; 使中止, 使放弃(计划等); 强忍住, 抑制住(感情等)choke up阻塞, 塞住; 噎住, 使闷死; 口激动得说不出话来choke up with塞满, 长满经典例句She swallowed her anger and carried on. 她忍气吞声地继续进行下去。 Taking pills is easy，just put them in your mouth

9、and swallow. 服用药片很容易, 只需放在口中咽下即可。考点聚焦1)swallow 可以用作名词, 表示 “燕子”。如:There are many swallows flying in the sky. 天空中有许多燕子。One swallow does not make a summer. 谚一燕不成夏; 不可凭偶然现象而推断。2)swallow 当作动词时, 可以表示 “忍受；容忍；轻信”。如:They cant treat me like that, Im not going to swallow it. 他们不能这样对待我，我忍不下这口气。3)常用词组:swallow up

10、 吞下去, 吞并; 耗尽, 用尽。如:Their company was swallowed up by a multinational. 他们的公司被一家跨国公司所吞并。The increase in travel cost swallowed up our pay increase. 旅行费用的增加耗尽了我们的工资增长。 The fire swallowed up the house. 火焰吞没了房子。hard to swallow 难以置信。如:I find those old superstitions hard to swallow. 我觉得那些陈旧的迷信思想令人难以置信。巧记提示s

11、tarve (v. 饥饿)+-tion(名词后缀)starvation经典例句The poor old man died of starvation. 那个可怜的老人被饿死了。It was a race against time to stop people dying from starvation. 为抢救那些即将饿死的人而分秒必争。考点聚焦1)starve v. 饥饿; 饿死; 绝食; 渴望。如:Shes lonely, and starving for companionship. 她很寂寞，渴望友谊。The plant was starved of light and died. 这

12、株植物因为极度缺乏光照而死了。2)starve常用词组:starve to death 饿死starve for news渴望消息starve for (=be starved of) 渴望; 极需; 缺乏starve sb. into用饥饿迫使starve out用饥饿迫使投降; 使断粮而屈服活学巧用2. 汉译英1)工业界技术力量匮乏。_2)用了8天时间才把他们饿得从那座建筑物里出来了。_答案：1）Industry is being starved of technical expertise.2）It took 8 days to starve them out of that build

13、ing.经典例句We put the books in piles on the floor. 我们把书在地板上堆起来。The record I want is at the bottom of the pile. 我要的那张唱片在这一摞的最底层。Ive got piles of work to do this evening. 我今晚有一大堆事情要做。考点聚焦1)pile可以作动词, 意思为 “把堆积起来; 塞满, 堆满”。如:Her debts are piling up and she has no money to pay them. 她债台日高已无力偿还。The cart is pi

14、led high with fruit and vegetables. 马车上堆满了水果和蔬菜。 The little boy is piling up his building blocks. 小男孩正在搭积木。2)pile 常用词组:a pile of 一大堆, 大量make a pile 发财, 赚很多钱pile sth. high 把某物高高地堆起pile in/into 涌进, 挤进, 蜂拥而入pile on过分地称赞/批评pile out 挤出, 蜂拥而出pile up (使)堆积, (使)积累经典例句Here is an old-fashioned pump for drawin

15、g water from a well. 这里有一个旧式水泵可从井里抽水。Can you lend me your bicycle pump?能把你的自行车打气筒借给我吗？考点聚焦1)pump 可以用作动词, 表示 “抽水; 打气; 盘问”。如:You will need to pump hard for several minutes to fill the tank. 你需用泵抽吸几分钟, 才能把油箱灌满。The heart pumps blood into the veins. 心脏把血液送至血管。 Its hard work to pump knowledge into unwilli

16、ng students. 向不自觉的学生灌输知识并非易事。He tried to pump the secretary for information. 他极力向秘书打探消息。2)常用词组:be pumped out累得喘不过气来pump sth. for sth. 盘问, 套问pump away at努力干pump out抽空pump up 给(轮胎, 气垫床等)充气; 使兴奋; 给某人打气v. 完成(任务等), 取得(成功)经典例句He can accomplish more in a day than any other boy in his class. 他一天所完成的工作比他班上其他

17、的孩子都多。I have accomplished a great deal in the last few months. 在过去几个月里，我完成了相当多的工作。 We should not try to accomplish two tasks at once. 我们不能指望同时完成两项工作。考点聚焦1)派 n. accomplishment 成就; 完成, 实现, 达到; pl. 技艺, 才能2)单词辨析:accomplish, complete, finish 都含“完成”的意思。accomplish 通常接 task, aim, journey, voyage 等名词, 有时兼有“达

18、成(效果)”之意, 如:The explorers accomplished the voyage in five weeks. 探险队在五周内完成了航程。complete 比 accomplish 具体, 可接建筑、工程、书籍等名词, 指“按预期目的把未完成的工作经过进一步的努力使之完成”, 主要含义是“补足缺少的部分”, 如:The building will be completed by the end of this month. 这座楼于本月底建成。finish 在许多情况下可与 complete 换用, 但不及 complete 正式, 常含有“认真仔细地完成工作的最后阶段的精工修饰, 使之完美”的意思。 如:I have finished the book. 我已读完了这本书。经典例句The old woman still mourns for her son. 这位老太太还在为儿子的死伤心。 We all mourn the destruction of a well-loved building. 我们都为毁掉心爱的建筑物而痛惜。考点聚焦1)派 mourner n. 送葬者, 参加葬礼者mournful adj. 伤心的, 悲痛的2)常用词组:mourn sb. s death/loss 为某人的死而伤心mourn for 为而哀痛