2019年英语新同步浙江专用必修二讲义：UNIT 1 SECTION Ⅳ LEARNING ABOUT LANGUAGE .doc

1、Section_Learning_about_Language_&_Using_Language A FACT OR AN OPINION?What is a fact? Is it something that people believe？ No. A fact is anything that can be proved. For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world. This is a fact.Then what is an opinion?

2、An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. So an opinion is not good evidence in a trial. For example, it is an opinion if you say “Cats are better pets than dogs”. It may be true, but it is difficult to prove. Some people may not agree with this opinion but they also canno

3、t prove that they are right.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe. The judge does not consider what each eyewitness looks like or where that person lives or works.He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be

4、 facts rather than opinions.This kind of information is called evidence.that引导定语从句，修饰something。any other 任何其他一个more . than any other . 为比较级形式，却表达了最高级的含义，此处相当于has the most people of all the countries in the world。在It can be proved that . 句式中，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。what引导表语从句，其中someone believes为插入语。e

5、vidence/evIdns/n.根据；证据good evidence充分的证据trial/traIl/n.审判；审讯；试验in a trial 在审判中agree with 赞成；同意(后接sb.或what sb. says)agree with 还表示“与一致；(食物、气候等)适合某人”。eyewitness/aIwItnIs/n.目击者；证人句中两个“which不定式”结构都作decide的宾语。or 连接了由what和where引导的两个从句，作动词consider的并列宾语，其语序均为陈述语序。care about 在乎；在意；关心rather than 而不是whether引导的从

6、句作cares about的宾语；which引导非限制性定语从句。 事实还是看法？什么是事实呢？是不是人们所相信的就是事实呢？不是。事实是任何可以被证实的事。举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的，这就是事实。那么，什么是看法呢？看法是人们相信是真实的，但是未经证实。因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。举例来说，如果你说“猫作为宠物比狗好”，这就是看法，这个看法可能是正确的，但是它难以被证实。有些人可能不同意这种看法，但是他们也不能证明他们是正确的。在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。法官并不考虑每个证人的长相如何，也不考虑那个人住在哪里

7、，或者在哪儿工作。他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。这种信息就叫作证据。Step 1Read the text and answer the following question.Whats the main idea of the passage？(no more than 10 words)The passage is mainly about the_differences_between_a_fact_and_an_opinion.Step 2Choose the best answers according to the text.1What r

8、eally is a fact according to the passage?AIt is something that more than one person believes.BIt is something that more than one person has seen or done.CIt is anything that can be proved.DIt is anything that is believed or accepted by most people.2China has the largest number of people in the world

9、._.AIt is a factBIt is an opinionCIt is an evidence DAll the three3A judge must consider the eyewitness_in a trial.Aappearance BjobCopinion Dfacts4How does the writer explain the two terms of “fact” and“opinion”？ABy giving examples. BBy giving definitions (定义)CBy giving evidence. DBoth A and B.答案：14

10、CADD一、这样记单词记得准写得对记得快记得多.基础词汇1.local adj.本地的；当地的2.trial n. 审判；审讯；试验3.sailor n. 水手；海员；船员4.debate n&vi. 争论；辩论5.eyewitness n. 目击者；证人6.sink vi. 下沉；沉下.拓展词汇1.painting n绘画；画paint v油漆；绘画2.evidence n根据；证据evident adj.清楚的；明白的；显而易见的；显然的3.explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸4.entrance n入口；进入enter vt.进入5.informal adj.非正式的fo

11、rmal(反义词)正式的1painting n绘画；画同义drawing, oil, picture, portrait联想各种“中国画”的英语名称Chinese Painting中国画Chinese Figure Painting 中国人物画Chinese Birdandflower Painting 中国花鸟画Chinese Landscape Painting 中国山水画2.iau型动词荟萃beginbeganbegundrinkdrankdrunkringrangrung singsangsungswimswamswum sinksanksunk3.巧记“tce”构成的名词differ

12、entdifference evidentevidenceconfidentconfidence importantimportance二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1take_apart拆开2care_about 关心；介意；在乎3rather_than 而不是4think_highly_of 看重；器重5agree_with 同意6look_after 照顾；照看1at midnight在午夜2the entrance to the mine 煤矿的入口处3by the light of the moon 借着月光4give ones opinion about 关于发表某人的观点

13、5secondhand furniture shop 二手家具店6for oneself 亲自三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.One day he was looking in a secondhand furniture shop when he .一天，他正在一家二手家具店里逛，这时他突然be doing sth. . when . “正在做某事，这时(突然)”。He was_watching_TV_when there was a power failure.他正在看电视，这时停电了。2.For example, it can be proved that China has mor

14、e people than any other country in the world.举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。It_can_be_proved_that he is fit for the job.他适合这项工作，这是可以被证实的。3.In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。两个“疑问词不定式”结构作decide

15、的宾语。We havent decided which_topic_to_talk_about.我们还未决定谈论哪个话题。4.Nor do I think they should give it to any government.我认为他们不应该将它给任何一个政府。否定词置于句首构成的倒装结构。Never_has_he_been_to the United States and Canada.他从未去过美国和加拿大。1(教材P4)The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.老人看到一些德国人

16、拆除并移走了琥珀屋。take apart 拆开He took a radio apart yesterday but didnt know how to put it together again.昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它再装起来。The twins look so much alike that I cant tell_them_apart.这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法区分他们。Apart_from being too large, the trousers dont suit me.这条裤子不但太大，而且我穿着也不合适。2(教材P5)So an opinion i

17、s not good evidence in a trial.因此在审判中，看法不是有说服力的证据。evidence nU，C证据；根据；证明(1)There is some/no evidence that . 有/没有证据证明in evidence 显眼；显而易见(2)evident adj. 明显的；明白的Its evident that . 很明显evidently adv. 显然；明显地；清楚地Theres some evidence that outdoor activities are good for us.有证据证明，户外活动对我们有好处。At present we have

18、 no evidence (evident) of life on other planets.目前我们没有在其他行星上存在生命的证据。It_is_evident_that his house was completely destroyed in the earthquake.很明显，他的房子在地震中被彻底摧毁了。3(教材P5)He/She only cares about whether the eyewitness has given true information, which must be facts rather than opinions.他/她关心的只是证人是否提供了真实的

19、信息，这些信息必须是事实而不是看法。rather than是而不是；与其倒不如(1)rather than 连接两个并列成分，意为“而不是”(2)rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致We will have the meeting in the classroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap.与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。You rather

20、than I are (be) going to go camping.是你而不是我要去野营。名师点津4(教材P5)In April 1945 I heard something explode at midnight.在1945年4月，半夜里我听到有东西爆炸。explode vi.爆炸(1)explode with突然explode with laughter/anger 哄堂大笑/勃然大怒(2)explosion n. 爆炸The bomb exploded, causing a lot of damage.炸弹爆炸了，造成巨大损失。On seeing his funny expressi

21、on, we all exploded_with_laughter.一看到他滑稽的表情，我们都一下子大笑起来。If the gas pipe explodes,_the explosion may do great damage to the buildings around.(explode)如果管道发生爆炸，爆炸会对周围的楼房造成极大损害。5(教材P5)To my surprise the entrance to the mine was closed.令我惊讶的是，通往矿井的入口被关闭了。entrance n入口(1)the entrance to 地点的入口the college en

22、trance examinations 大学入学考试(2)enter vi. 进入exit n. 出口the exit of地点 的出口In return, the local people gave the foreign guests a warm reception at the main entrance.作为报答，当地人在正门给外宾热情的接待。Ill wait for you at the entrance to the zoo tomorrow.明天我会在动物园的入口处等你。He passed the_college_entrance_examinations,_which mad

23、e his parents very proud.他通过了大学入学考试，这使他父母非常自豪。6(教材P6)On the voyage, the ship was attacked and sank.在航海中，船遭到袭击，沉没了。sink vi.下沉；沉下；坐下(sank; sunk)sink into渗入；陷入；沉入；进入sink back 重重地往后坐下sink to 沉到It will take a little time for the rain to sink into the dry earth.要使雨水渗入干土需要一些时间。With his problem settled, he

24、sank back into his comfortable chair with relief.他的问题解决之后，他如释重负地坐到他那把舒适的椅子上。On its first voyage, the big ship hit an iceberg and then sank_to the bottom of the sea.在第一次航行时，这艘大船撞上了冰山，然后沉到了海底。7(教材P7)I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room.我很看重那些寻找琥珀屋的人们。think highly of 看重；器重；对评价高t

25、hink much/well of .(think highly of .) 看重；器重；对评价高think ill/poorly/badly of 认为不好think nothing of . 不重视；认为不足为奇Judging from his expression, he doesnt think highly of your plan.从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。He often tells lies, which makes others think_ill/poorly/badly_of_him.他经常撒谎，这使得别人看不起他。As far as I know, the

26、young man is_highly_thought_of in his company.据我所知，这个年轻人在公司里很受器重。名师点津当think highly/well/much of . 用于被动语态结构时，副词应放于其修饰的动词前，即be highly/well/much thought of。8(教材P7)Read the following tips for organizing an informal class debate.阅读下面关于组织一场非正式的班级辩论赛的建议。debate vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 n讨论；辩论(1)have a debate on/about/o

27、ver sth.进行一场关于某事的辩论/讨论under debate在辩论/讨论中a heated/lively debate 一场激烈的/热烈的争论beyond/without debate 无可争论(2)debate with sb.about/on . 就与某人辩论After a heated debate, we all agreed on the plan.经过一场激烈的辩论，我们就这一计划达成一致意见。Even though the law is under_debate now, it will be passed soon.尽管这部法律仍在讨论中，但是它将很快被通过。We mu

28、st debate the question with the rest of the members.我们必须和其他成员讨论这个问题。1For example, it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.举例来说，中国人口比世界上任何其他一个国家的人口都多，这是可以被证实的。“it can be proved that .”结构中的it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，叫作主语从句，其中that没有实际意义，只起引导作用。It can be proved that wha

29、t he has said is not true.他所说的并不是真的，这可以得到证实。It_is_widely_believed_that China will certainly play a more and more important part in the world.人们普遍认为中国将肯定会在世界上发挥越来越重要的作用。It_is_a_pity_that she has made such a mistake.她犯下这样的错误，真是遗憾。It_is_said_that he has spent the whole day decorating his sitting room.据

30、说他一整天忙于装饰客厅。2In a trial, a judge must decide which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe.在审判中，法官必须断定哪些证人可以相信，哪些证人不能相信。which eyewitnesses to believe and which not to believe是两个带疑问代词which的动词不定式短语，作decide的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。该结构可以作主语、宾语和表语。The experts are debating how to solve the mystery of the Am

31、ber Rooms disappearance.专家们正在讨论如何解开琥珀屋消失之谜。When to_go (go) out for a picnic has not been decided.什么时候外出野餐还没有定下来。 Have you decided where to_spend (spend) your holiday?你们决定到哪里去度假了吗？.单句语法填空1The employee you have been think highly (high) of proves dishonest.2. It can be proved that he is a generous and

32、warmhearted man.3The entrance to the meeting room has already been closed.4There is a lot of evidence (evident) to prove that smoking has a bad effect on our lungs.5A bomb exploded (explode) suddenly by the roadside and destroyed his car.6To be honest, Im at a loss how to_settle (settle) the problem

33、.7He rather than you is (be) to have a talk with the stranger.8The kids watched as the coin sank to the bottom of the pool.补全句子1You should take_this_computer_apart (把电脑拆开) to see what is wrong with it.2It_can_be_easily_proved_that (很容易被证明) nothing is more precious than time.3Im thinking what_to_do_n

34、ext (接下来要做什么)4Mr Green is very generous to us, so all of us think_highly_of_him (对他评价高)5We are_having_a_heated_debate (正在进行激烈的辩论) on the question till late into the night.6I prefer_to_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_work_rather_than_sit_there/would_ratherwork_than_sit_there (宁愿工作而不愿坐在那里) doing noth

35、ing.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1The bomb was ready to explode (爆炸) during the rush hour.2Its an informal (非正式的) party, so you can wear jeans tonight.3The ship sank (下沉) to the bottom of the sea because of the storm.4The judge called in several eyewitnesses (目击者) to the killing.5In order to hide the

36、 treasures, they put a lot of huge stones at the entrance (入口) to the cave.6Her hobbies include music and painting (绘画)7Throughout the trial (审判), he kept silent, which made others feel strange.8Our children go to the local (本地的) schools.9In evidence (明显) we have made great progress these years.10Th

37、ere is always a debate (辩论) about whether students should use cellphones or not at school.补全句子1It_is_proved_that (据证实) the little boy hasnt told lies.2There_was_no_evidence_that (没有证据证明) they had stolen the jewels.3Guests have_free_entrance_to_the_swimming_pool (可以免费进入游泳池) and the health club.4The s

38、tudents, rather_than_their_teacher (而不是他们的老师), are going to have a picnic this weekend.5He is hard to get along with if you dont agree_with_him (同意他)6If you think_highly_of_the_film (对这部电影评价高) you may encourage other people to go and see it.7If Joes wife doesnt go to the party, nor/neither_will_he (

39、他也不去)8They havent decided when_to_hold_the_debate (什么时候举行辩论)本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1The blackboard was_decorated (decorate) with beautiful words, which read “Happy Teachers Day！”2The painting (paint) attracted his attention, which helped him develop an interest in drawing pictures.3You had better have the

40、 car repaired (repair) or itll get you into trouble. 4The room, full of wooden (wood) furniture, is used for receiving the guests from China.5He was born blind, but that didnt stop him from becoming a successful artist (art)6Because of the terrible fire, all the valuable(value) things in the museum

41、were destroyed.7To prove that he is innocent, some new evidence (evident) is needed.8At the entrance (enter) to the building, many people are waiting there now. 9The worker our manager is always thinking highly of saved the little boy.He is really brave. 10He told us whether to_have (have) a picnic

42、was still under discussion.选词填空take apart， less than， think highly of， agree with， at war， be designed for， in return， belong to 1He spoke highly of her; but he did not think_highly_of_ her writing.2Not everyone agrees_with me, but everyone knows white pollution is becoming a serious problem.3The ma

43、chine has already been taken_apart in order to be transported to Beijing.4It took the police less_than two hours to find out the murderer.5Smile at others, and you are sure to get a smile in_return.6The house belongs_to my aunt, but she doesnt live here any more.7These classes are_designed_for both

44、new and experienced music lovers.8During the Second World War Germany was at_war_ with almost all the other countries in the world.多维演练1doubt(1)用whether/if/that填空There is some doubt among the people whether John will attend the party.I have no doubt that Tom will win the game.I do doubt whether/if h

45、e will come tomorrow.I dont doubt that the optimistic girl will not give in to any difficulty.(2)补全句子There_is_no_doubt_that China is making great progress in many fields.毫无疑问中国在许多领域正取得重大进展。2have的相关结构用所给词的适当形式填空The old lady had her foot hurt (hurt) when she cleaned her house.To finish the task on tim

46、e, the workers had the machine working (work) all day.The teacher has his students complete (complete) a lot of practice every evening.The young man had his legs injured (injure) in the accident yesterday.His mother had much housework to_do (do) that day, so she had him paint (paint) the wall for he

47、r.3think highly of(1)用所给词的适当形式填空The man does well in his work and is highly (high) thought of by his boss.The boy doesnt want to share his toys with others, and they think poorly (poor) of him.(2)补全句子People will think_highly_of_you_for your honesty and courage after hearing of your deeds.听说你的事迹后人们会很

48、欣赏你的诚实与勇气。二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧.阅读理解Look around the walls of your classroom. Do you see pictures or paintings? Most of the art on show was probably created by yourself and your classmates, using imagination and your own hands.Each year in Toronto thousands of school children make the best use of their ima

49、ginations and their creative abilities in workshops provided by an organization called the Inner City Angels. These children work directly with professional (专业的) artists on different art programs.Natalie McHaffie is one of the many professional artists who work with the Inner City Angels.“My purpos

50、e is to teach the children about design，” she says.“Once they learn how to put things together, they can use that knowledge for other things they may want to do, such as making a kite or designing a house.”Recently Ms. McHaffie worked with 16 children at St. Bernard School to create a wall painting

51、in the hallway leading to the kindergarten classroom. Together they designed and did the wall painting during one school week.When Ms. McHaffie first met the student artists, she told them, “We must do a painting that will not only please the kindergarten kids but will also offer them information.”E

52、ach of the 16 students was asked to imagine and draw ideas for the painting. After discussing the different ideas together, they chose the theme (主题) “The Four Seasons.”Finishing the painting, four of the student artists had something to say about their experience.Alfea: “You learn more when you do

53、it yourself. As you go along you keep finding out things you didnt know before.”Mauro: “I like working in a group because you get more done than if you work alone.”Paolo: “Its been fun working in a group, not the same kind of exciting fun as when youre playing basketball. When you do art, it makes y

54、ou feel peaceful.”Paulina: “You can learn from working with the other kids. By talking to each other you can find ways to do things.”语篇解读：本文是记叙文。多伦多的学生每年都有机会和职业艺术家合作，共同描绘美丽画卷。1Each year, thousands of school children in Toronto_.Ajoin the Inner City AngelsBtake part in the citys art programsCtake art

55、 classes in different workshopsDcreate paintings on the walls of their classrooms解析：选B细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each year in Toronto thousands of school children”和“These children work directly with professional (专业的) artists on different art programs.”可知，每年都有成千上万的学生参加多伦多的艺术项目。2Ms. McHaffie hopes the children_.A

56、will understand the importance of designBcan design a house of their own some dayCwill start learning easy things such as making a kiteDcan spread knowledge of how to put things together解析：选A推理判断题。根据第三段中Natalie McHaffie说的“My purpose is to teach the children about design”和“they can use that knowledge

57、 for other things they may want to do”可推测，她认为如何设计很重要，因此也希望孩子们理解设计的重要性。3What was the task of the sixteen students?ACollecting paintings at St. Bernard School.BPlaying with the kindergarten kids.CDesigning a classroom.DPainting on a wall.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“16 children at St. Bernard School to create a

58、 wall painting”可知，这16名学生的任务是创作一幅壁画。4We can infer from the text that all the four student artists_.Aenjoyed the peace of their workBlearned quite a lot from their workCsaid something good about each otherDrealized the advantages of group work解析：选B推理判断题。根据最后四段中的开头语可知，这四名学生都从这次的工作中受益匪浅。.阅读七选五Even if yo

59、u think that your parents are meanspirited at times, loving your parents is a normal and fulfilling part of life. You love them for the fact that they created you, raised you, and are in part a source of who you are. Here are some ways to love your parents._1_ A gentle “Good morning” and “I love you

60、” will warm a coldest heart. Remember that they brought you into this world. Without your parents, we might still wander at an unknown corner in an unknown world.Respect them more and cherish these moments. You can use these moments to learn from them when youre off on your own. Its OK to get angry

61、but angry actions dont help you or your parents. Act calmly, cool off, or talk to a friend. _2_Obey their requests. It will make your attitude better and earn you more respect from them. It may seem that you are going through hell (痛苦) when you dont get what you want. However, you had better remembe

62、r they keep a roof over your head when its cold, raining, snowing, or too hot. Understand that parents are human beings and make mistakes. _3_ Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents?Keep company with them. Do things with your parents like watching TV, or go somewhere with t

63、hem. _4_ Listen to their old stories and learn from them. You will find they are your teachers in this way or another.Some people simply may not be able to love their parents. _5_ Seek help if you are being abused in any way. Parents do not have a right to harm you.AForgiveness is the key.BTell them

64、 you love them every morning.CParents will in turn express their love to you.DAfter this, share your feelings with your parents.EAnyway, spend as much time with them as you can.FPlease remember parents are as important as friends.GThere can be realistic reasons for this, family violence for example.

65、语篇解读：也许你的父母在你的心目中并不完美，有这样那样的缺点和不足，但是，毕竟他们养育了你，也曾为你撑起一方无风无雨的天空。所以，一定要学会爱你的父母！1选B根据下文“A gentle Good morning and I love you”可知，此处建议读者每天早晨向父母表达你对他们的爱。2选D上文介绍了一些处理愤怒等不良情绪的办法，最终，作者建议我们要向父母倾诉我们的情感。3选A根据下文“Since you can forgive your friends, why not forgive your parents？”可知，此处建议要学会原谅父母的错误，因为他们也是普通人。4选E根据上下文语境以及该段的主题句“Keep company with them.”可知，作者建议读者要尽可能多和父母待在一起。5选G根据上下文语境可知，有些人对自己的父母爱不起来，是因为有一些客观的理由，比如家庭暴力，下文的“if you are being abused”是关键信息。