高二英语精品学案：UNIT2 THE UNIVERSAL LANGUAGE-GRAMMAR（牛津译林版选修8）.doc

1、课题名称M8U2课型Grammar课时：4【学习目标】Learn to use the ellipsis and how to use it correct.【学习重点】Put what they have learnt into practice by doing some exercises.【学习难点】Learn to use the ellipsis and how to use it correct.【学法指导】【知识链接】 【导学过程】（学习方式，学习内容，学习程序，问题）导学留白省略在一个句子的范围内（包括简单句、并列句和复合句）为了避免重复，使结论简化和精炼，或者为了使某一内容

2、更加显要注目，可以省去某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变，叫作省略。1.省略主语此处省略通常出现在口语语体和私人信件、便条、日记等非正式的文字中，往往省去主语“I”或“it”。如：Beg your pardon.对不起。（省略了主语“I”）Havent seen you for a long time.好久没见到你了。（省略了主语“I”）Serves you right.你活该。（省略了主语“It”）Want a drink, do you? 你想喝点什么吗？2.省略谓语动词省略谓语动词就是指省略谓语中的动词部分，包括助动词和实义动词。如：You can play in the house, bu

3、t you mustnt outside the house.你们可以在家里玩，但别到外面去玩。（mustnt 后省略了play）You live here? 你住在这里吗？（句首省略了助动词Do）Feeling any better today?（你）感觉今天好点了吗？（句首省略了助动词和主语Are you）Once published，the book will caused a remarkable stir。这书一出版，就会引起一场轰动。（因主从句中的主语相一致，而且从句的谓语是动词be，省略了从句Once后的it was）Fill in the blanks with preposi

4、tions where (it is)necessary.在需要的地方用介词填空。（有时尽管主从句中的主语不相一致，但仍省略了从句where后的it is）3.省略表语此种情况常用于表语重复出现时。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am.你是个学生吗？是的，我是（个学生）。（省略了a student）I am happy if you are. 如果你高兴，我就高兴。（省略了happy）You must also be a football fan, since your brother is.既然你兄弟是个足球迷，你必定也是。（省略了a football fan）4.在

5、由“than”引导的从句中的省略在由“than”引导的表示比较的状语从句中，省略的情况是很普通的，只要意义明确，凡是与主句中相同的成分通常都可以在从句中省去。如：Tom is taller than Bell(is).汤姆比贝尔高。（省略了tall）Bill enjoys reading more than Tom. 比尔比汤姆更喜欢看书。（省略了enjoys reading）The film is much more interesting than I expected.这部电影比我预料的有意思得多。（省略了that the film was）5.在动词不定式符号“to”后的省略动词不定式

6、符号“to”后面的动词或动词短语在句中重复出现时，往往可以省略，使语言表达更为精炼。常用的这类动词有ask, forgot, hate, hope, invite, like, love, persuade, refuse, tell, try, want, wish等。如：I wanted him to go with me, but he refused to.(=to go with me)我想叫他和我一起去，但他拒绝那样做。I meant to write to you, but I forgot to.(=to write to you) 我曾打算给你写信，但忘记那样做了。He wa

7、nted to leave before the class was over, but I told him not to.(to leave before the class was over) 他要在下课前离开，但我告诉他不要那样做。6.在疑问词后的省略who, which, when, where, why, how, what等疑问词在引导从句时，其后的成分如与句子中出现的成分相同，往往可以省去。如：Someone has cleaned the classroom, but I dont know who.(=who has cleaned the classroom)有人打扫了教

8、室，但我并不知道是谁。They are going abroad soon, but I dont know when.(=when they are going abroad)他们不久就要出国了，但我不知道具体时间。7.在复合句中的省略复合句中某些成分省略的情形也是很多的。在回答问题时我们常这样说：1）Can you come with your husband this afternoon?今天下午你和你丈夫能一道来吗？I am afraid not.恐怕不能。（=I am afraid that I can not come with my husband this afternoon.

9、)2）Shall I make a copy of it?我是否复制一份？Yes, if time permits.是的。如时间容许，请复制一份。（Yes, please make a copy of it if time permits.）8.有时“so”可用来代替一个从句，或从句的一部分，而把这一部分省略。如：1）Is he coming back tonight?他是否今晚回来？I guess so. 我想是这样。（代替He is coming back tonight.）2)She may not be free today. 她今天下午可能没时间。If so, well have t

10、o put the meeting off. 如果那样的话，我们必须把会议推迟。9.否定词“not”在句末可用来表示省略Will you be free this afternoon? 今天下午你有时间吗？Im afraid not. 恐怕没有。Do you mind my opening the window? 我打开窗户你在意吗？Of course not. 没关系。（二）省略常见情形：1.在由and连接的句子中，为避免重复常省略一些重复的词或词组。Mr. Smith picked up a coin on the road and (Mr. Smith)handed it to a po

11、liceman.Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.His advice made me happy, but(his advice made)Jim angry.他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆很生气。I was born in winter 1998 and Bob(was born in winter) in 1989.2.状语从句中的省略（1）在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, as if/th

12、ough, as, whether等引导的状语从句中，若谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句主语相同或是it时，则从句中主语和be常被省略。His opinion, whether(it is) right or wrong, would be considered.他的意见，无论对错，都要考虑。Errors, if(there are)any, should be corrected.如果有什么错误，就应当改正。（2）虚拟条件句常省略if,将were, had, should提前构成部分倒装。Should there be a flood(=If there should be a flood),

13、what should we do?如果发生了洪水我们该怎么办？Had he taken my advice, he would be a college student now.如果他早接受我的建议，他现在就是一名大学生了。（3）有些状语从句置于句末，可作句尾省略，有时可省略整个从句。I would have come yesterday(if I had wanted to).我昨天本来可以来的（如果我想来的话）。3.定语从句与名词性从句中的省略（1）在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom, which, that可省略；在以the sameas和such as引出的某些定语从句中

14、，也可省略与主句相同的部分。The girl(who/whom/that)the teacher spoke to is Li Yan.老师与其说话的那个女孩是李燕。I dont like such books as this (is).我不喜欢这种书。（2）定语从句中的“主语+系动词be”可以省略。The goods(which were) ordered last month havent arrived yet.上个月订购的货物还没到达。（3）在与suggest, request, order, advise等词相关的名词性从句中，应用虚拟语气形式“should+动词原形”，should

15、可以省略。It is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建议我们去看电影。4.动词不定式省略，只保留to的场合不定式作某些动词的宾语时，常见的动词如like, love, hope, wish, expect, refuse, mean, try, agree等。You can do it if you mean to.如果你愿意可以这么做。5.介词的省略（1）一些与动词、名词或形容词一起搭配的介词常省略，而保留其后的动名词，常见句型有：have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.be busy (i

16、n) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他没能准时到达那里。课后练习：1.Tom wanted to play football with his friends in the street, but his father told him_. Anot to Bnot to do Cnot do it Ddo not to2.Do you think Jack is going to watch a footbal

17、l match this weekend?_.AI believe not BI believe not so CI dont believe it DI dont believe3.What do you think made the girl so glad?_a beautiful necklace.AAs she received BReceiving CReceived DBecause of receiving4. Father advised me not to say anything until_at the meeting. Aasking Bto ask Casked D

18、ask5.Have you watered the flowers?No, but_.AI am BImm going CIm just going to DI will go6. He hasnt gone to the office up to now.Well, he_.Ashould Bought to Cought to go Dought to have7.The war is very likely to break out in the near future.I_.if the situation goes as it is.Ahope so Bhope not Cam af

19、raid not Dam afraid so8.You ought to have given them some advice._, but who cared what I said?ASo ought you BSo I ought CSo I did DSo did you9. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if_.whether he was going in the right direction. Aseeing Bhaving seen Cto see Dto have seen10. _.he come,

20、 the problem would be settled. AWould BShould CShall DIf11.Can I see you at 3:00 pm next Monday?I_. I well have flown to New York long before thsn. Aam afraid not Bam afraid so Cam afraid to Dam afraid not to12. Is that a book on farming? If so, I want to borrow_.Yes, it is. Athis Bit Cone Dthe one1

21、3. _, I will help you with your work. AIf am possible BIf it possible CIf possible DPossible14.How are you getting on with your work?Oh, Im sorry. Things arent going so well as_. Aplans Bplanning Cplanned Dto plan15.Are you a volunteer now?No, but I _. I worked for the City Sports Meeting last year.

22、Aused to Bused to be Cused to do Dwas used to16 She hurriedly left the room_.A.as if angryB.as if she angryC.as if were she angryD.as if be angry17Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment,_I will always treasure.A.thatB.oneC.itD.what18. (经典回放)The house rent is expensive,Ive

23、 got about half the space I had at home and Im paying _ here.A.as three times muchB.as much three timesC.much as three timesD.three times as much19（经典回放）What would have happened _ ,as far as the river bank?A.Bob had walked fartherB.if Bob should walk fartherC.had Bob walked fartherD.if Bob walked fa

24、rther20.Is this the reason _at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?A.he explained。B.what he explainedC.how he explainedD.why he explained课后反思：答案与解析：1A 不定式作宾语补足语时，其后的内容常被省略，只保留不定式符号to。2A3B Receiving a beautiful necklace后面省略了前文中的made the girl so glad。4C 状语从句中省略了I was。5C6D 承前省略的不定式后有助动词have时，不

25、定式等号to后要保留have。7D8C9C as if to see是as if he was going to see的省略说法。10B 此处是对将来情况的假设。虚拟条件句的谓语部分有should, had或were时，可把if省去，而把should, had或were放在从句的主语之前，构成主谓部分倒装。11A12B13C If possible是If it is possible的省略说法。14C15B16提示:补充完整为：“as if she were angry”;因主句主语与从句主语一致，且谓语动词为be，从句主语和谓语可省略。答案:A17提示:用one代替可数名词“a momen

26、t”,“I will always treasure”作定语修饰one，引导词that省去。答案:B18.提示:修饰比较级的three times只能置于比较结构之前，不能置于其后或其中；本题中比较状语从句部分被省略。答案:D19提示:“what would have happened”暗示后面使用虚拟语气，且与过去事实相反；当if省略时，可将were/had/should提前，构成部分倒装；用if从句表达则是if Bob had walked farther。题意：“如果鲍勃走得更远些，走到河岸边会发生什么事呢？”答案:C20.提示:explain作“解释”讲为及物动词，须接宾语；此处关系代词that或which被省略；why引导定语从句时，在句中作状语，相当于for which。答案：A