2020届高考英语二轮复习系列之疯狂专练三 词性转化及词性变化单句填空 语法填空（WORD版含答案）.docx

1、疯狂专练三词性转化单句填空+语法填空技巧点拨当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转化。我们可据以下3条规则顺利解题：(1)作主语或宾语用名词形式；(2)作定语、表语或补足语用形容词形式；(3)修饰动词、形容词或另一副词，作状语，用副词形式。具体解题技巧如下：第一步：分析结构，确定要填的词在句中充当哪种句子成分。在名词前作定语、在系动词后作表语、作主语和宾语的补足语，一般要用形容词；修饰动词、形容词或副词，或修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词；作主语或宾语用名词，或者在冠词、形容词性物主代词或名词所有格后，用名词。第二步：根据构词法将括号中的词变成所需要的词类。注意：1. 有时不但要

2、注意词性转换，而且还要考虑用表示相反意义的前缀或后缀， 其逻辑意义才通顺；2. 当所给词的词性与空格处所需词的词性相同时， 无需改变词性， 就可能是加只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀了。常考考点形容词副词widewidely形容词形容词比较级/最高级widewider/widest形容词名词widewidth形容词动词wide widen动词名词instruct instruction (s)特殊变性happy happily, simple simply， true truly, arrange arrangement，judge judgment小题狂练1.【2019全国 II卷】Her ye

3、ars of hard work have _(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.2【2019全国卷I】It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been _ (poor) studied.3. 【2019全国卷I改编】It leads to a _ (believe) that populations are

4、 increasing4. 【2019浙江卷】Other American studies showed no _ (connect) between uniforms and school performance.5.【2019浙江卷】School uniforms are _ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them.6.【2018全国卷I I】According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of tota

5、l _ (globe) fertilizer consumption.7.【2018全国卷III】Im a _ (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.8. 【2018全国卷I】Running is cheap, easy and its always (energy). 9.【2017全国卷I I】This development was only possible with the _ (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts.10. 【2019浙江卷改编】Whe

6、n the children are walking to school on dark mornings, car drivers can _ (easy) see them.11. She took the job for _（variety）reasons.12. It (eventual) became Chinas primary faith, more widespread than the original Chinese religions of Confucianism and Taoism.13. When they were free from work，they inv

7、ited us to local events and let us know of an interesting _(compete) to watch，together with the story behind it.14. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up.15. He explained that he tried to _ (simple) the show and ensured the piglet

8、is unforgettable.16. The _ (produce) made his fortune thanks to the young peppa pig.17. Now that you are able to take up arms and protect your motherland，we are all_（pride）of you.18. I suggest we should find new ways to protect the _（endanger）animals.19. In the course of _（evolve），some birds have lo

9、st the power of flight.20. In order to protect the environment people shouldnt destroy _（nature）balance.直击考题passage1体裁主题字数建议用时议论文空气污染的影响215字9分钟The silent killer air pollution causes seven million premature (过早的) _1_ (death) a year, not just in _2_ (develop) countries but also in UK and the USA as we

10、ll. In China，people are well aware of the health problems it brings.I check every part every day. If it has heavy air pollution, I will prepare masks for my family. I dislike _3_ when the air is bad. Because bad air makes it difficult for me to breathe and I think it does influence my _4_ (perform)

11、at work. A new research in China has also found a link between air quality and levels of intelligence. In the study, 25,000 people living across China _5_ (test) in language and math skills last year. They found the results of those _6_ lived in more polluted areas were _7_ (negative) impacted, espe

12、cially in languages. It adds to a growing body of evidence that air pollution has an effect not just on the lungs and heart _8_ on the brain.This research shows that the longer we are exposed to air pollution, the _9_ (many) problems were storing up for later life. Campaigners hope this study will p

13、ersuade the British government _10_ (think) hard before it publishes its clean air strategy next year.passage2体裁主题字数建议用时议论文手机与沟通200字9分钟【晋冀鲁豫中原名校2019届高三第三次联考】Stand in line at any grocery store or sit in any hospital waiting room, and you see people staring at their phones, probably catching up on new

14、s or just relieving their boredom. This seems harmless enough. But could being on our phones affect our_1_(able) to connect with the people around us?_2_new study aimed to answer that question.Researcher Kostadin Kushlev and his colleagues asked pairs of college students，_3_were strangers to each ot

15、her_4_(come) into a small lab waiting room-either with or without their phones. They were told that the researchers were running a bit late and they needed to wait. While waiting, their faces were_5_(secret) videotaped. Afterwards, the students_6_(report) how they felt and how much they interacted(互

16、动)with the other participants.The researchers studied videotapes of the faces of airs who interacted，_7_(measure) how often they smiled. The_8_(result)?People with phones exhibited fewer smiles overall. They spent 30% less of the time smiling_9_people without phones, signaling less interest in conne

17、cting with others. Whats more, thirty-two participants with phones didnt interact at all in the waiting room. These findings show that using phones in public _10_(affect) ones interaction with others. Consequently，cell phones should be used wisely.passage3体裁主题字数建议用时说明文金庸的介绍173字8分钟【江西省名校（临川一中、南昌二中）20

18、19届高三5月联合考试】Louis Cha, better known by his pen name Jin Yong, was a Chinese wuxia novelist and essayist, _1_co-founded the Hong Kong daily newspaper Ming Bao in 1959 and _2_ (serve) as the first editor-in-chief. He was Hong Kongs most famous writer.His wuxia novels have _3_ widespread following in C

19、hinese communities worldwide. His 15 works _4_ (write) between 1955 and 1972 earned him a reputation as one of the greatest and most popular wuxia writers ever. By the time of his _5_ (die) he was the best-selling Chinese author, and over 100 million copies of his works have been sold worldwide. His

20、 works have the unusual ability _6_ (go) beyond geographical and ideological barriers separating Chinese communities of the world, achieving _7_ (great) success than any other contemporary writer.Most of his works _8_ (translate) into many languages so far, including English, French, etc. Even the a

21、steroid (小行星) 10930 Jinyong (1998 CR2) is named _9_ him. We cannot thank him more for _10_ he has done in novel literature.答案与解析小题狂练1.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。2.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为

22、“研究很少”。故填poorly。3.【答案】belief【解析】考查名词。根据其前不定冠词和其后的同位语从句可知，空格处为名词形式，故填belief。4.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。句意：其他的美国研究表明校服和学校表现之间没有联系。no是形容词，形容词修饰名词，位于名词前，名词可用复数也可用单数形式。connect是动词，“联系”的意思，因此，要用其名词形式。故填connection/connections。5.【答案】traditional【解析】考查形容词。句意：穿校服在英国是一个传统，但是一些学校开始允许学生上学不用穿校服。are是系动词，其后

23、常用形容词作表语，tradition是名词，“传统”的意思，因此，用其形容词形式。故填traditional。6.【答案】global【解析】考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。7.【答案】scientist【解析】考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。8.【答案】energetic【解析】考查词形变化。跑步总是让人充满活力的。根据its可知，系动词后用形容词作表语。故填energetic。9.【答案】introduction【解析】考查词性转换。空格前是

24、the,后面应该是名词，故填名词introduction。10.【答案】easily【解析】考查副词。分析句式可知，设空处所给词是修饰动词see，修饰动词要用副词，因此，用easy的副词形式。故填easily。11.【答案】various【解析】考查形容词。句意：她由于种种原因接受了这份工作。修饰复数名词reasons应用形容词，故填various。12.【答案】eventually【解析】考查副词。修饰动词became，应用副词形式，故填eventually。13.【答案】competition【解析】考查名词。句意：当他们没有工作的时候，他们邀请我们参加当地的活动，让我们知道一个有趣的比赛

25、，以及它背后的故事。由空格前的不定冠词an与空格后的不定式to watch可以确定空格处应该填名词形式。故填competition。14.【答案】affordable 【解析】考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”, 故填affordable。15.【答案】simplify【解析】考查词性转化。try to do sth.“尝试做某事”后跟动词原形，故填动词simplify。16.【答案】producer【解析】考查词性转化。句意：这位制作人靠年轻的小猪佩奇发了财。做主语，表示“制作人”，故填producer。17.【答案】proud

26、【解析】考查形容词。句意：现在你们能够拿起武器保卫祖国了，我们都为你们感到骄傲。固定短语be proud of=take pride in以为自豪。故填proud。18.【答案】endangered【解析】考查形容词。句意：我建议我们应该寻找新的方法保护濒危动物。修饰名词animals应用形容词形式。endanger（使遭危险）的形容词为endangered，意为“濒危的”，符合句意。故填endangered。19.【答案】evolution【解析】考查名词。句意：在进化的过程中，一些鸟丧失了飞行能力。空格前of为介词，空格后没有其他形式的宾语，所以空格处应用名词形式。evolve（进化）的名

27、词形式为evolution，故填evolution。20.【答案】natural【解析】考查形容词。句意：为了保护环境，人们不应该破坏自然平衡。修饰名词应用形容词形式。nature（自然界，大自然）的形容词形式为natural（自然的）。故填natural。直击考题passage1【答案】1. deaths2. developing 3. it 4. performance 5. were tested6. who 7. negatively 8. but 9. more 10. to think【解析】1.考查名词复数。句意：无声杀手空气污染每年导致700万人过早死亡，不仅在发展中国家，在英

28、国和美国也是如此。此处death“死亡的人数”，是可数名词，结合句意可知此处用复数形式，故答案为deaths。2.考查词性转化。句意参照上题解析。由“but”可知，此处是“发展中的”，是形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，故答案为developing。3.考查it用法。句意：我不喜欢空气不好的时候。此处it是形式主语，when引导的从句是真正的主语，故答案为it。4.考查词性转化。句意：我认为这确实会影响我的工作表现。此处my是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，故答案为performance。5.考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意：在这项研究中，去年对中国各地的2.5万人进行了语言和数学技能测试。此处句子主语

29、people，集体名词，和谓语动词test之间是一种被动关系，再根据last year可知是发生在过去，所以句子用一般过去时态的被动语态，故答案为were tested。6.考查定语从句。句意：他们发现，那些生活在污染更严重地区的人受到了负面影响，尤其是在语言方面。此处those是先行词，指人，在后面的定语从句中作主语，故答案为who。7.考查词性转换。句意参照上题解析。此处impacted是动词，由副词修饰，故答案为negatively。8.考查固定搭配。句意：越来越多的证据表明，空气污染不仅会影响肺部和心脏，还会影响大脑。固定搭配：not just/onlybut（also）“不但而且”。

30、故答案为but。9.考查比较级。句意：这项研究表明，我们接触空气污染的时间越长，我们为以后的生活积累的问题就越多。固定结构：the+比较级，the+比较级“越，越。”故答案为more。10.考查动词。句意：活动家希望这项研究能说服英国政府在明年公布其清洁空气战略之前多斟酌。固定搭配：persuade sb. to do sth.“劝说某人做某事”。故答案为to think。passage2【答案】1. ability 2. A 3. who 4.to come 5.secretly6. reported 7.measuring 8.results 9.than 10.affects【解析】1.

31、考查词性转化。句意：但是使用手机会影响我们与周围的人交流的能力么？作动词affect的宾语用名词，故填ability。2.考查冠词。句意：一项新研究旨在回答这个问题。study意为“研究”，为可数名词，此处是第一次提到，用不定冠词表泛指，故填A。3.考查定语从句。句意：研究员Kostadin Kushlev和他的同事让几组互不相识的大学生进入一间小实验室的等候室，他们可以带手机，也可以不带手机，分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是pairs of college students，故填关系代词who。4.考查动词。句意参考上题析，ask sb. to d

32、o sth表示“让某人做某事”，故填to come。5.考查词性转化。句意：在等待时，他们的脸被秘密地录了下来。修饰动词videotaped用副词，故填secretly。6.考查时态。句意：之后，学生们报告了他们的感觉以及与其他参与者的互动有多少。事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时，故填reported。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员研究了互动的学生的面部表情录像，测量他们微笑的频率。 researchers与measure之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填measuring。8.考查名词。句意：结果呢？总的来说，带手机的学生微笑次数更少。result为可数名词，根据随

33、后的介绍可知,此处不止一个结果，故此处用可数名词复数形式.，故填results。9.考查介词。句意：他们微笑的时间比没带手机的学生少30。根据“less”可知此处填介词than。10.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这些发现表明，在公共场合使用手机会影响与他人的互动。主句的谓语动词“show”表明此处用一般现在时，动名词短语using phones in public作主语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填affects。passage3【答案】1. who 2. served 3. a 4. written 5. death6. to go 7. greater 8. have been tra

34、nslated 9. after 10. what【解析】1.考查非限定性定语从句。句意：查良镛，笔名金庸，中国武侠小说家、散文家。1959年，他与人共同创办了香港日报明报，并担任首任主编。此处为非限定性定语从句，先行词为Louis Cha，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who。2.考查时态。句意参考上题解析，根据时间状语“in 1959”可知，此处使用一般过去时，故填served。3.考查冠词。句意：他的武侠小说在世界各地的华人社区有着广泛的追随者。following作名词时是可数名词，此处用不定冠词表泛指，故填a。4.考查非谓语动词。句意：他从1955年到1972年创作的15部武侠作品使

35、他被誉为有史以来最伟大、最受欢迎的武侠作家之一。works 与write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，表示被动，用过去分词作后置定语，故填written。5.考查名词。句意：去世时，他是中国最畅销的作家。作介词of的宾语用名词，故填death。6.考查不定式。句意：他作品具有不同寻常的能力，超越了分离世界华人社区的地理和意识形态的障碍，取得了比任何当代作家都大的成功。ability后接不定式作定语，表示“的能力”，故填to go。7.考查形容词比较级。句意参考上题解析，“than”表明此处用比较级形式，故填greater。8.考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，他的大部分作品已经被翻译成多种语言。“so far”表明用现在完成时，works 与 translate之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，故填have been translated。9.考查固定搭配。句意：甚至小行星10930 金庸 (1998 CR2)是以他的名字命名的。name after表示“以命