高考英语专题定语从句语法详解以及练习题.doc

1、定语从句定语从句就是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，并且作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词（一）定语从句一般由关系代词和关系副词引导1、关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that, as2、关系副词：when, where, why关系代词和关系副词必须位于主句先行词之后，定语从句之首，起着连接先行词和定语从句的作用，同时在从句中又充当句子成分。先行词：定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁家的女孩。关系代词 that 人/物 主语 宾语 Which 物 主语 宾语 Whom 人 宾语

2、Who 人 主语 宾语 Whose 人/物 定语 As 人/物 主语 宾语 先行词 在定语从句中作的语法成分关系副词 when 时间名词 状语Where 地点名词 状语Why 原因reason 状语关系副词when（指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，where（指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语），why（指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语）。who, whom, whose, which, that, as的使用先行词指人，在定语从句中作主语，用who/that,并且不能省略She is the girl who/that lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁家的女孩。先行词指人，在定语从

3、句中作宾语，用whom/who/that,可以省略That is the girl whom/who/that I teach. 那个就是我教的女孩。先行词指物，在定语从句中作主语，用which/that,并且不能省略The work that/which has just been finished is very important. 刚刚完成的那份工作非常重要。先行词指物，在定语从句中作宾语，用which/that,可以省略This is the book which/that I want to read. 这就是我想读的一本书。先行词指人或者物，并且在定语从句中作定语，用whose/

4、of whom/of which.I know the boy whose father is a policeman. This is the house whose window faces to the south. 这就是面朝南的那个房子。This is the house, the window of which faces to the south.This is the house, of which the window faces to the south.as引导定语从句时的用法as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same as, such as结构中。Such+ 名词+

5、as像。一样的，像。之类的Such + as像。一样的，像。之类的The same+名词+as 和。同样的e.g. I want the same shirt as my friends. 我要一件跟我朋友一样的衬衫。He is not the same man as I knew.他不是我过去认识的那个人了This book is not such as I expect. 这不是我想要的书。He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.他是一个人人都喜欢的聪明的男孩He is such a clever boy as everyone likes.他是

6、一个如此聪明的孩子以至于人人都喜欢他。定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1）用that而不用 which，who,whom的情况：先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing, all, everything ；e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 没有什么能阻止他不干那件事。先行词有最高级修饰the most, the best，有序数词修饰the first, the second.This is the best film that I have ever seen. 这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。T

7、he first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他们所参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。先行词有only, very, any, all, one of , few, no, little, few, much, 等表示程度词，不定代词修饰. Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他认识的唯一的外国人.This is the very dictionary that I want to buy.There was little that I c

8、ould do for you.先行词既有人又有物时。The house fell and hurt a woman and her dog that were just passing by.Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?主句已有疑问词who , which 时 只用that.Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?Edison built up a factory which

9、 produced things that had never been seen before.2）用which,who,whom而不用 that的情况： 引导非限制性定语从句 逗号之后不能用that； e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他数学考试没有及格，这使他的父亲很生气。限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句1、限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。对先行词起修饰限制的作用 e.g. I was the only person in our of

10、fice that was invited to join the party .（去掉定语从句，意思就不完整）2、非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号隔开，不能that用引导。 对先行词起补充说明的作用，与主句往往用逗号隔开。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引导非限制性定语从句，整个句子可分成两句来翻译）在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人的时候，关系代词只能是who,whom，不能用that；There are many students

11、 in the classroom, most of whom are boys.先行词指物的时候，关系代词只能用which,不能用that。 I have a lot of books, most of which are English books.代表整个主句的意思； He was late again, which made the teacher very unhappy.他又迟到了这使得老师很不高兴介词 + 关系代词。This is the room in which/where my father lived last year. 这是父亲去年居住过的房子。This is the

12、 room which/that my father lived in last year.1. Because of my poor memory, all _ you told me has been forgotten.A. that B. which C. what D. as2. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week. A. which B. that C. whom D. as3. The man _ around our school is

13、from America.A. which you showed B. you showed him C. you showedD. where you showed4. He talked about a hero _ no one had ever heard.A. of whom B. from whom C. about that D. who5. The foreign guests, _ were government officials, were warmly welcomed at the airport.A. most of them B. most of that C.

14、most of whom D. most of those6. This is the very letter _came last night.A. who B. which C. that D. as7. I live in the house _ windows face south.A. which B. whose C. where D. in that关系副词的用法当先行词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。When=表示时间的介词（如in,at,on,during等）+whichWhere=表示地点的介词（如in,at,on,under等）+whichWhy =表示原因的介词（如

15、,for）+whichI still remember the day when/on which I first came to Chongqing. 我还记得第一次来重庆的那一天。This is the room in which/where I lived last year. 这是我去年居住过的房子。This is the room which/that I lived in last year.Do you know the reason why/for which he is absent? 你知道他缺席的原因吗？1. Do you remember those days _ we

16、 spent along the seashore very happily?A. when B. where C. which D. who2. This is the factory _ we worked a year ago.A. where B. that C. which D. on which3. John invited about 40 people to his wedding,，most of _ are family members.(2019年重庆高考真题) A. themB. that C. whichD. whom【解析】本题考查定语从句，每年高考必考点。意思，约

17、翰邀请了40人来参加婚礼，其中大多数都是家人。4. Well reach the sales targets in a month _ we set at the beginning of the year. (2019年重庆高考真题) A. which B. where C. when D. what【解析】本题考查定语从句，每年高考必考点。意思，一个月内，我们就可以达到在年初时设定的销售目标了。定语从句_ we set at the beginning of the year，从句动词set缺少宾语，we set the sales targets at the beginning of the year所以需要选择做成分的关系代词。A。