高考英语临场技法之阅读理解篇.doc

1、高考英语临场技法之阅读理解篇 zhujiagui Page 8 10/28/2025高考阅读理解要求考生在35分钟左右的时间内，完成对五篇不同题材、体裁短文的理解。它考查的不仅是考生对整篇文章的把握能力，还考查了他们快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力；考生不仅要理解文章的表层意思，更重要的是要通过文章的表层去合理推断、挖掘文章的隐含意义、延伸意义。这是对考生能力、智力、心理的一个综合检验。阅读理解的好坏在很大程度上决定着英语考试成绩。高三一年尽管每天都做阅读理解题，但有些同学因为没有掌握正确的阅读策略，尽管天天读，能力却无明显提高。下面针对高三学生在阅读中存在的误区，以2004年

2、NMET阅读理解为例，具体谈一谈应如何掌握正确的阅读策略，从而有效地避免阅读理解中的失误。一读完一篇短文后，头脑中只有些零散的信息，而抓不住文章的中心，应如何抓住文章的中心和主线，做好主旨大意题呢？策略指导： 读完一篇短文后应有意识地回味一下文章的大致内容，理一理文章的脉络，体会一下段与段之间的内在联系，这样做文章的中心一般都能概括出来, 涉及文章主旨大意方面的题目自然会在头脑中由模糊变清晰。在2004NMET阅读理解中，有两个小题（65, 71）是直接从文章的主旨大意角度命题的：65. The text is mainly written to explain _.A. how to kee

3、p yourself from being hurtB. how to stay mentally healthyC. how and when to remain calmD. why and how to pardon others 【思路点拨】本篇是社会方面的说明文。读完文章后通过回味可体会出文章的大致内容：在人们心灵受到伤害时，应如何饶恕别人。文章的第一段说明饶恕别人的好处，即为什么饶恕别人；文章的第二段说明怎样饶恕别人，以摆脱坏情绪的束缚。全篇的中心词汇就是forgiveness, forgive, 因此答案为D, 其他三个选项都偏离了文章的主题。71. What might be

4、the most suitable title for the text? A. Two Important Tests on Airplanes B. The Importance of Flying Safely C. The Danger of Testing Airplanes D. How Airplanes Are Made and Tested【思路点拨】本篇是科普说明文。文章主要介绍了飞机在投入使用之前为了确保飞机安全所做的两种检测。文章第一段就交代了本文说明的中心But there are two tests that are more important than all

5、the others.然后文章在后两段分别对两种测试水箱测试和飞行控制测试分别做了具体说明。B项飞行安全的重要性偏离了文章的中心；C项飞机测试的危险仅是文章的细节；D项飞机的制造和测试，所涉范围过大，因为文章没有提到飞机的制造过程。因此答案为A。技巧总结：我们在归纳文章主题时，一定要注意选项的内涵和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主题，既不能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当作主题。阅读时我们还应注意捕捉文章出现频率较高的中心词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在选择文章题目时，还应注意语言方面的特点：文章题目往往具有凝练、醒目的特点。二文章的字面意思往往容易理解，但不知道如何理解文章的深层含义，我们

6、应如何进行推理判断，做好推理判断题呢？策略指导：深层含义通常是隐藏在文字背后的延伸之意，弦外之音，如作者的意图、倾向、语气，人物的性格、心理、情感，故事的结局，事情的因果关系等。因此大家需调动自己的逻辑思维能力，透过字里行间，去严密推理，合理想象。在2004NMET阅读理解中，有七个小题（56, 60, 61, 64，69，70，75）涉及文章深层意义的推断：56. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce a language school in Japan.B. To hire language teachers to work in

7、Japan.C. To describe working conditions in Japan.D. To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers.【思路点拨】通读全文可知，本文是招聘广告。综合分析文章所给的信息词句，我们可以得出结论：(1) 招聘的对象是外籍教师，所教授的语言是各自的母语（English, German, Spanish and French）；（2）工作的地点是日本。因此B项正确。而其他三个选项都仅仅是广告内容的某一侧面，不能概括整个广告的内容。60. What did Greg Rota probably do

8、 in the end? A. Took photos of Doran. B. Had a meeting with Doran. C. Returned the prize to the organizer.D. Apologized to Wobum High School.【思路点拨】本题要求对文章延伸意义进行推断，涉及B篇第一则短消息中的内容，从最后No one would have known, said Wobums instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasnt a difficult decision: The prize wasnt ou

9、rs to take. 可知，Greg Rota最终决定退回误得的冠军奖杯。答案为C。【技巧总结】隐含信息并非空穴来风， 而是有源之水，即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载体。大家应准确捕捉信息，调动智力因素，严密推理，合理想象，忌凭空想象 或断章取义。在阅读理解中结合自己的常识进行判断是必要的，但决不能以常识取代信息分析。推理判断既要严密，又要灵活。三有时文章读懂了，但做题时不知从何入手去获取必要的信息支持，应如何快速、准确地捕捉信息词句，做好细节理解题呢？策略指导：先浏览一遍题目，把题目的要求储存在大脑中，带着疑问去快速阅读，然后找出与题目相关的信息词句加以理解分析，去伪存真。此种办法能有效地避

10、免做细节理解题时的失误。在2004NMET阅读理解中，有九个小题（57, 58, 59, 63, 66，67, 68, 70，73）是细节理解题，几乎占到整个阅读理解的50%。73. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates _.A. are ready to change when situations change B. are better able to deal with difficulties C. are equally good at computer skills D. are l

11、ikely to give others pressure【思路点拨】综合分析所给的信息词句because this hightech Information Age demands people who are flexible.及Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change.可以得出结论：社会科学专业的毕业生更善于应对变化。答案为A。【技巧总结】准确捕捉信息，注意对信息进行综合分析，分清主次、真伪，避免受信息的干扰，陷入高考题所设下的陷阱，误选干扰项，因为某些干扰选项在文章中也能找到依据，具有很强的迷惑

12、性。四词义理解题也是大家容易失误的题型，应如何进行词义的判断，做好语意理解题呢？策略指导：首先从词汇所处的语境进行分析，注意上下文之间的关系，如：如果出现that is, that is to say或破折号等，我们可以断定，后面的内容是对前面内容的解释；如果出现转折词but, however, yet以及表示相反结果的on the contrary, on the other hand等，我们可以从所给内容相反的意义去考虑。2004NMET阅读理解中有三道小题（62, 72, 74）考查考生对词汇或语意的理解判断。62. The underlined word Change in the s

13、econd paragraph means _.A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins【思路点拨】分析B篇阅读的第二则短消息可知，大学生收集零钱（硬币）捐给慈善机构，从而帮助穷人或其他需要帮助的人们，以改变他们的命运，因此change的意思只能是零钱（硬币），即coins。 答案D。72. By saying that you may have had the last laugh in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have _.A. shared the jokes with comp

14、uter majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors D. stopped joking about computer majors【思路点拨】从字面意思看，本句是英语谚语Who laughs last laughs best.的借用说法；从后文看，这儿主要是指社会科学专业的毕业生就业时比其他专业的毕业生有优势。A项和D项仅是本句字面意思的误解；B项与本文内容不符。答案为C。【技巧总结】高考语意判断题很多都是考查旧词新义的理解。因此大家需把词汇或短句的字面意

15、义与语境和上下文结合起来，选择最切合文章内容，最符合上下文逻辑的意义，切忌望文生义。五结构复杂的长句子出现在阅读理解中往往造成大家心理上的紧张，有时读了好几遍还不知道句子的意思，白白浪费了时间，应如何对待阅读理解中的长句子呢？策略指导：阅读理解中的结构复杂的句子一般分为两大类：第一类是由复合句或并列句构成的长复杂句子；第二类是省略句。对于第一类句子，大家应抓其主干成分，理解其主体意思，其他的成分都是对主体意思的修饰和补充。对于第二类句子，大家应通过上下文找出省略成分，把句子补充完整。如2004NMET阅读理解的第小题就涉及了对长句子的理解：74. The underlined word lan

16、d in the last paragraph probably means _.A. keep for some time B. successfully get C. immediately start D. lose regretfully【思路点拨】本题需要理解由长句子组成的最后一段：Finally, although some social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent gra

17、duates report that they dont regret their choice of study.本句是由although引导的让步状语从句构成的复合句。句子的主体意思是社会科学系的学生不后悔自己的专业选择，although引导的让步状语从句说明他们在找第一份工作时所遇到的困难。人们在找第一份工作的时候往往都不容易，因此此处land的意思只能是成功地得到，答案为B。【技巧总结】结构复杂的句子往往出现在说明文或议论文中，这是造成考生心理紧张的主要原因。大家应冷静下来，结合文章所说明或议论的中心话题，抓住主干，层层理解。附：2004年NMET阅读理解题阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四

18、个选项（A、B、C和D中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ATired of Working in Your Country!With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience, we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages. We now have positions open in Osaka starting September/October 2004 for instructors of English, German, Spanish and Fr

19、ench. Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 3 students.Accommodation (住宿), and other necessary documents (文件) will be ready before you leave. Applicants will teach their first language only. Excellent teacher training programs.If you are young wi

20、th a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply (申请) now. Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required. Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements.Apply with C

21、. V. and send letters to:NOVA France, Mr. Sampy (IHT3/2)34, Bd. Haussmann, 75009 Paris, FranceFax: 33148014804Or visit our website: www. teadyp. comThe manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July.56. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce a language

22、 school in Japan. B. To hire language teachers to work in Japan.C. To describe working conditions in Japan. D. To make clear the requirements for Japanese teachers.57. We know from the text that those who are going to Japan will _.A. teach English only in Osaka B. receive a degree from a university

23、C. have free accommodation D. get trained for the job58. Before going to Japan, you need _.A. to see the manager of NOVA France B. to take some computer courses C. to write a letter to Japan D. to find a place to live59. If you want to work in Japan you should _.A. have some working experience B. kn

24、ow how to use computers C. present good teaching plans D. speak several languagesBGiving BackFair WayThe Westborough High School golf team had taken the official photos with the state prize. The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. And then Westborough instructor Greg Rota notice

25、d something wrong xn one of the score cards. A 9 had been recorded as a 7. They were not the state prize winner; Wobum High had won. No one would have known, said Wobums instructor, Bob Doran. For Rota, it wasnt a difficult decision: The prize wasnt ours to take. Coin StarsCollege students are lazy,

26、 but they also want to help, says University of Pennsylvania graduate Dana Hork. So she made it easy, placing cups in rooms where students could leave their spare coins, and handing out cups to first-year students to keep in their rooms. Her Change for Change effort has collected $40,000 for chariti

27、es 慈善机构) , which were decided upon by students.Never Forgotten A school in Massachusetts received a $ 9.5 million check from Jacques LeBermuth. But it took officials several days of digging to discover his connection to the school. Records showed the LeBermuth came from Belgium and studied in the sc

28、hool in the 1920s. When his family fell on hard times, he was offered free room and board. LeBermuth became a trader, owned shares of AT&T and lived off the earnings until he died, at age 89.60. What did Greg Rota probably do in the end? A. Took photos of Doran. B. Had a meeting with Doran. C. Retur

29、ned the prize to the organizer. D. Apologized to Wobum High School.61. Greg Rotas decision shows that he was _.A. honest B. polite C. careful D. friendly62. The underlined word Change in the second paragraph means _.A. Idea B. Decision C. Cups D. Coins63. What did the school officials do after recei

30、ving the check from Mr. LeBermuth? A. They tried to find out why he gave them the money. B. They went to Belgium to pay their respects to him. C. They dug out the records that were buried underground. D. They decided to offer their students free room and board.64. Jacques LeBermuth gave the money to

31、 the school because _.A. the school asked for it B. he had no need for that much money C. the school had helped him in the past D. he wanted to be remembered by the studentsCWhen someone has deeply hurt you, it can be extremely difficult to let go of your anger. But forgiveness is possible - and it

32、can be surprisingly helpful to your physical and mental health. Indeed, research has shown that people who forgive report more energy, better appetite (胃口) and better sleep patterns. People who forgive show less anger and more hopefulness, says Dr. Frederic Luskin, who wrote the book Forgive for Goo

33、d. So it can help save on the wear and tear on .our system and allow people to feel more energetic.So when someone has hurt you, calm yourself first. Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, someone you love. Don t wait for an apology. Man

34、y times the person who hurt you may never think of apologizing, says Dr. Luskin. They may have wanted to hurt you or they just dont see things the same way. So if you wait for people to apologize, you could be waiting a very long time. Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean acceptin

35、g the action of the person who upset you. Mentally going over your hurt gives power to the person who brought you pain. Instead, learn to look for the love, beauty and kindness around you. Finally, try to see things from the other person s perspective 视角). You may realize that he or she-was acting o

36、ut of ignorance (无知) , fear - even love. To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to yourself from that person s point of view.65. The text is mainly written to explain _.A. how to keep yourself from being hurtB. how to stay mentally healthyC. how and when to remain calmD. why and how to

37、pardon others 66. According to the writer, what is the right way to calm down after being hurt?A. Try to figure out why you get hurt.B. Write a letter to the person who hurt you.C. Persuade yourself to accept what others have done to you.D. Think about pleasant things and forget about the hurt.67. D

38、r. Luskin advises us not to wait for an apology after being hurt because _.A. we are not patient enough B. we d feel worse accepting others apology C. people seldom want to apologize D. people don t mean it when they apologizeDBefore a new type of airplane goes into service, every part of it is test

39、ed again and again. But there are two tests that are more important than all the others.The first is called the tank test. A modem airplane must fly very high in the sky. Air must be pumped into the plane so that the passengers can breathe. The metal structure (结构)of the plane has to be very strong

40、for this reason. When the plane is filled with air, the air presses against the skin of the plane inside. The pressure (压力) on a small window is like a huge foot that is trying to get out. If a small part of the plane were to fail, the plane would explode in the sky. To test the structure of the pla

41、ne, the plane is lowered into a huge tank or container of water. Then it is filled with air. Vne pressure inside the plane is greater than it ever will be when it is high up in the air. Finally, there is an explosion. This does not cause so much damage inside the water tank as it would anywhere else

42、. Engineers can discover which part of the plane has broken. Then that part is made stronger.The most dangerous test happens when the new plane is going through test flights in the air. The test pilot must find out exactly what happens when the engines (发动机) are all shut off at once. The plane begin

43、s to fall like a stone. It is the pilot s job to find out how he can get control of the plane again. These two tests are examples of how planes are made safe before they ever carry passengers.68. By doing the tank test, the engineers can find out _.A. the amount of air in the plane B. the strength o

44、f the plane structure C. the pressure inside and outside the plane D. the power of the airplane engines69. What will happen to the plane under the tank test?A. It will be broken. B. It will be made stronger. C. It will be filled with water. D. It will be tested by pilots,70. According to the text, w

45、hy are test flights most dangerous?A. The plane may explode in the air. B. The pilot may lose control of the plane. C. The engines may be damaged. D. Too much air may get into the plane.71. What might be the most suitable title for the text? A. Two Important Tests on Airplanes B. The Importance of F

46、lying Safely C. The Danger of Testing Airplanes D. How Airplanes Are Made and TestedEIf you are a recent social science graduate who has had to listen to jokes about unemployment from your computer major classmates, you may have had the last laugh. There are many advantages for the social science ma

47、jor because this high-tech Information Age demands people who are flexible (灵活的) and who have good communication skills.There are many social science majors in large companies who fill important positions. For example , a number of research studies found that social science majors had achieved great

48、er managerial success than those who had technical training or pre-professional courses. Studies show that social science majors are most suited for change, which is the leading feature (特点) of the kind of high speed, high-pressure, high-tech world we now live in.Social science majors are not only e

49、xperiencing success in their long-term company jobs, but they are also finding jobs more easily. A study showed that many companies had filled a large percentage of their entry-level positions with social science graduates. The study also showed that the most sought-after quality in a person who was

50、 looking for a job was communication skills, noted as very important by 92 percent of the companies. Social science majors have these skills, often without knowing how important they are. It is probably due to these skills that they have been offered a wide variety of positions.Finally, although som

51、e social science majors may still find it more difficult than their technically trained classmates to land the first job, recent graduates report that they don t regret their choice of study.72. By saying that you may have had the last laugh in the first paragraph, the author means that you may have

52、 _.A. shared the jokes with computer majors B. earned as much as computer majors C. found jobs more easily than computer majors D. stopped joking about computer majors73. Compared with graduates of other subjects, social science graduates _.A. are ready to change when situations change B. are better

53、 able to deal with difficulties C. are equally good at computer skills D. are likely to give others pressure74. The underlined word land in the last paragraph probably means _.A. keep for some time B. successfully getC. immediately start D. lose regretfully75. According to the text, what has made it easy for social science graduates to find jobs? A. Willingness to take low-paid jobs. B. Readiness to gain high-tech knowledge. C. Skills in expressing themselves. D. Part-time work experience.