高考英语复习：情态动词与虚拟语气的讲解与用法.doc

1、看高考试题，学情态动词情态动词的解题技巧：(1) 认真审题，结合所给出的语境，正确把握说话者的语气、情感、态度、观点等。(2) 认真思考所给选项中情态动词的基本特征和用法，并结合语境推敲答案。(3) 要注意把握时间概念。情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。例如：（NMET2008山东，24）Thank you for all your hard work last week. I dont think we _ it wit

2、hout you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。故答案为B项。情态动词用法归类与高考试题分析：（一）表示推测的情态动词对现在或将来情况推测，用情态动词+do / be / be doing；对过去的推测，用情态动词+have done / been；

3、表示肯定推测的情态动词按可能性大小依次为 must, should / ought to, may, might, could；否定推测，常用cant / couldnt，译为“根本不可能”、“想必不会”，表示推测的语气非常肯定，may not, might not或could not译为“可能不”、“也许不”，表示推测的语气不很肯定。 (1) must表示推测，意为“一定”，只能用于肯定句中。 must have done意为：一定做过某事或某事肯定发生了。 例如： (NMET2007 江苏)She looks very happy. She _ have passed the exam.I

4、 guess so. Its not difficult after all. A. should B. could C. must D. might【解析】句意为：她看上去很高兴，一定是通过了考试。【答案】C(2) should (not) / ought (not) to在中表示根据常规或常识推测，表示“某事应该或不应该发生”，语气比must或cant / couldnt稍弱。例如： (NMET2007全国I)Hows your tour around the North Lake? Is it beautiful?It _ be, but it is now heavily pollut

5、ed.A. will B. would C. should D. must 【解析】should此处表示推测，意为“应该”。【答案】C(NMET2005上海)There _ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school. A. mustnt B. shant C. shouldnt D. neednt【解析】句意：既然你在驾校进行了大量训练，那么通过道路测试按理不应该有困难C(3) can, could表达推测时，一般用于疑问句和否定句中；ca

6、n用于肯定句中表示一种理论上的可能性，并不牵涉是否真的会发生，在这种用法中can只能与动词原形连用；could用于肯定句中，语气比may/ might更弱。 （NMET08浙江）You _ be hungry already you had lunch only two hours ago! A. wouldnt B. cant C. mustnt D. neednt（08天津）She _ have left school, for her bike is still here. A. cant B. wouldnt C. shouldnt D. neednt（08福建）It is usual

7、ly warm in my hometown in March, but it _ be rather cold sometime. A. must B. can C. should D. would（08辽宁）Peter _ be really difficult at times even though hes a nice person in general. A. shallB. shouldC. canD. must【解析】 两个考题中can用于中表示否定的推测，意为：不可能，一定不会； 两个考题中can表示理论上的可能性，翻译为：有时候会。【答案】 B A B C (4)may (

8、not) / might (not)表达一种不太把握的推测，意为“或许，可能”；might的语气比may较婉转。例如： (NMET2008全国II) Liza _ well not want to go on the trip - she hates traveling. A. will B. can C. must D. may【解析】may well为固定搭配，意为：很可能，极有可能。【答案】 (NMET2008四川) Although this _ sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A. must B. may C. shal

9、l D. should【解析】这听起来或许是一项简单的任务，但却需要极大的细心。【答案】B (NMET2008重庆)I cant find my purse anywhere. You _ have lost it while shopping. A. may B. can C. should D. would【解析】结合语境可知，回答者是在提醒对方：或许购物时把钱包丢了。【答案】A（二）表达虚拟语气的情态动词对过去的一种结果的假设或虚拟，用情态动词+have done这一结构，常用的有以下几个情态动词：(1) should (not) / ought (not) to have done本（

10、不）应该做某事，但却没有做或做了，含有责备或后悔之意。例如：（NMET2008江苏）Im sorry. I _at you the other day.Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A. shouldnt shout B. shouldnt have shoutedC. mustnt shoutC. mustnt have shouted【解析】对不起，我那天本不应该对你大喊大叫的。【答案】B (2) could have done本来能够做某事但未做。例如：（NMET2008山东）Thank you for all your ha

11、rd work last week. I dont think we _ it without you. A. can manage B. could have managedC. could manage D. can have managed【解析】根据题干中所给出的时间last week可知我们已经做完了工作，已经完成，故排除A、C两项，再结合could have done表示虚拟语气以及与前面的I dont think，故说话者想表达的意思是：离开了你，我们本不可能完成这项工作。【答案】B(3) neednt have done本没有必要做某事但却做了。要注意neednt do则表达“

12、没有必要去做某事”，时间上应该是现在或将来。例如：(NMET2005福建)Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.Thanks. You _ it. I could manage it myself. A. neednt do B. neednt have done C. mustnt do D. shouldnt have done【解析】根据句意可知Catherine对对方为她打扫了房间表示感谢并提到对方不必为她打扫房间。【答案】B(NMET2007上海春) The boss has given everyone a special holid

13、ay, so we go to work tomorrow. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】老板给所有的员工放了假，所以我们明天不必再去上班。【答案】C(4)would (not) have done本来(不)会发生某事，但却（发生了）或没有发生。常用于虚拟条件句或含蓄虚拟条件引导的虚拟语气，表示对过去所发生事情结果的假设。例如：(NMET2001上海春) He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise, he _ a goal. A. had scored B.

14、scored C. would score D. would have scored【解析】句中otherwise为含蓄条件，相当于if he had not hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball，这是对过去的一种虚拟假设。【答案】D(5) might have done表示“本来可能”，但实际上没有发生的事。例如：(NMET2008江西)What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he _ better. A. need have done B. must have done

15、C. can have done D. might have done【解析】真是可惜！考虑到他的能力和经验，他本来可以做得更好的。【答案】D（三）表达“情感、态度、语气” 等方面的情态动词1. must表达“情感、态度、语气”主要有以下用法：(1) 表示主观的义务和必要，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，意思为“必须，得，要”；由must引起的疑问句，肯定回答要用must或have to， 否定回答要用neednt或dont have to,意思是“不必”。另外，must与have to都可以表示“必须”这一含义。must表示一种主观的需要，而have to表示一种客观的需要，意思是“不得不”，其否定

16、形式是don have to。 例如：(NMET2008陕西)-What sort of house do you want to have? Something big?-Well, it _ be big-thats not important. A. mustnt B. neednt C. cant D. wont 【解析】Something big?此处意为：Must it be big? 回答者的意思是：房子不必太大那并不重要。【答案】B (2) must的否定形式mustnt表示禁止，意思是“不能，不许”。例如：(2008上海春)When I was young, I was to

17、ld that I _ play with matches A. wouldnt B. neednt C. mustnt D. darent【解析】当我年轻的时候，（家人）就一直告诫我千万不要玩火柴。【答案】C(3) must用于条件句或疑问句中，可以用来表示责备、抱怨的感情色彩，意思为“偏要，硬要、干嘛”。例如：（NMET2006山东）May I smoke here ?If you _, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must（05全国）John, look at the time. _

18、 you play the piano at such a late hour?AMust BCan CMay DNeed【解析】must在这两道试题中均表示“非得，偏要”。【答案】 D A2. should(1) should应该，表示“责任和义务”。例如：(NMET2008上海) According to the air traffic rules, you _ switch off your mobile phone before boarding. A. mayB. can C. wouldD. should【解析】should此处表示根据交通法规应尽的责任和义务。【答案】D(2) 在

19、虚拟条件句中用以加强假设语气，表示“与将来事实相反的假设”，用 If+主语+ should +动词原形，当“万一(会)”讲。这时可省略if，将should提到句首，变为倒装句式。请看下面的例子： If it should rain (=Should it rain) tomorrow, I would stay at home.万一明天下雨的话，我就待在家里。再如：(06湖北)_ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be

20、 C. Could you be D. Might you be【解析】句意：万一你被解雇，给你的医疗救助和其它方面的福利也不会被取消。答案B(3) should还可以用来表示说话人对某事不能理解、赶到意外、惊异等意思，译为“竟然，竟会”。例如：(01上海)You cant imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _ be so rude to a lady. A. might B. need C. should D. would【解析】句意：你想象不到这么一个表现良好的绅士竟然会对一个女士这么粗鲁。答案C3. shall(1) shall用于第一和第三人称

21、，常用于疑问句中，用来征求对方意见。例如： (NMET2006北京)Whats the name?Khulaifi. _ I spell it for you? A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Might【答案】A (2) 用于第二和第三人称，表示“命令、威胁、警告、允诺、”等。例如：（NMET2004，湖南,28）Excuse me. But I want to use your computer to type a report.You _have my computer if you dont take care of it . A. shant B. might

22、 not C. neednt D. shouldnt【解析】shall此处表示“警告”。【答案】A(3) shall也用于宣布法律、规定的要求。例如： (NMET2007 四川)What does the sign over there read? “No person _ smoke or carry a lighted cigarette，cigar or pipe in this area.” A. will B. may C. shall D. must【解析】禁止吸烟是此处的规定。【答案】C 4. can(1) can可以用来表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度，主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹

23、句中。03全国) How _ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have only covered only part of the article?A. can B. must C. need D. may 【答案】A(2) can也可以用来表示请求或许可。例如：（04，辽宁）Mum, Ive been studying English since 8 oclock. _I go out and play with Tom for a while?No, Im afraid not. Besides, its

24、raining outside now. A. Cant B. Wouldnt C. MayD. Wont【答案】A (3) can可以表达一般的或永久的能力。be able to也可表达能力，但常用来表达在某件事情中所表现出来的能力，尤指克服困难能够完成某事。例如： (06福建) If it were not for the fact that she _ sing, I would invite her to the party. A. couldnt B. shouldnt C. cant D. might not (97) The fire spread through the hot

25、el very quickly but everyone _ get out. A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to 【答案】C D5. would(1)will与would可表示“意愿；意志 ”。(08北京) John promised his doctor he _ not smoke and he has never smoked ever since. A. might B. should C. could D. would【解析】根据promise可知此处是John向医生表明自己的意志。【答案】D(2) would表示过去倾向性或习惯性

26、的动作。used to 也有这一用法，但used to即可用来表达过去的习惯性的动作，也可用来表示过去的状态。例如： (上海)When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might (07安徽)In my opinion, life in the twenty-first century is much easier than _. A. that used to be B. it is used to C. it was used to D. it used to be第一题would指过去习惯性的动作；第二题it 替代life, used to be 指过去的样子。A D