2020-2021学年英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE 4 SECTION Ⅲ　INTEGRATING SKILLS & CULTURAL CORNER WORD版含答案.doc

1、高考资源网（） 您身边的高考专家Section Integrating Skills & Cultural Corner.重点单词1acquire v. 得到，获得2furthermore adv. 此外，而且3splendid adj. 极好的；优秀的4dilemma n. 进退两难的境地；困难的抉择5relevant adj. 有关的；切题的6absurd adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的7convey v. 传达；传递8thus adv. 因此；因而9select v. 挑选，选择10significance n. 意义；含义11withdraw v. 收回；撤销(说过的话)12potentia

2、l adj. 潜在的；可能的13abuse v. 辱骂；恶语14betray v. 对不忠15overcome v. 征服；战胜16prejudice n. 偏见；歧视17conflict n. 抵触；冲突18superior adj. 更好的；更强的19initially adv. 起初20complain v. 抱怨，不满complaint n. 抱怨21investigate v. 调查investigation n. 调查22convinced adj. 确信的；信服的convince v. 使确信；说服convincing adj. 令人信服的23clarify v. 弄明白；澄清c

3、larification n. 澄清；说明24tendency n. 趋向；倾向tend v. 倾向，易于25reject v. 拒绝接受rejection n. 拒绝 26oppose v. 反对；反抗opposed adj. 相反的；反对的opposition n. 对抗；反抗opposite adj. 相对的；对面的 n. 反义词，对立的事物27resist v. 抵抗；对抗resistance n. 抵制，抵抗resistant adj. 有抵抗力的；抵制的28approval n. 赞许；赞成approve v. 赞成29curiosity n. 好奇心curious adj. 好奇

4、的curiously adv. 好奇地30offence n. 得罪；使伤感情offend v. 冒犯，使不愉快.核心短语1complain about. 对抱怨2find_ones_way_into 进入3in_conclusion 总之4a_huge_number_of 大量的5be_relevant_to 与相关6get down to sth. 开始做某事7let sb.down 使某人失望8be associated with 与有关，与有联系9be superior to 比好/强.经典句式1It_is_estimated_that 1.3 billion people will

5、use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。2Not_all_idioms have been common for many years.并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。3English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be_difficult_to_understand.英语中有大量绚烂华丽但可能很难懂的表达。课文预读The Future of EnglishE

6、ver since the invention of the first telegraph at the end of the 19th century，English has been spreading around the world.It has a powerful influence in the media，on the Internet and in pop music that is not going to go away.This communication revolution has turned the world into a “global village”

7、in which everyone needs to talk to each otherand so often nowadays that means in English. More people now speak English as a second language across the world than as a native language.It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.But what wil

8、l that form of English be like? Traditionally, British English has been taught across the world，but it is only one variety.Experts believe that the future shape and grammar of English，especially in its spoken form，will no longer be determined in the traditional Englishspeaking countries like Britain

9、 and America but in the rest of Europe, Asia and Africa. International organisations and businesses communicate with each other in English.But a new pattern of using English is developing that does not look the same to native speakers as “traditional” English.Researchers are now investigating “nonna

10、tive” English which is a new form of the language with changes in grammar, pronunciation and meaning.Often meanings and words from other languages find their way into English to produce a new dialect such as “Franglais” which combines aspects of French and English. You could say this gives English a

11、 French flavour.All of these processes are a form of natural evolution.New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.Colourful E

12、nglish English has a huge number of colourful and splendid expressions which may be difficult to understand.Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward，the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous.The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative，and why they are re

13、levant to an everyday situation.Idioms are picturesque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years. The Pilgrim Fathers in America always asked for turkeys when they traded with Native Americans. Thus, to talk t

14、urkey means to get down to business. But some idioms are very new and youll need to clarify what they mean. For example, mad as a box of frogs is a recent way of describing someone who has a tendency to be rather disorganised or vague. A bad hair day is one when you feel clumsy or depressed, possibl

15、y because your hair doesnt look good.Many expressions are advertising slogans. Thatll do nicely, sir! comes from an old TV ad for American Express. Its the shop assistants reply to a customer who selects a credit card from his wallet and asks if the shop accepts American Express.Other common express

16、ions have metaphorical significance. Get your tanks off my lawn! means Back off! Withdraw your threats! and was first said by a British prime minister, rejecting the threat of a potential strike by a trade union leader. Age before beauty is used when inviting another person to go through a door befo

17、re you. Its not meant to abuse the other person, but it may sometimes cause offence. The Iron Curtain was the statesman Winston Churchills term for the dividing line between eastern and western Europe. With friends like these, who needs enemies? means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down

18、. We shall overcome dates from the American Civil War, and is used almost like a prayer by the Civil Rights movement in the USA, meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.Finally, there are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of adv

19、ice. For example, When in Rome, do as the Romans do suggests you should adapt to local conditions. Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from the musical Cabaret (1966). This comes from the older proverb Love makes the world go round.Chin

20、ese as a Foreign LanguageWho wants to learn Chinese? Just about everybody in the world, it seems. The demand for Chinese as a foreign language is growing fast, both in Englishspeaking countries, such as Britain and the USA, and in other countries like France, where the number of students studying Ch

21、inese has increased by 15% each year in recent years.There are a number of reasons for the interest. As China develops economically, opportunities for doing business increase dramaticallyand if you know your partners language, your chances of success increase. But there is also a renewed interest in

22、 the culture and traditions of China; the fact that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.A third reason is that learning Chinese is, simply, a challenge. With its characters and complicat

23、ed tone system, most speakers of other languages think Chinese must be incredibly difficult. But is it really so? As one American student says, “The biggest problem about learning Chinese is often fearsometimes caused by the teachers. Ive studied quite a few languages, and none of them are as easy f

24、or me as Chinese. The grammar is easy, since sentence order is similar to Englishbut simpler. The only difficult part of spoken Chinese is the tone system. Even that isnt a big problem. I remember the first time I heard a native of Beijing speaking, it was so clear！”With so much interest in the lang

25、uage, the Chinese government introduced an international exam system.Established in 1990, the HSK test was initially meant for those learners who regard Chinese as a second or foreign language. Later, it was introduced abroad. At the moment, there are more than 100 exam centres in 27 countries aroun

26、d the world, with nearly 150,000 candidates taking the exam every year. And a spinoff of this is that teaching Chinese as a foreign language offers young Chinese language graduates interesting professional opportunitiesand a chance to travel across the world.英语的未来从十九世纪末第一台电报机发明以来，英语一直在世界各地传播。它对媒体、因特

27、网和流行音乐有很大的影响，并且这种影响不会消失。这场沟通交流的革命已经将世界变成了一个“地球村”，在这里，人们需要互相交谈，如今人们经常使用英语交流。现在在世界各地，更多的人将英语作为第二语言而不是作为母语使用。据预测，到2050年有13亿人将把英语作为第一或者第二语言。但是那种形式的英语将会是什么样子的呢？传统上，全世界已经在教授英式英语了，但是它只是一个种类。专家们相信未来英语的形式和语法，尤其是英语口语形式，不再取决于英美这些传统讲英语的国家，而是将由欧洲其他国家、亚洲和非洲的国家决定。国际组织和商业贸易往来是用英语互相交流的。但是一种使用英语的新形式正在发展，这种形式对于那些生来就说英

28、语的人来说，和“传统英语”不一样。研究者们现在正在研究“非本土”英语，这种新形式的英语在语法、发音和意思上都有所改变。来自于其他语言的意思和单词经常会在英语中占一席之地而形成一种新的方言，例如，Franglais就是综合了法语和英语的不同方面。你可以说这给英语增添了法语的味道。所有这些过程都是自然发展的一种形式。新的方言会形成自己的复杂特征，直到它们成为不再依赖(英语)的真正语言。专家们确信这在未来将会发生，因为将有越来越多的人学习英语并用他们自己的方式说英语。 五花八门的英语英语有大量丰富多彩的绝佳表达，这些表达可能难以理解。即使单词的意思很简单，短语的文化内涵也可能不明确。困难之处在于确定

29、哪些是明确的，哪些是比喻的以及它们为什么能和日常情况联系起来。习语是生动的或者怪诞的表达，习语表达的含义和习语的字面意思不同，而且很多年以来习语在英语中已经很常见。在美国，当清教徒前辈移民和美国本土居民交易的时候，他们总是要火鸡。因此，“to talk turkey”就用于表示谈正经事。但是一些习语是非常新的，你需要弄明白它们是什么意思。例如，“mad as a box of frogs”是最近一种描述一个做事容易没什么条理性或者心不在焉的人的方式。“a bad hair day”是你感到笨拙或者沮丧时说的话，这可能是因为你的头发看起来不太好。很多表达是广告标语。“Thatll do nice

30、ly, sir！”来自美国运通公司的一则旧电视广告，它是店员对一名从钱包中选择了一张信用卡，并询问这个商店是否接受美国运通卡的顾客的回答。其他常用的表达含比喻义。“Get your tanks off my lawn！”意思是“后退！收回你的威胁！”。它首先出自一名英国首相之口抵制来自一个工会领袖的潜在罢工的威胁。当你请另一个人在你之前进门的时候，你可以说“age before beauty”。它不是用来骂人的，但它有时候会引起反感。“The Iron Curtain”是政治家温斯顿丘吉尔称呼东欧和西欧分割线时的用语。“With friends like these, who needs en

31、emies？”意思是你的朋友辜负了你的信任或者让你失望。“We shall overcome”源自美国内战，在美国民权运动中几乎被当作祈祷文使用，意思是我们将会反对歧视黑人，并抵制美国人之间的冲突。最后，有一些传统的谚语表达了一种寓意或者一条建议。例如，“When in Rome, do as the Romans do”表明你应当适应当地的环境。有些说法已经达到了谚语的至高境界，例如音乐剧歌厅(1966)中的“Money makes the world go around (金钱使世界运转)”。它来自古老的谚语“Love makes the world go round(爱使世界运转)”。汉

32、语作为一门外语谁想要学习汉语？看起来像是世界上的每个人都想学。不论是在说英语的国家，例如英国和美国，还是在其他国家，如法国，想把汉语作为一门外语的人数都在迅速增长。近年来，这些国家学习汉语的学生人数每年增长15%。人们对学习汉语产生兴趣有很多原因。随着中国经济的发展，其商机暴增如果你知道你的合作伙伴的语言，你成功的机会就会增加。但是现在人们也对中国的文化和传统重新产生了兴趣；对世界上其他地方的人来说，中国文化毫无间断地延续了5 000多年的事实让他们感到好奇和着迷。第三个原因是学习汉语本身就是一种挑战。由于汉字和它复杂的音调系统，大部分说其他语言的人认为汉语肯定是难得不可思议。但真的是这样吗？

33、正如一位美国学生所说：“学习汉语最大的问题是经常会害怕有时候是由老师引起的。我已经学习了好几种语言，对于我来说没有一种语言像汉语这样简单。语法很简单，因为句子的顺序和英语相似但是更加简单。说汉语唯一困难的部分是音调系统。甚至那个也不是一个大问题。我记得我第一次听一位北京本地人说话，那是如此清晰！”由于(人们)对汉语如此感兴趣，中国政府引入了一套国际考试系统。汉语水平考试最初是在1990年为那些把汉语当作第二语言或外语的学习者设立的。后来，它被引到国外。现在，有100多家考试中心设立在世界上的27个国家，每年有将近15万考生参加考试。这样的结果是，将汉语当成一门外语来教学，为年轻的汉语言专业毕业

34、生提供了有趣的就业机会也是一个环游世界的机会。课文理解Step Fast readingJudge the following statements True or False according to the passage on P50.1The population who speak English as a second language in the world is larger than that in UK and US. (T)2The future of English will still be determined by Englishspeaking countri

35、es.(F)3The future of English will hardly change except that there will be some new dialects.(F)Step Careful readingChoose the best answers according to the passage on P53.1Why are some English expressions hard to understand?AThey dont make sense.BThey are oldfashioned.CThey may refer to ideas beyond

36、 the simple meanings of the words.DTheir meanings are amusing and exaggerated.答案：C2Whats an advertising slogan?AAn amusing saying in an advertisement.BA reply to a customer in a shop.CSomething like many other expressions.DAn expression which is associated with a product in an advertisement.答案：D3A p

37、roverb means _ according to the passage.Aan expression to suggest someone or something which is superior to someone or something elseBa saying to describe behaviours and customsCa wellknown expression which reflects on life and gives adviceDan everyday saying which everyone agrees with答案：C1 (教材P48)W

38、hat does the man complain about?那个男人抱怨什么？归纳拓展(1)(2)complaint n抱怨，不满的原因；控告make a complaint about. 投诉have a complaint against. 对有怨言经典例句Im going to complain to the manager about this matter.我要就这件事向经理投诉。He complained bitterly that he had been unfairly treated.他愤懑地诉说他所受到的不公平待遇。名师点津complain的后面不能直接跟sb.作宾语，

39、要加介词to。类似的词还有explain, announce等。He explained to us what we were expected to do.他向我们说明要我们做的事。即学即练(1)单句语法填空There are lots of complaints (complain) about how social media may be harming childrens social and intellectual development.One of their neighbors came to complain about/of the noise.(2)完成句子顾客向商店

40、投诉相机质量不好。The customers complained_about the poor quality of the cameras to the store.她就噪音问题向警察提出投诉。She made_a_complaint about the noise to the police.2 (教材P51)New dialects acquire their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.新的方言会形成自己的复杂特征，直到它们成为不再依赖(英语)的真正语言。归纳拓展(1

41、)acquire a knowledge of掌握/获得知识acquire good/bad habits 养成好/坏习惯(2)acquisition n. 获得，得到acquired adj. 习得的，养成的，后天的(形近词)inquire (enquire) v. 询问，打听(3)表示“获得，得到”的词还有：obtain, gain, attain。经典例句One can never acquire enough experience.经验是永远学不够的。I managed to acquire two tickets for the concert.我设法弄到了两张音乐会的票。He ac

42、quired a knowledge of English by careful study.通过认真学习，他掌握了英语方面的知识。We should try to acquire good habits.我们应该努力养成良好的习惯。即学即练单项选择It took him a long time to _ the skills he needed to become a good dancer.AdisplayBacquireCteach Dtest答案：B解析：句意：他花了好长时间学习成为一个优秀舞蹈演员所需要的技能。根据句意可知，这里应该用acquire表示“获得，学到”。3 (教材P51

43、)Experts are convinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.专家们确信这在未来将会发生，因为将有越来越多的人学习英语并用他们自己的方式说英语。归纳拓展(1) be convinced of/that. 坚信/深信(2)convince vt. 使相信，使信服；说服，劝说convince sb.of sth. 使某人相信某事convince sb.that. 使某人相信convince sb.to do sth. 说服某

44、人做某事convincing adj. 令人信服的(描述物的特性)convincingly adv. 令人信服地，有说服力地经典例句You need to convince your interviewer of your ability to do the work.你要让你的面试官相信你有做这份工作的能力。I couldnt convince him that he was wrong.我无法使他相信他错了。She convinced me to go hiking with her.她说服我和她一起去远足。语境串记He tried to convince me of the truth

45、of the news but he couldnt provide convincing proof. Therefore, it seemed that he didnt speak convincingly.他尽力使我相信这个消息的真实性，但他无法提供令人信服的证据，所以他的说法似乎没有说服力。即学即练(1)单句语法填空I am convinced (convince) that we will succeed sooner or later.Our headmaster gave a convincing (convince) speech to persuade students t

46、o donate some money to the poor children.Scientists are convinced of the positive effect of laughter on physical and mental health.Convinced (convince) that the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) will benefit Chinas economy, we are optimistic about the future of the country.(2)单句写作我确信他会成功。I_am_conv

47、inced_that_he_will_succeed./I_am_convinced_of_his_success.他们说服了她改变主意。They_convinced_her_to_change_her_mind.4 (教材P53)Even if the meaning of the words is straightforward, the cultural associations of the phrase may be ambiguous.即使单词的意思很简单，短语的文化内涵也可能不明确。归纳拓展(1)in association with与合作/联合(2)associate v. 联

48、想，联系associate.with. 把与联系起来associated adj. 有联系的be associated with 和有关，与有联系经典例句We are working in association with some companies to raise money.我们与一些公司联合筹款。The support of governments is of great importance to our association.政府的支持对于我们的协会来说非常重要。即学即练(1)单句语法填空NBA is short for National Basketball Associat

49、ion.解析：句意：NBA是(美国)全国篮球协会的简称。Usually, the artworks are made of red paper, as red is associated with happiness in Chinese culture, but other colors are also used.解析：句意：(人们)通常用红纸来制作这些艺术品，因为在中国文化里，红色是和幸福联系在一起的，但是其他颜色也会被用。(2)完成句子据说这本书是与一家著名的出版社联合出版的。It is said that the book was published in_association_w

50、ith a famous publishing house.5 (教材P53)The dilemma is to know which are explicit, which are figurative, and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.困难之处在于确定哪些是明确的，哪些是比喻的以及它们为什么能和日常情况联系起来。归纳拓展(1)be relevant to.和有关(to为介词)(2)relevance n. 关联(性)，切题have no relevance tohave nothing to do with 与无关rel

51、evantly adv. 有关联地，切题地(3)“和有关”的表达还有：be related to.be involved in.have something to do with.be linked to/with.be connected/associated with.经典例句What you said isnt relevant to the subject.你所说的话与主题无关。She gathered all the information relevant to the project.她收集了与这个课题有关的所有信息。即学即练(1)一句多译那个证据与本案无关。That evide

52、nce is not relevant/related/linked to this case.That evidence has no_relevance to this case.(2)单句语法填空A businessman was murdered last Friday and the police are collecting information that is relevant to the case.The police arrested three young men involved in the robbery.Topics for compositions shoul

53、d have relevance (relevant) to the experiences and interests of the students.6 (教材P53).meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.意思是我们将会反对歧视黑人，并抵制美国人之间的冲突。归纳拓展(1)oppose (doing) sth.反对(做)某事oppose sb.s doing sth. 反对(某人)做某事(2)opposition n. U反对，反抗opposit

54、e adj. 对面的，另一边的；相反的，迥然不同的opposed adj. 强烈反对；截然不同be opposed to sth. 反对某事经典例句The manager opposed the new plan.经理反对这个新计划。The husband strongly opposed his wifes going there alone.那位丈夫极力反对他的妻子单独去那个地方。名师点津(1)oppose后可接v.ing作宾语，但不接动词不定式作宾语；(2)表示“支持，赞成”的词语有：be in favour of, be for, support；表示“反对”的词语还有：disagre

55、e with, be against, object to。即学即练单句语法填空I strongly oppose taking (take) children to such dangerous places.All people present are opposed (oppose) to the project for the reason that it will cause much pollution.There was a lot of opposition (oppose) to the war. resist vt.& vi. 抵制，阻挡；反抗，抵抗；抵挡，忍住 vt. 使

56、不受的伤害，抗(伤害)(教材P53).meaning we will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.意思是我们将会反对歧视黑人，并抵制美国人之间的冲突。归纳拓展(1)resist (doing) sth. 反对/抵制(做)某事(2)cant resist (doing) sth. 抵挡不住(做)某事(3)resistance n. U抵制；抵抗resistance to sb./sth. 对某人/某事的抵制/抵抗resistant adj. 抵制的；抵抗的，有抵抗力的be

57、resistant to 抵制；对有抵抗力经典例句The soldiers have resisted the enemy attacks for two days.士兵们抵抗敌人的进攻两天了。She can never resist buying new shoes.她永远抵挡不住买新鞋子的诱惑。I couldnt resist chatting with my friends online at the beginning of my vacation.假期一开始，我就忍不住和朋友们在网上聊天。Regular exercise helps increase your ability to

58、resist infection.经常锻炼有助于增强你抗感染的能力。即学即练单句语法填空We have had antibiotics (抗生素) for almost a century, ever since Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin (青霉素). In response, bacteria have developed antibiotic resistance (resist)Since many insects have already become resistant to DDT, scientists have to loo

59、k for new insecticide (杀虫剂)Sometimes we cant resist being_persuaded (persuade) to buy some things that we dont need at all. superior adj. 更好的，占优势的；(在级别、重要性或职位上)更高的 n. 上级，上司(教材P53)Some sayings have achieved the superior status of a proverb such as Money makes the world go around from the musical Caba

60、ret (1996)有些说法已经达到了谚语的至高境界，例如音乐剧歌厅(1966)中的“Money makes the world go around (金钱使世界运转)”。归纳拓展(1)be superior to 比好/级别高be superior in 在方面更好(2)不用than而用to表示比较的短语还有：be junior to sb. 比某人地位低be senior to sb. 比某人地位高be preferable to sth. 比某事更可取经典例句This model is technically superior to its competitors.这一款式在技术上超过了

61、与之竞争的产品。This engine is superior in many aspects to that one.这台发动机在很多方面比那一台要好。He had a good working relationship with his superior.他与他的上司有着良好的工作关系。名师点津(1)be superior to表示“比好/级别高”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或v.ing。(2)superior本身已经暗含比较意义，故无比较级形式，也不与than连用。即学即练选词填空They are excited that their products are superior (sup

62、erior/inferior) to their competitors.Though Jack is younger than (than/to) Ann, hes senior to (than/to) her.9 (教材P54)We can classify these expressions into four types.我们可以把这些表达分成四类。归纳拓展(1)classify.into.把分为classify.as. 把划分/界定为(2)classified adj. 分类的；机密的classification n. 分类，分级经典例句Are the books classifi

63、ed according to subjects?这些书是按照科目进行分类的吗？For convenience, we may classify the students into four groups.为了方便，我们可以把这些学生分为四个组。Only eleven of these accidents were classified as major.这些事故中只有十一例被界定为重大事故。即学即练单句语法填空The information is classified (classify); only the president can see it.I believe the classi

64、fication (classify) of books calls for much patience.Id rather classify his novel as science fiction.1 归纳拓展(1)in conclusion意为“总之，最后”，往往在最后进行总结时使用，类似的短语有in general, at last, in the end, in summary等。(2)相关词语积累：conclusion n结束；结论bring.to a conclusion 使结束，结束draw/reach/arrive at/come to a conclusion 得出结论ju

65、mp to conclusions 匆忙下结论conclude v. 结束；推断出，得出结论conclude sth. 以结束conclude (从)推断出经典例句In conclusion, she is a very great musician.总之，她是一位非常伟大的音乐家。In conclusion, I would like to thank everyone who helped to make this event possible.最后，我想感谢所有帮助促成这次活动的人。Only when you have got enough data can you come to a

66、conclusion.你只有得到足够的数据才能得出结论。The manager brought the discussion to a conclusion immediately.经理立刻结束了这场讨论。She concluded her talk with a funny story.她以一个有趣的故事结束谈话。Those are the facts; what do you conclude from them?这些都是事实，你能从中得出什么结论？The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent.陪审

67、团根据证据得出结论，认定被告是无辜的。即学即练单句语法填空Learning foreign languages calls for your memory, time, patience and emotion. In conclusion, it is not a simple thing.They came to a conclusion after several discussions.It is really difficult to draw a conclusion without enough evidence.(教材P53)Thus, to talk turkey means

68、 to get down to business.因此，“to talk turkey” 就用于表示谈正经事。归纳拓展(1)get down to意为“开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事”，其中to是介词。(2)与get相关的其他短语：get over克服get rid of 摆脱，丢弃get away from 摆脱，逃离get about/around 各处走动；传播get along with. 与和睦相处；取得进展get through (用电话)打通；顺利通过(考试等)；完成，(设法)处理get across (to sb.) 被(某人)理解，(为某人)把讲清楚经典例句Lets

69、get down to business.咱们开始干正事吧。I like to get down to work by nine oclock.我喜欢在九点之前开始工作。Its time I got down to thinking about that essay.我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。即学即练完成句子Ive been trying to phone Charles all evening, but there must be something wrong with the network; I cant seem to get_through (打通)Anyway, were he

70、re now, so lets get_down_to (开始) some serious work.I dont think Mr Tylers lecture got_across_to (被理解) the students, for they appeared quite puzzled.The boy could hardly get_through (完成) his homework in such a short time.That accident totally upset our arrangements and caused a lot of problems, which

71、 we found difficult to get_over (克服)3 let sb.down 使某人失望，不能帮助，不能支持(某人)(教材P53).means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.意思是你的朋友辜负了你的信任或者让你失望。归纳拓展let构成的其他短语：let alone更不用说let sb.alone 不干扰某人let sth./sb.in 让某物/某人进来let sth.down 放下，降低let sth.out 发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密)；发泄(愤怒等)经典例句The team felt that the

72、y had let the coach down.队员们觉得他们让教练失望了。This machine wont let you down.你尽管放心，这台机器不会让你失望。即学即练单句语法填空The boy is excellent, and wont let you down.While talking with his colleagues, he accidentally let out that he had got divorced.Are you getting a new computer this week?You must be joking! I cant afford

73、to pay my school fees, let alone buy a new computer.(教材P51)It is estimated that 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.据预测，到2050年有13亿人将把英语作为第一或者第二语言。本句是主从复合句，句中It作形式主语，that引导主语从句。归纳拓展“Itbe过去分词that.”句型(1)句型解读：It是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语，that仅起连接作用，不作句子成分。(2)常用于

74、此句型的过去分词(短语)有estimated, believed, said, reported, thought, hoped, suggested, known, proved, pointed out等。(3)该句型可转换为“sb./sth.be过去分词不定式”句型。(4)(5)a large amount of/large amounts of不可数名词(作主语时，谓语动词的数与amount的单复数保持一致)经典例句It is estimated that the project will last four years.据估计，这项工程将持续四年。It is generally be

75、lieved that a good education is beneficial to young people.人们通常认为良好的教育对年轻人是有益的。It is reported that the mayor will visit our school next week.据报道，市长下周要来参观我们学校。It is said that yoga is of great benefit to peoples health.Yoga is said to be of great benefit to peoples health.据说瑜伽对人们的健康非常有益。名师点津“sb./sth.b

76、e过去分词不定式”句型中的不定式除了用一般式表示一般情况和将来情况之外，还可用进行式表示动作正在进行，完成式表示动作已经完成。The moon is said to be the biggest and brightest at the MidAutumn Festival.中秋节的月亮据说是最大最亮的。(一般情况)The sports meet is said to be held next Monday.据说这次运动会将在下周一举行。(将来情况)The movie is said to have been shown in many countries.据说这部电影已经在很多国家上映。 (

77、动作已经完成)She is said to be writing a novel.据说她正在写一部小说。(动作正在发生)即学即练单句语法填空It is reported (report) that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come.He is thought to_have_acted (act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.教材P54)Not all idioms have been common f

78、or many years.,不是所有的习语多年来都很常见。此处是“否定词all”表示“部分否定”。归纳拓展 部分否定的用法：,(1)英语中的一些词(如all，every，everybody，everything，both，often，always等)与not连用时，表示部分否定，意为“并非都是，不是每个都是”等。,(2)部分否定有两种形式：直接把否定词not放在被否定词之前；用not来否定谓语。名师点津部分否定与全部否定对照表：部分否定全部否定两者both.not/not both(并非两者都)neither(两者都不)Both of the sisters are not here.并非两

79、姐妹都在这里。Neither of the sisters is/are here.两姐妹都不在这里。(续表)部分否定全部否定两者以上all.not/not all(并非所有都)every.not/not every(并非每一个都)the whole.not/not the whole(并非全部都)none/not.any(一个没有)nobody/no one(没有人)nothing(没有任何事物)I dont know all of them.我并不全都认识他们。I dont know any of them.我一个也不认识他们。经典例句Not all birds can fly.All b

80、irds cannot fly.并不是所有的鸟都会飞。Everyone can not answer this question.Not everyone can answer this question.并非每个人都能回答这个问题。即学即练(1)句型转换All the people you invited are not coming.Not_all_the_people you invited are coming.Both of the two math problems are not very difficult.Not_both_of the two math problems a

81、re very difficult.(2)将下列句子改为全部否定句Jack cant answer all of the questions.Jack_can_answer_none_of_the_questions./Jack_cannot_answer_any_of_the_questions.To be honest, I dont know both of them.To_be_honest,_I_know_neither_of_them.单词拼写1He was selected (选择) to play for Australia at the age of only 18.2His

82、 tone conveyed (传递) his real feelings more truly than his words.3After a fierce battle, the enemy was forced to withdraw (撤退)4They had to overcome (克服) all the difficulties on their way.5In a library, books and magazines are usually classified (将分类) by subject.6There have been many conflicts (冲突) th

83、ough the world is in peace generally.7She was in a dilemma (困境) as to whether to stay at school or get a job.8To our disappointment, some government leaders abuse (滥用) their position to get illegal profit for themselves.9Lucy is a girl of great musical potential (潜力), and Im sure she will become a w

84、ellknown musician sooner or later.10The house isnt big enough for us, and furthermore (而且), its too far from the town.用方框中短语的适当形式填空complain of, be convinced of, in conclusion, a huge number of, get down to, be relevant to, let.down, be opposed to, be superior to, adapt to1The girl couldnt adapt_to h

85、er new life so she often missed her parents.2Study harder, and do not let your parents down.3What you say is not relevant_to the matter in hand.4As soon as they sat down, they got_down_to business.5In_conclusion,_cars have both advantages and disadvantages.6Youd better be_convinced_of the positive e

86、ffect of enough sleep on your health.7A_huge_number_of British English words have passed into American English.8They are_opposed_to building the new hotel because of the great cost.9Mother often complains_of my laziness, which makes me unhappy.10Of the two books, I think this one is_superior_to that one.- 28 - 版权所有高考资源网