2020-2021学年英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE 5 SECTION Ⅱ　GRAMMAR——名词性从句 WORD版含答案.doc

1、Section Grammar名词性从句语法图解 典句感知What we find out from space research is important for us on Earth.Its wellknown that the ancient Chinese invented the rocket.We think it probable that he is dead.The teacher showed us the controls of the spacecraft and explained how gravity worked.They insisted that ever

2、yone (should) come to the party.The proposal that we (should) import more equipment from abroad is to be discussed at the meeting.I have no idea when she will be back.The question remains whether they will be able to help us.The problem is who we can get to replace her.语法领悟(1)句为主语从句，句为宾语从句，句为同位语从句，句

3、为表语从句。(2)句中的引导词只起连接作用，在从句中不作成分，句中的引导词为连接代语，句中的引导词为连接副语。(3)句中使用了it作形式主语或形式宾语，而真正的主语从句或宾语从句后置。(4)句中的that可省略，其他句中的that一般不可省略。(5)句中的从句使用了虚拟语气。主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句在复合句中的功能相当于一个名词(词组)。因此这四种从句被称为名词性从句。一、主语从句(subject clause)主语从句就是在复合句中起主语作用的从句。主语从句的连接词有：1that引导的主语从句(1)that在主语从句中不充当成分，也没有意义，通常不能省略。That she w

4、as chosen made us very happy.她的入选使我们很高兴。That Tu Youyou had been awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine made us very proud.屠呦呦荣获2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖使我们非常骄傲。(2)that从句作主语时，为避免头重脚轻，使句子平衡，常用it作形式主语，而将主语从句后置。常用it作形式主语代替that从句的句型有以下几种：Itbe形容词(obvious, necessary, important, strange, true, natural

5、, wonderful, likely, possible, certain, etc.)that.It is certain that she will succeed.她将会成功，这是一定的。It is obvious that youve made a big mistake.显然，你犯了一个大错。特别提醒 在“It is necessary/important/essentialthat.”中，从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略。It is necessary that you (should) remember these English wo

6、rds.你有必要记住这些英语单词。It is very important that we (should) learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。Itbe名词(词组)(no wonder, the case, an honour, a pity, a good thing, no surprise, a fact, a shame, etc.)that.It is no wonder that he failed the exam because he didnt study hard.他考试不及格并不奇怪，因为他学习不用功。特别提醒 在“Itbesuggested/ad

7、vised/ordered/requested/requiredthat.”中，that从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should动词原形”，should可省略。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期举行。It was ordered that we (should) arrive there in half an hour.我们被命令半小时之后到达那里。其他常见的用it作形式主语的句型It doesnt matter that. 是没有关系的It makes no difference that. 没有影响

8、/关系It suddenly struck me/occurred to me that. 我突然想到Didnt it occur to you that your husband might be late?你没有想到你丈夫也许会晚到吗？即学即练1 单句语法填空1It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.解析：句意：通常对于那些怀揣希望的人来说一切都有可能。本句中It是形式主语，“_ anything is possible for those who hang on to hop

9、e”为真正的主语；该从句句意完整，不缺少成分，因此用that来引导。2It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.解析：句意：他突然想起他把钥匙落在办公室里了。It occurred to sb.that.表示“某人突然想起”。It在句中作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句，that在从句中不作成分。2whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不充当句子成分，仅起连接作用，意为“是否”。whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面

10、要用it作形式主语。如果whether引导的主语从句用it作形式主语，whether也可换成if。Whether she will come or not is still a question.她是否会来仍是一个问题。It was not certain whether/if he passed the exam.他是否通过了考试还不确定。即学即练2 单句语法填空1The limits of a persons intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but whether he reaches these limits w

11、ill depend on his environment.解析：句意：一个人的智力极限，一般来说，在出生时就已经定型了，但他是否能够达到这些极限则取决于他(所处)的环境。由“depend on”可知，主语从句“_ he reaches these limits”中含有不确定因素，所填词应表示“是否”，故引导词用whether。2It doesnt matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.解析：句意：在这家商店，你用现金还是用信用卡结账都没关系。结合句意及句中的or可知应填whether。题干是一个含有主语从句的复

12、合句，It是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语，whether表示“是否”。3连接代词引导的主语从句连接代词who, whose, whom, what, which, whichever, whoever, whomever, whatever引导主语从句时，在句中既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。Who broke the window yesterday is not clear.昨天是谁打破的窗户还不清楚。What he wants is a storybook.他想要的是一本故事书。Which car you will choose to buy makes

13、 no difference.你将选择买哪辆车没有什么区别。Whoever breaks the law should be punished.无论谁违反法律，都应受到惩罚。Whatever was said here must be kept secret.这里所说的一切都必须保密。即学即练3 单句语法填空1What is even more interesting is that one of Steins jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag.解析：分析句子结构可知，“_ is even more in

14、teresting”为主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且表示“的事物”，故填What。2Every year, whoever makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析：句意：每年，在风筝节，风筝做得最漂亮的人将会获奖。考查主语从句。主语从句中缺少主语，且指人，故填whoever(anyone who)。3Your support is important to our work. Whatever you can do helps.解析：句意：你的支持对我们的工作很重要。你能做的任何事都会有所帮助。

15、“_ you can do”为主语从句，该从句缺少宾语，且表示“任何事情”，故填Whatever。4I think what impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.解析：分析句子结构可知，think后是一个复合宾语从句，该从句中含有主语从句和定语从句，主语从句中缺少主语，且意为“什么”，故填what。4连接副词引导的主语从句连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时，在句中既是连接词，又作状语：where在主语从句中作地点状语；when作时间状语；why作原因状语；how作方式状语。连接副词引导的主语

16、从句也常用it作形式主语。How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.这个囚犯是怎样逃脱的仍是个谜。When we will start off is an important question.我们何时出发是个重要的问题。即学即练4 1单项选择_ Li Bai, a great Chinese poet, was born is known to the public, but some wont accept it.AThatBWhyCWhere DHow答案：C解析：依据语境可知，此处指有些人对大诗人李白的出生地存在质疑，因此选择Where引导主

17、语从句，且在主语从句中作地点状语。2单句语法填空How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.解析：句意：我们如何理解事物与我们的感受有很大关系。分析句子结构可知，“_ we understand things”是主语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故此处应用连接副词How。Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.解析：句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是可能是1565年

18、左右。分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填when。5主语从句需注意的问题(1)从句的语序：主语从句应用陈述语序。Who did this is still unknown.这件事是谁做的还不知道。(2)句子谓语动词的单复数：单个的从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。但what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的数通常与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。What we need are more personal computers. 我们需要的是更多的个人电脑。What

19、 we need is more time.我们需要的是更多的时间。When they will set off for London and where they will stay have not been decided yet.他们将于何时出发去伦敦以及要住在哪里还没定下来。When and where the conference will be held has not been decided yet.会议将在何时何地举行还没定下来。(3)that引导的主语从句置于句首时，that不能省略；如果用it作形式主语，主语从句的引导词that通常也不可省略。That they are

20、 not going to the cinema is a big surprise to us.他们不去看电影，这使我们感到很惊讶。It is a pity that your parents dont permit you to go with us.很遗憾你父母不允许你和我们一起去。二、宾语从句(object clause)宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词和形容词的宾语。1不同连接词引导的宾语从句(1)that引导的宾语从句that在引导宾语从句时无意义，也不充当句子的任何成分，且通常可以省略。He told me (that) he would go to colleg

21、e the next year.他告诉我下一年他会去上大学。We all agree that it would be very convenient to go there by bus.我们一致认为乘公共汽车去那儿很方便。Im confident that you will get the job.我相信你会得到那份工作。特别提醒 连接词that引导宾语从句时通常可以省略，但在下列情况下that不能省略：当主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时，连接词that不可省略。Everyone could see, I believe, that Mike was very terrified.我

22、相信人人都能看出迈克很害怕。如果动词后面带有两个或两个以上并列的宾语从句，第一个宾语从句的that可以省略，其余从句的that不能省略。I believe (that) you have tried your best and that everything will go well.我相信你已经尽最大努力了，而且一切都会好起来的。即学即练5 单句语法填空I truly believe that beauty comes from within.解析：句意：我真的相信美来自内心。分析句子结构可知，“_ beauty comes from within”是宾语从句，且该从句不缺少句子成分，故填t

23、hat。(2)if/whether引导的宾语从句if/whether引导宾语从句时，作“是否”讲，常放在动词ask, care, wonder, know和find out等后面。一般情况下，两者可换用，在口语中多用if。Nobody knows whether/if it will rain tomorrow.没有人知道明天是否会下雨。Tom asked whether/if I had read the book.汤姆问我是否读过这本书。特别提醒 在下列情况下用whether而不用if引导宾语从句：直接与or not连用时。I dont know whether or not they c

24、ould pass the exam.我不知道他们是否能通过考试。从句位于介词之后时。I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。即学即练6 单句语法填空She asked me whether/if I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.解析：句意：她问我我是否把书还给了图书馆，我承认我还没有还。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用；再结合句意可知，连接词在此意

25、为“是否”，故填whether/if。(3)连接代词引导的宾语从句连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等引导宾语从句时既起连接作用，同时又充当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。Do you know who has won the game?你知道谁赢了比赛吗？I dont know whom you should depend on.我不知道你该依靠谁。They are discussing what to do next.他们正在讨论下一步做什么。即学即练7 1单项

26、选择The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.AwhomeverBwhereverCwhoever Dwhatever答案：C解析：句意：金牌将会被颁发给在自行车比赛中获得第一的任何选手。本空需要连接词引导宾语从句，连接词在从句中作主语，指人，同时根据句意可知，应用 whoever “任何人，无论谁”引导这个宾语从句。2单句语法填空Im not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) that sudde

27、nly appears out of nowhere.解析：句意：我不确定谁受到了更大的惊吓，是我还是那只不知从何处突然蹦出来的雌性大猩猩。根据句意和句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“谁”，故填who。Therefore, when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops, what may be implied (暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before cont

28、inuing.解析：句意：所以当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停住了，可能那个人是在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。分析句子结构可知，“_ may be implied (暗示)”为主语从句，空处在从句中作主语，且意为“的事物”，故第一空填what；“_ has been said before continuing”为宾语从句，空处在从句中作主语，且意为“的事物”，故第二空也填what。(4)连接副词引导的宾语从句连接副词when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等引导宾语从句时，既起连接作用，同时又在从句中作状语

29、。He didnt tell me when we would meet again.他没告诉我我们什么时候会再见面。Do you remember how he came?你记得他是怎么来的吗？None of us knows where these new books can be bought.我们都不知道这些新书能在哪里买到。即学即练8 单句语法填空1Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined street, not knowing where she was heading.解析：句意：简漫无目的地沿着绿树成荫的街道走，不知道要去哪里。分析句子成分

30、可知，空处引导宾语从句，且从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。2I wonder how Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.解析：根据答语“By working out every day”可知，此处应用how来引导宾语从句，表示方式。3We must find out when Karl is coming, so we can book a room for him.解析：句意：我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来，以便我们可以给他订个房间。由句意可知，要给Karl订房间，那么就要弄

31、清楚他来这里的时间，故填when。2动词(词组)后的宾语从句大多数及物动词和动词短语后都可以跟宾语从句，需要注意的是：(1)在一些表示坚持、命令、建议、要求等意义的动词后，that引导的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)动词原形”。这类动词有：一坚持(insist)，二命令(order, command)，三建议(suggest, propose, advise)，四要求(ask, demand, require, request)等。She insisted that she (should) organize the trip perfectly.她坚持要把这次旅游安排得

32、尽善尽美。He commanded that all the gates (should) be shut.他命令关闭所有的大门。I suggested that he (should) study harder.我建议他应该更加努力学习。The teacher requests that we (should) get along well with each other.老师要求我们彼此应该和睦相处。(2)动词find, feel, consider, make, believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候，则需要用it作形式宾语而将that引导的宾语从句后置。We find it neces

33、sary that we practise oral English every day.我们发现每天练习英语口语是有必要的。(3)有些动词短语跟that从句时要先在that从句前加形式宾语it。常用的这类动词短语有：see to, rely on, depend on等。Please see to it that the children go to bed before 9 oclock.请务必让孩子们9点前上床睡觉。You may depend on it that they will support you.你相信好了，他们会支持你的。(4)有些表示喜好、憎恶的动词，如enjoy, d

34、islike, hate, like, love, appreciate等，后面也常接it作形式宾语。I like it when you do that.我喜欢你那样做。I will appreciate it if you can give me a hand.如果你能帮我一把，我会很感激。即学即练9 1单句语法填空Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.解析：句意：苏珊向我明确表示她希望开始自己的新生活。分析句子结构可知，that she wished to make a new l

35、ife for herself是宾语从句，it为形式宾语指代后面的that从句。2单句改错Teachers recommend parents do not allow their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.去掉do或把do改为should解析：句意：出于安全考虑，老师建议父母不要让12岁以下的孩子骑自行车上学。recommend后跟了一个省略连接词that的宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气，所以从句谓语用“(should)动词原形”。3.介词后的宾语从句一般情况下，介词后常接wh类连接词引导的宾语从句。而excep

36、t, but等少数介词后也可接that引导的宾语从句。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。Your article is good except that it is too short.你的文章挺好，只是太短了。即学即练10 单句语法填空1We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of what it used to charge.解析：句意：我们选择这家旅

37、馆，因为这里的价格降至每晚20美元，是过去所收价格的一半。空处在句中引导宾语从句，且在宾语从句中作charge的宾语，故填what。2Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for what Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.解析：句意：读着Doris Lessing的自传，我对她在文学上已经取得的成就钦佩不已。分析句子结构可知，for后接一个宾语从句，而从句中缺少宾语，且宾语表示“的事物”，所以要用what。4宾语从句的注意事项(1)宾语从句的语序和时态：宾语从句一律要用陈述语序，且连接词

38、位于从句之首。若主句是祈使句或主句用的是一般现在时或一般将来时，从句可根据需要选用合适的时态；若主句用的是过去时态，从句一般要用与过去时态相关的某种时态；若从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然现象等，从句通常用一般现在时。The teacher told us that Tom had left for America.老师告诉我们汤姆已经离开去美国了。The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.老师说太阳东升西落。(2)否定转移：think, believe, suppose, imagine等动词后的

39、宾语从句若含有否定意义，通常要把否定转移到主句上，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。存在否定转移现象的主从复合句变反意疑问句时应注意的问题：若主句的主语是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与宾语从句的主语和谓语分别保持一致；若主句的主语不是第一人称，反意疑问句的主语和谓语应与主句的主语和谓语分别保持一致。I dont think he can remember the 100 words within two hours, can he?我想他不能在两小时内记住这100个单词，是吗？You dont think he passed the exam, do you?你认为他没

40、有通过考试，是吗？即学即练11 单项选择When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.Ahe is entering which laneBwhich lane he is enteringCis he entering which laneDwhich lane is he entering答案：B解析：句意：换车道时，司机应该用转向灯让其他司机知道他要进入哪个车道。分析句子结构可知，空处是宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，且连接词位于从句之首，故选B。三、表语从句

41、(predicative clause)表语从句就是在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语的从句。这种从句往往是对主句的主语起进一步解释说明的作用。1连接词引导表语从句的连接词有连接代词(what, who, whom, whose, which, whoever, whomever, whosever, whatever, whichever等)、连接副词(when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever)以及that, whether, as if/as though等。(1)that引导的表语从句that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在句中不作任何

42、成分，但不可省略。The fact is that we have lost the game.事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。(2)whether引导的表语从句whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，但在从句中不作任何成分。注意：if不能引导表语从句。The question is whether we can rely on him.问题是我们能否信任他。(3)连接代词引导的表语从句连接代词what, who, whom, whose, which等引导表语从句时，除了在句子中起连接作用外，还在从句中作成分。Tom is no longer what he used to be.

43、汤姆不再是以前的汤姆了。The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.问题是谁真正适合这份艰苦的工作。即学即练12 单句语法填空1The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust.解析：句意：雨季最令人愉快的事情就是人们可以完全免受灰尘的影响。分析句子结构可知，“_ one can be entirely free from dust”为表语从句，该从句不缺成分，且意思完整，故用that引导。2This is what

44、 my father has taught meto always face difficulties and hope for the best.解析：句意：这是我父亲教我的直面困难，并抱最大的希望。根据语境可知，此处用what引导表语从句。句中的“to always face difficulties and hope for the best”是what指代的内容，故应填what。(4)连接副词引导的表语从句连接副词where, when, why, how等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当地点、时间、原因、方式状语，且本身具有词义。Thats where I can

45、t agree with you.那是我不同意你的地方。This is why Sara was late for class.这是萨拉上课迟到的原因。即学即练13 1单项选择Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.Ahow BwhenCwhere Dwhy答案：C解析：句意：如果没有他的支持，我们现在就不会在这里了。分析句子结构并根据句意可知，“_ we are now”为表语从句，且从句中缺少表示地点的状语，故选C。2单句语法填空By boat is the only way to get here, which is how we

46、arrived.解析：句意：乘船是到达这里的唯一方法，那就是我们如何到达的。根据By boat可知，此处指方式、方法，故填how。(5)as if/as though引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面。It looks as if it is going to snow.天看起来要下雪了。It seems as if he doesnt know the answer.看起来他好像不知道答案。2表语从句的特殊句式(1)This/That/It is because.这/那是因为句中because

47、引导表语从句，从句表示原因。He was sent to hospital. Thats because he was ill.他被送到医院，那是因为他病了。(2)This/That/It is why.这/那就是的原因句中why引导表语从句，从句表示结果。He was ill. Thats why he was sent to hospital.他病了，所以被送到医院去了。(3)The reason why.is that. 的原因是句中why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason，定语从句表示结果；that引导表语从句，表语从句表示原因。The reason why he was sent

48、to hospital was that he was ill.他被送到医院的原因是他病了。即学即练14 单句语法填空From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.解析：句意：从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为地球表面约71%的地方都被水覆盖着。This is后面的表语从句表示原因，故填because。四、同位语从句(appositive clause)同位语从句是用来解释说明某一名词的内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在

49、某些抽象名词如news, fact, idea, promise, suggestion, order, information, conclusion, hope, desire, possibility等后面，对其内容做进一步补充说明。1连接词同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由连接代词(what, which, who)、连接副词(how, when, where, why)或whether引导。(1)that引导的同位语从句that引导同位语从句时，在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分，无实义，但不能省略。Modern science has given clear evidence t

50、hat smoking can lead to many diseases.现代科学已经给出了明确的证据吸烟能导致很多疾病。The chance that he will be late is quite small.他将要迟到的可能性很小。即学即练15单句语法填空1Eyeing these headwinds, plasticbag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume.解析

51、：句意：看到这些禁令，塑料袋制造商雇用了一些像Stein一样的科学家来阐述，他们的产品并没有像大多数人认为的那样对地球有害。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明case的内容，且从句意义和句子成分都完整，故填that。2The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence (AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want.解析：分析句子结构可知，所填词引导同位语从句，从句

52、用来解释说明possibility的具体内容。所填词在从句中不作任何成分，无实义，只起连接作用，故填that。3The manager put forward a suggestion that we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.解析：句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导同位语从句，解释说明suggestion的具体内容，且从句句意和句子成分均完整，故填that。(2)whether引导的同位语从句whether引导同位语从句时在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。

53、The question whether he will join us is uncertain.他是否会加入我们这一问题还不确定。(3)连接代词引导的同位语从句常见的引导同位语从句的连接代词有what, who, which。连接代词引导同位语从句时通常保留疑问含义，起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用，在从句中主要作主语、宾语、定语等。The question who should do the work is being discussed at the meeting.会议上正在讨论谁应该做这个工作的问题。I have no idea what the boy is doing in

54、the next room now.我不知道那个男孩现在正在隔壁房间里干什么。(4)连接副词引导的同位语从句常见的引导同位语从句的连接副词有when, where, how, why。它们在从句中主要作状语。We havent solved the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation this year.我们还没有解决今年到哪里去过暑假这个问题。My original question, why she did that, has not been answered.我最初的问题，她为什么那样做，还没有得到回答。即学

55、即练16 单句语法填空I have no idea why the cell phone isnt working, so could you fix it for me?解析：句意：我不知道手机为什么坏了，你能给我修一下吗？分析句子结构可知，“_ the cell phone isnt working”为同位语从句，用于说明idea的具体内容，且从句中缺原因状语，故用why引导同位语从句。2同位语从句中需要注意的问题(1)有时同位语从句并不紧跟在它所要解释说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开，以使整个句子的结构显得平衡，这在语法上叫作分隔式同位语从句。He got the news from M

56、ary that the sports meeting was put off.他从玛丽那里得到运动会被推迟的消息。A saying goes that practice makes perfect.常言道，熟能生巧。即学即练17 单句语法填空The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.解析：考查分隔式同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，“_ the meeting would be postponed”是同位语从句，解释说明notice的具体内容，从句不缺少成分，所填词没有意义，故填

57、that。(2)表示建议、命令、要求等的名词(如suggestion, order, demand, command, request, advice等)后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“(should)动词原形”。Our teacher gave us some advice how we (should) use the computer.我们的老师给了我们一些怎样使用电脑的建议。(3)名词doubt(怀疑)用于肯定句中时，其后的同位语从句用whether引导；用于否定句中时，用that引导。We have some doubt whether they can complete

58、the task on time.我们有点怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。There is no doubt that Zhang Wei will keep his promise.毫无疑问，张伟会信守承诺的。3同位语从句和定语从句的区别(1)引导同位语从句的that仅起连接作用；引导定语从句的that起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用。(2)同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行解释说明；定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定。(3)同位语从句的先行词一般为抽象名词；定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制。单句语法填空1What made his father angry was t

59、hat he lied rather than made mistakes.2Believe it or not, these sweaters sell well in spite of the fact that they are not cheap at all.3What do you think of friends?Personally, what we have in common with each other counts among friends.4If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investigate what is

60、 below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.5Theres a tradition in our family that a cake will be bought for us all to share when its somebodys birthday.6He got caught in the heavy traffic. That was why he was late.7A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not what ships are built for.8We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation.9Im thinking of whether or not we should go to see the film.10The reason why he was late was that he missed the first bus this morning.