2020-2021学年英语外研版选修8学案：MODULE 2 SECTIONⅠ　INTRODUCTION .doc

1、Module 2The RenaissanceSectionIntroduction & Reading and Speaking.重点单词1dull adj. 枯燥的；沉闷的2work n. 作品3shade n. (图画等中的)阴影；阴暗部分4frontier n. 新领域5disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的disturbed adj. 被打扰的；不安的；心理失常的disturb v. 打扰；扰乱；打乱(计划等)；激荡(水面)6subject n. (绘画，摄影等的)主题；学科subjective adj. 主观的；想象的objective adj. 客观的；真实的7b

2、asically adv. 基本上；本质上；大致说来basic adj.& n. 基本的；基本，要素base n. 基础8effect n. 效果；作用affect v. 影响；感动；感染effective adj. 有效的；实际的9motivate v. 激发；激励motivation n. 动机；刺激；推动10skilled adj. 有技巧的，熟练的skill n. 技能；技巧skillful adj. 灵巧的.核心短语1more_than 不仅仅2begin_with 以开始3as_if 好像4wake_up 唤醒，醒来5look_forward 展望未来6contrast with

3、与形成对照 7hand in hand 手拉手；密切关联 8compare with 与比较起来9for the first time 第一次10in short 总之，简而言之 11for all time 永远.经典句式1It_is_believed_to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting.它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画风格的最好代表2It was as_if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages.仿佛欧洲在经历了中世纪的长眠之

4、后，就要苏醒过来了。3Painters discovered how_to_use perspective and the effects of light.画家们发现了怎样利用透视和光的作用4After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of_little_value compared with the greatness of God.在哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，即认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命价值很渺小，几个世纪之后课文预读译文助读文艺复兴对于很多人来说，文艺复

5、兴就是指14世纪到16世纪的意大利及当时意大利的艺术、建筑、音乐和文学领域的发展。但有一件作品可能比其他任何作品都更能表达文艺复兴的精神蒙娜丽莎。它被认为是一种新的逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格第一次使用就使人们惊叹不已。蒙娜丽莎是莱奥纳多达芬奇于15031506年绘制的，它是一个充满神秘色彩的杰作。人们想知道蒙娜丽莎是谁，她又为什么在笑。即便人们对文艺复兴了解不多，也听说过这幅画。但是，文艺复兴当然不仅仅是蒙娜丽莎。文艺复兴是一个法语词，意为“再生”，于19世纪首次出现在英语中。这个词被用来描绘随着首批欧洲人抵达美洲而开始的那段欧洲历史，这是一段探险的历史，也是世界现代史的开端。好像在经

6、历了中世纪的漫长沉睡之后，欧洲要苏醒了。文艺复兴精神从意大利开始，很快向北传到了法国、德国、英国以及欧洲的其他国家。与世界其他地区的贸易往来也意味着欧洲越来越富裕。这意味着人们有钱来花费在艺术上，对于艺术家来说，要找到能买得起他们的作品或者雇用他们的人也变得更容易。莱奥纳多曾为重要人物工作，如米兰公爵。晚年，他曾为法国国王服务。文艺复兴时期的艺术家们在古希腊和古罗马(文明)中找到了创作他们自己作品的灵感。而他们也通过开辟新的艺术领域来展望未来。画家们发现了怎样利用透视法以及光线的效果，作曲家们将不同的声音合到一起创造了复调音乐，与中世纪哥特式大教堂的凝重相比，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑

7、。这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。在哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，即认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命价值很渺小，几个世纪之后，他们开始提出诸如“人为何物？”以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。有史以来第一次，他们将人而不是宗教放在了宇宙的中心。文艺复兴时期也是一个科学发明(层出不穷)的时代。作为举世公认的最伟大的画家之一，莱奥纳多同时也是一位出色的发明家。不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。这些想法包括人体的细致素描、供工程师建造运河和桥梁的设计以及一些令人震惊的机器制图，如飞机、降落伞、潜艇和坦克，这些机器在数百年之后才被造出来。达芬奇晚年受雇于法国国王做一

8、些科学研究，他就很少有时间来进行绘画创作。简言之，莱奥纳多是一个非凡的天才，一个被描述成“文艺复兴人”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅蒙娜丽莎，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。课文理解Step Fast readingSkim the text and match each paragraph with its main idea.Para. 1ARenaissance artists formed the new ideas for painting, music, and architecture.Para. 2 BLeonardos influence

9、 on history.Para. 3 CSomething that Leonardo did as a skilled inventor.Para. 4 DThe introduction of the Mona Lisa.Para. 5 EThe implication of the Renaissance.Para. 6 FA change in ideas about religion.Para. 7 GThe development of trade becomes one of the factors of the Renaissance.答案：Para.1Para.7DEGAF

10、CBStep Careful readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1The Mona Lisa is believed to be _.Apainted in the years 15131516Bpainted by Leonardo da VinciCone of the best paintings in the RenaissanceDkept in China答案：B2The Renaissance _.Ais not more than just Mona LisaBis an English word

11、Cmeans “rebirth”Dfirst appeared in English in the 15th century答案：C3Which of the following shows the trade during the Renaissance?AEurope was getting fatter than before.BLeonardo worked for important people such as the Duke of Germany.CPeople couldnt afford to buy the artists works or employ them.DRi

12、ch people spent money on arts.答案：D4Which of the following is NOT true?APainters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light.BComposers put different voices together and created polyphony.CArchitects preferred to design buildings with more light.DThey looked back, too, by opening new f

13、rontiers in the arts.答案：D5Leonardo _.Ais not only the greatest painter but also a skilled inventorBis the Mona LisaCwas an ordinary geniusDhas been described as a Renaissance woman答案：AStep After readingRead the text and fill in the following blanks.For many people, the Renaissance means 14th to 16th

14、 century Italy, and the _1_ (develop) in art and architecture, music and literature which took place there at that time. Renaissance, a French word _2_ (mean) “rebirth”， appeared in the English language in the 19th century. It described a period of _3_ (explore) and the beginning of the modern world

15、. From Italy, it spread all over Europe _4_ artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. They also opened new frontiers in the arts such as painters use of perspective and the _5_ (effect) of light . The sense of exploration _6_motivated the artists also developed together wi

16、th a new type of philosophy. Besides, it was also a time of _7_ (science) invention. Leonardo, as well as being one of the greatest painters the world has ever known, was also a _8_ (skill) inventor. He did a lot in the scientific research. _9_ short, the Renaissance made great contributions _10_ th

17、e development of Europe.1developments2.meaning3.exploration4.where5effects6.which7.scientific8.skilled9.In10.to1 (教材P15)I find it mysterious, and perhaps even a little disturbing.我认为它神秘，或许甚至有一点儿让人不安归纳拓展disturb vt. 打扰，干扰；使焦虑，使不安disturbed adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；烦恼的经典例句It was disturbing that she became serious

18、ly ill.令人不安的是她病得很厉害。At that time, hunger was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside.那时，在乡下很多地方，饥饿是一个令人烦恼的问题。语境串记They were all disturbed by the disturbing news; that is, the news disturbed all of them.他们都为这个令人不安的消息感到不安，也就是说，这个消息使他们都感到不安。易混辨析disturb/interrupt/troubledisturb“打扰，妨碍；扰乱”，常指

19、失去了正常的状态或导致困难产生interrupt“中断，打断”，常指中断别人正在做的事情trouble造成麻烦或者困扰等，可以是生理上的也可以是心理上的，注重人的感受即学即练单句语法填空Toms mother was disturbed (disturb) to hear that he had failed to pass the exam.A piece of disturbing (disturb) news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.2 (教材P15)Ive never understood what

20、people see in this picture. Its too dark, too dull, and basically uninteresting.我从来没有理解人们在这幅画里看到的东西。这幅画又暗又沉闷，而且基本上没什么趣味。归纳拓展(1)base vt. 以为据点(或总部等)，(把总部等)设在n. 根据，出发点；根基，基底；基地；据点base.on/upon.把建立在的基础上be based on. 以为基础或根据(2)basic adj. 基础的，基本的；初级的，初步的经典例句There have been some problems but basically its a

21、good system.虽然出现过一些问题，但它基本上仍不失为一个好系统。即学即练单句语法填空Other countries might have different opinions about table manners based (base) on different customs.The word “media” basically (basic) refers to what we commonly call newspapers, radio and television.3 (教材P15)The effect of the light, the combination of

22、light and shade, is astonishing.光线的效果、光线和阴影的结合都令人惊奇。归纳拓展(1)cause and effect 因果have a(n).effect on 对有影响come into effect 开始实施；生效put/bring.into effect 实施，使生效in effect 事实上，实际上；有效，在实施中take effect 见效；开始起作用(2)effective adj. 有效的；实际的；生效的经典例句Any change in lifestyle will have an effect on your health.生活方式的任何改变

23、都将影响你的健康。New controls will come into effect next month.下个月将开始实施新的管制措施。The traffic laws wont take effect until the end of the year.交通法要到年底才会生效。语境串记The new traffic rule came into effect. Now it is beginning to take effect. In effect, it has an effect on peoples life in many ways besides peoples focus

24、on the road safety.这条新的交通法规开始实施了。现在它开始起作用了。实际上，除了人们对道路安全的关注外，它还在很多方面影响着人们的生活。名师点津很多同学易将effect同affect混淆，以下是它们的区别：affect (vt.) sth.have an effect (n.) on sth. 对某事/某物有影响即学即练单句语法填空It is said that the new railway timetable will come into effect next month.How well you manage your mental health and stress

25、 levels has a major effect on your work performance.He said he graduated from Oxford University, but in effect, he never went to college.John Howard, a senior official at the World Society for the Protection of Animals, expressed his satisfaction of the effective (effect) measures taken by the Chine

26、se government.4 (教材P15)The effect of the light, the combination of light and shade, is astonishing.光线的效果、光线和阴影的结合都令人惊奇。归纳拓展(1)in combination (with.) (与)联合起来(2)combine vt.& vi. (使)结合，联合，混合，组合；兼有，使融合combine (with). (使)与结合/混合combine A and/with B 兼有A和B；使A与B相结合经典例句In fact, only hard work in combination w

27、ith proper methods will give you an advantage over others.事实上，只有努力再加上适当的方法才能使你比他人有优势。Combine all the ingredients in a bowl.把所有的配料放在碗里拌匀。The first step in making a cake is to combine the milk and butter.做蛋糕的第一步就是把牛奶和黄油放在一起拌匀。The hotel combines comfort with convenience.这家旅馆既舒适又方便。语境串记In combination wi

28、th two other classes, we started a campaign to fight against wasting food one year ago. As it turned out, our combined efforts were a great success.一年前，我们与其他两个班级联合起来，开展了一场反对浪费食物的运动。正如结果证明的那样，我们的共同努力取得了巨大的成功。即学即练(1)用combine的适当形式填空His treatment was a combination of surgery, radiation and drugs.In rece

29、nt years an English word “infosphere” has appeared, combining the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”(2)完成句子一份理想的工作应该把你擅长的和你感兴趣的结合起来。An ideal job should be one that combines_what_you_are_good_at_with/and what you are interested in.这家公司与几家海外合伙人在联合开发新产品。The firm is working on a new product in_comb

30、ination_with several overseas partners. afford vt. 买得起；(有时间)做，能做；承担得起(结果)；提供，给予(教材P16).and it became easier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works or employ them.对于艺术家来说，要找到能买得起他们的作品或者雇用他们的人也变得更容易。归纳拓展(1)afford sth.买得起某物，抽得出时间，提供某物afford to do sth. 有时间做某事，有钱做某事，承担得起做某事的后果affo

31、rd sb.sth. 给某人提供某物(2)affordable adj. 付得起的，买得起的经典例句The house prices go up and people from the area cannot afford a house there.当地房价上涨，因此当地人买不起房子了。She felt she couldnt afford any more time off work.她觉得她再也抽不出时间歇班了。She never took a taxi, even though she could afford to.尽管她坐得起出租汽车，但她从未坐过。We cannot afford

32、 any more delays.我们不能再有任何耽搁了。We cannot afford to ignore this warning.对于这个警告我们绝不能等闲视之。They could not afford to lose any more staff.他们再也不能损失员工了。It afforded her the opportunity to improve her tennis skills.这给了她提高网球水平的机会。It was a cold room, but it afforded a fine view of the Old City.这房间虽然很冷，但是它能让人将古城的景

33、致尽收眼底。It seems that living green is surprisingly easy and affordable. A small step makes a big difference.绿色生活似乎非常容易负担得起。一个小小的举动就会产生很大的不同。即学即练单句语法填空The hotel charged $50 for the room service, but we couldnt afford to_live (live) in such an expensive hotel.解析：couldnt afford to do sth.表示“负担不起做某事，没有钱做某

34、事”。While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars (and rightfully so), policymakers also should be talking about how selfdriving vehicles can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissions (排放) and offer more convenient, affordable (afford) mobility options.解析：空格处修饰其后的名词短

35、语mobility options，故此处应用afford的形容词形式affordable。6 (教材P16)Painters discovered how to use perspective and the effects of light; composers put different voices together and created polyphony (“many voices”); architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of t

36、he Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.画家们发现了怎样利用透视法以及光线的效果，作曲家们将不同的声音合到一起创造了复调音乐，与中世纪哥特式大教堂的凝重相比，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑。归纳拓展(1)prefer to do sth./doing sth. 较喜欢做某事prefer sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A(to为介词)prefer doing sth.to doing sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事/与相比，更喜欢做某事prefer to do sth.rather than d

37、o sth.(would rather do sth.than do sth./would do sth.rather than do sth.)宁愿做某事而不愿做某事(2)preferable adj. 更可取的，较适合的preference n. 偏爱，喜爱in preference to 而不是have a preference for sth. 偏爱某物give (a) preference to. 给以优惠，优待经典例句In some countries, people prefer reading/to read your eyes and facial expressions a

38、s they talk to you.在某些国家，人们更喜欢在交谈时揣摩你的目光和面部表情透露的含义。I prefer English to be the language to be used on a website.我更喜欢英语作为网站上使用的语言。Some parents and students prefer smaller classes to normal ones to get a more personal education.有些家长及学生更喜欢规模较小的班级，而不是普通班，以享受更个人化的教育。I prefer reading books to watching TV.我

39、宁愿看书而不愿看电视。I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.I would rather walk there than go by bus.I would walk there rather than go by bus.我宁愿步行去那儿而不是乘公共汽车去。特别提醒prefer的特殊用法：(1)prefer意为“较喜欢”，相当于like better，因此不能再与better, more等比较级连用；(2)prefer不能用于进行时；(3)prefer的搭配中既有不定式符号to，又有介词to，要注意区分。语境串记I prefer the p

40、referable advice you referred to in the book in preference to the words you told me yesterday.我更喜欢你在书中提到的那个更可取的建议，而不是你昨天告诉我的那些话。即学即练(1)单句语法填空We most prefer saying/to_say (say) yes to the requests of someone we know and like.Considering the location in preference (prefer) to the price, many parents b

41、uy houses for their childrens education.We prefer to_rent (rent) the apartment which is well furnished.If you are the one who has a preference for traditional Chinese cultures and customs, turn on your TV and a fascinating world will spread in front of you.(2)一句多译(每空一词)周末，我们更愿意在外面玩而不愿在家看电视。On weeken

42、ds, we would rather play outdoors than watch TV at home. (would rather.than)On weekends, we prefer to play outdoors rather than watch TV at home. (prefer to do rather than do)On weekends, we prefer playing outdoors to watching TV at home. (prefer.to.)On weekends, we would play outdoors rather than w

43、atch TV at home. (would.rather than.)7 (教材P17)The sense of exploration which motivated the artists went hand in hand with a new type of philosophy.这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新的哲学携手共进。归纳拓展(1)motivate sb.to do sth. 激励/激发某人做某事(2)motivation n. C，U动机，干劲motivated adj. 有动机的，有干劲儿的经典例句The plan is designed to motivate em

44、ployees to work more efficiently.这个计划旨在促使员工更加卓有成效地工作。What is the motivation behind this sudden change?这个突然转变背后的动机是什么？即学即练用motivate的适当形式填空Each achievement will keep us motivated to realize the final goal.解析：motivated在此作宾语补足语。Lack of motivation contributes to his failure in language learning.1 (教材P16)

45、But there is one work which, perhaps more than any other, expresses the spirit of the Renaissance: the Mona Lisa.但是有一件作品，或许超过其他任何一件作品，更能表达出文艺复兴的精神：蒙娜丽莎。归纳拓展(1)more than(2)more.than.与其不如经典例句Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。When crossing the road, you must be more than careful.穿过马路时，你必须十分小心。The

46、 beauty of the mountain is more than description.那座山的美是难以描述的。He is more lucky than clever.与其说他聪明不如说他幸运。名师点津more than one单数名词在意义上为复数，作主语时谓语动词为单数。More than one house is burnt down in the fire.多间房屋在大火中被焚毁。即学即练完成句子与其说他是教师倒不如说他是学者。He is more a scholar than a teacher.这里地下很可能有石油。It is more_than likely that

47、 theres oil here under the ground.2 (教材P16).architects preferred designing buildings with more light which contrasted with the heaviness of the Gothic cathedrals of the Middle Ages.相比较于中世纪哥特式建筑的凝重来说，建筑师们则更喜欢设计更加光亮的建筑。归纳拓展contrast vt.将对比；将对照n. 差别，差异；对比，反差in contrast with/to 与形成对比by contrast 通过对比经典例句T

48、he green grassland contrasts with the white clouds in the sky.绿色的草原与空中的白云形成对比。In contrast with his brothers, Tom is rather short.与他的兄弟们相比，汤姆的个子相当矮。By contrast, his brother is more easygoing.相比之下，他的弟弟更随和。即学即练单句语法填空The research came to a conclusion by contrast.In contrast to/with his sister, she is ki

49、nd and friendly.(教材P16)It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages.,好像在经历了中世纪的漫长沉睡之后，欧洲要苏醒了。as if在句中引导表语从句，从句用的是陈述语气。归纳拓展as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导方式状语从句和表语从句。其意义和用法与as though相同。(1)引导表语从句，常置于系动词look, seem, sound, feel, smell等之后。(2)引导方式状语从句(3)as if/though引导的从句有时可用省略形式，此时as if/t

50、hough的后面可以接形容词、不定式、分词或介词短语等。(4)as if/though引导的从句的语气：如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气。下表为表示虚拟的情况：“as if/though从句”表示虚拟虚拟情况从句谓语的形式与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/might/could动词原形经典例句Listen to the thunder! It seems as if it is going to rain.

51、听雷声！看来似乎要下雨了。It looks as if shes gone away for a few days.看起来她好像已经出去几天了。He opened his mouth as if he would say something.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。She loves the boy as if he were her son.她爱这个男孩，就好像他是她的儿子一样。She stood at the door as if (she was) waiting for someone.她在门口站着，好像在等谁似的。She hurriedly left the room as if an

52、gry.她急匆匆离开了房间，好像生气了。名师点津as if的命题切入点有三个：一是用于固定句式中，如It seems/looks as if.；二是其后的从句若用虚拟语气，从句谓语动词的变化形式；三是as if用于省略句中，as if后可直接接形容词或非谓语动词等。即学即练单句语法填空More generally, the Internet functions as if it were (be) my memory.解析：从句所表达的内容与现在的事实相反，故从句谓语用过去式，be动词用were。I felt as if I had_made (make) something torn out

53、 of my body that could never be fully replaced.解析：从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语用“had过去分词”。It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I had_done (do) it?解析：从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故从句谓语用“had过去分词”。Dont handle the vase as if it were (be) made of steel.解析：as if表示“似乎，好像”，在此引导方式状语从句。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，所以

54、用were。(教材P16)It is believed to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种风格一经使用便使人们惊讶不已。归纳拓展(1)主句是sb./sth.be believed to do/to be.句型，该句型常改写成It is believed that./People believe that.，意为“人们相信/认为”。(2)在上述句型中，不定式可用一般式(to do)、

55、进行式(to be doing)、完成式(to have done)三种形式。(3)除believe外，用于此句型的词还有say, think, report, estimate, suggest, know, report等。经典例句The house was believed to be built in 1735.It is believed that the house was built in 1735.People believe that the house was built in 1735.人们认为这所房子建于1735年。Thirteen is said to be an u

56、nlucky number.据说13是一个不吉利的数字。Land animals are believed to develop from sea animals.陆地动物被认为是由海洋动物进化而来的。即学即练单句语法填空Our manager was said to_have_gone (go) abroad to attend a meeting.The typhoon is believed to_stop (stop) today.(教材P17)After centuries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life

57、was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God.在哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，即认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命价值很渺小，几个世纪之后本句中含有“of抽象名词”结构，该结构常用来描述人或事物的特征，在句中作表语、后置定语或宾语补足语。归纳拓展(1)beof抽象名词，相当于be形容词。能用于该结构的名词有：value， use， help， importance， difference等，这些名词前可用great， no， little， some， any， not much等修饰，以表示不同程度。(2)beo

58、fsize/weight/height/age/colour/opinion/width/length/type， etc.，名词前一般加不定冠词或the same。经典例句The book he gave me is of great use.他给我的那本书很有用。We consider his work to be of great value.我们觉得他的工作很有价值。Coins may be of different sizes, weights and shapes.钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。即学即练单句语法填空The ancient vase is of great va

59、lue (valuable)The research is considered to be of great importance (important).单词拼写1I was deeply disturbed (打扰) and depressed by the news that Tom hadnt won the game.2Theres a great need for a new book on the subject (主题)3Were it not for music, life would be dull (枯燥的)4It is well known that alcoholi

60、c drink can have a bad effect (影响) on your body.5Your support has always given me added inspiration and motivation (动机)6Demand for skilled (有技巧的) workers is high; but there is no demand for unskilled ones.7The young writer learned a great deal from the works (著作) by masters in literature.8We were so

61、 worn out after the long walk in the sun that I suggested a rest in the shade (阴凉处)9Basically (大体上来说), I agree with your advice on the plan. But there are a few details Id like to discuss with you.10The frontiers (新领域) of medical knowledge are being pushed forward as time goes on.用方框中短语的适当形式填空in sho

62、rt, hand in hand, contrast.with, for all time, compared with/to, wake up1The children walked down the street hand_in_hand.2In_short,_I am interested in all of the sports.3The incident woke_up memories of his past sufferings.4This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.5Friends you meet in the school days will hold you for_all_time.6I think your prices are much too high, compared_with/to those of other suppliers.